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Direct Steam Generation (DSG)
Technology Overview
SFERA Summer School 2012June 28, 2012, Almerá, Spain
(Jan) Fabian Feldhoff
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 2 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
STE Status
- Many market players- Need for significant cost reduction
- More automated production and construction- Optimized collector designs- New heat transfer fluids
- Direct Steam Generation (DSG)- Molten Salt
- …
Today: DSGSolarlite: TSE-1
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 3 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Overview
- Introduction- DSG History- DSG Characteristics and two-phase flow- Plant concepts- Research Overview
- Once-through- Steam Parameters- Operation/Control- Storage concepts
- Final Remarks and Outlook
Solarlite: TSE-1
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 4 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Parabolic Trough Plants with Oil
Solarlite: TSE-1
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 5 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Parabolic Trough Plants with Molten Salt
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 6 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Parabolic Trough Plants with DSG
Solarlite: TSE-1
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 7 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG Advantages and Drawbacks
+ Commercially applied+ One-phase flow+ Easily scalable
- Heat exchanger batteries- T < 400°C- Efficiency/process limit reached- Hazardous to environment
+ No heat exchangers+ High temperatures+ High efficiency+ Non-toxic fluid+ Simple overall configuration- Two-phase flow- Higher control effort- Thermal storage expensive (so far)- Higher temperature gradients
Oil DSG
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 8 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Milestones in DSG developmentThe very beginnings – DSG was first!
John Ericsson- New York, USA, 1870 and 1883- 3.25-m2-aperture collector- Driving a small 373-W engine.
Frank Shuman- Meadi, Egypt, 1912-1913- 5 collectors 62x4m- driving a steam engine (~40 kW)
used to pump water for irrigation
Fernández-García, A., Zarza, E., Valenzuela, L., et al., 2010,"Parabolic-trough solar collectors and their applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, pp. 1695 - 1721.
Shuman Collector
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 9 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Milestones in DSG developmentRevival in the 80‘s
Solar One, Barstow, USA- 10 MWe, 425 °C- Once-through boiler- 4 hours storage (sensible)- In operation 1982-1988
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 10 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Milestones in DSG developmentExperiments with DSG in horizontal tubes
Benson test facility at SiemensGoebel et al: Direkte Dampferzeugung in Parabolrinnensolarkraftwerken. Forschungsverbund Sonnenenergie Themen 96/97, page 110 ff
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 11 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Milestones in DSG developmentDISS project: 500 m/100 bar/400 °C
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 12 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Milestones in DSG developmentPlanning of demonstration plant
INDITEP- Application of design
tools- 5 MWe, 410°C / 78 bar- Recirculation with
decentral separators- Another 200m for DISS
Zarza, E., Rojas, M. E., González, L., et al., 2006, "INDITEP: The first pre-commercial DSG solar power plant," Solar Energy, 80 (10), pp. 1270-1276.
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 13 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Milestones in DSG developmentCommercial tower implementations
PS10: 40 bar saturated steam, 11 MWePS20: 45 bar saturated steam, 20 MWe
http://www.abengoasolar.com/corp/web/en/nuestras_plantas/plantas_en_operacion/espana/PS10_la_primera_torre_comercial_del_mundo.html
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 14 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Milestones in DSG developmentDSG Component tests at 500 °C
2010/2011Real-DISS test facility112 bar / 500 °C
Concrete storage system
PCM storagesystem
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 15 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Milestones in DSG developmentLinear Fresnel plants
PE-1: 1 MW, 55 bar, saturated steamPE-2: 30 MW, 55 bar, saturated steamBoth plants with Linear Fresnel technology by Novatec Solar Source: DLR
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 16 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Milestones in DSG developmentLinear Fresnel plants
Source: Areva Solar
Kimberlina 5 MWe106 bar, 400 °C(higher values announced)Technology by Areva Solar
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 17 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Milestones in DSG developmentThe first parabolic trough plant with superheating
Source: Solarlite
TSE-1, Thailand5 MWe34 bar, 340 °CTechnology by Solarlite
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 18 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG Status – It‘s commercial!
Topics for industry:- Higher steam parameters (up to 110 bar /500 °C)- Parameter Optimization Pressure and temperature vs. Piping cost- Improvements in plant configurations and costs
Topics for R&D:- Solar Field Optimization Optimized recirculation, once-through- Operation Optimization Start-up, Control- Thermal Energy Storage Costs, Performance- Plant integration options Hybrid, TES
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 19 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Loop Characteristics > What it’s all about…
Solarlite: TSE-1
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 20 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Loop Characteristics > Temperature/pressure
- Temperature and pressure along loop (1500m, 500°C/112 bar outlet)
Solarlite: TSE-1
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 21 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Loop Characteristics > Temperature/Steam Quality
Solarlite: TSE-1
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Loop length in No of collectors
Tem
pera
ture
in °C
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Stea
m Q
ualit
y
TemperatureSteam Quality
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 22 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Flow Patterns in horizontal tubes
Bubble Flow
Annular Flow
Drop/Spray Flow
Plug Flow
Stratified Flow
Wavy Flow
Slug Flow
Based on VDI Heat Atlas, 10. Aufl. 2006, Hbb
To be avoided
Desired
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 23 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Loop Characteristics > Temperatureprofile
- Four regionsI. Wetted– heatedII. Wetted– not heatedIII. Dry – not heatedIV. Dry – heated
- Asymmetric temperature profilearound cross section
Heated Region
Wetted Region
III
III IV
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 24 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Two-phase flow in horizontal pipesInternal heat transfer
case 1
case 2
-α
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
Fall 1Fall 2
Circumference Angle [°]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C]
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 25 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Loop Characteristics > Do you understand?
- Question of the day- Which is the most
desirable flow pattern in DSG loops with high steam quality?
- Answer:Annular Flowdue to its complete wetted inner surface.
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 26 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Two-phase flow in horizontal pipesFlow pattern map
Taitel, Y., and Dukler, A. E., 1976, "A model for predicting flow regime transitions inHorizontal and near horizontal gas-liquid flow," AIChE Journal, 22 (1), pp. 47-55.:
10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104100
101
102
103
104
Martinelli-Parameter X
K K
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
T, F
r*
Schichtströmung
Wellenströmung
Ringströmung
Blasenströmung
Schwallströmung
Verdampfungsweg
x .
Annular
Bubble
Desired path of evaporation
Wavy
PlugStratified
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 27 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Two-phase flow in horizontal pipesPressure loss
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000
Enthalpie [kJ/kg]
dp/d
l [m
bar]
Vorwärmer Verdampfer
Überhitzer
Preheating Evaporation
Super-heating
Pre
ssur
e Lo
ss o
ver l
engt
h (m
bar/m
)
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 28 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Plant Concepts > How you could run DSG plants
Solarlite: TSE-1
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 29 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Plant Concepts > Classical approaches
Recirculation
Once-Through(classic)
Injection
Onc
e-Th
roug
h
Eck, M., and Zarza, E., 2002, "Assessment of Operation Modes for Direct Solar Steam Generationin Parabolic Troughs,“ 11th SolarPACES, Zurich, Switzerland
Rec
ircul
atio
n
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 30 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Plant Concepts > State-of-the-Art Concepts
Recirculation Once-Through
DLR, Feldhoff
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 31 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Plant Concepts > State-of-the-Art Comparison
+ Very robust operation+ Commercially applied
- Relatively high investment
- Relatively high design effort
+ Easily scalable+ Fast start-up+ Low investment
- Not that robust
- End of evaporation not fixed
Recirculation Once-Through
Based on: Eck, M., and Zarza, E., 2002, "Assessment of Operation Modes for Direct Solar Steam Generation in Parabolic Troughs,“11th SolarPACES Intern. Symposium on Concentrated Solar Power and Chemical Energy Technologies, Zurich, Switzerland
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 32 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Plant Concepts > Recirculation with central field separators
DLR, Feldhoff/Hirsch
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 33 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Plant Concepts > Recirculation with decentralseparators
Zarza, E., Rojas, M. E., González, L., et al., 2006, "INDITEP: The first pre-commercial DSG solar power plant," Solar Energy, 80 (10), pp. 1270-1276.
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 34 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
- With 1 or 2 injections- Only one type of loop
Plant Concepts > Once-Through
DLR, Feldhoff
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 35 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Once-through > The better DSG concept?
Solarlite: TSE-1
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 36 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Once-through > The DUKE Project
- DUKE: Durchlaufkonzept – Entwicklung und Erprobung(Once-Through Concept Development and Demonstration)
- Goals- Analysis and demonstration of Once-through concept under real
irradiation conditions- Partner
- DLR & Solarlite GmbH- Together with CIEMAT
- Period:- May 1, 2011 to April 30, 2014
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 37 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Once-through > Demonstration at DISS Facility
BOP und Control room
Installation and storage space
New Solarlite 4600+ collectors (3x 100m)
North
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 38 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Once-through > Main Changes DISS Solar Field
New BOP injection
New SH injection
Relocation of inlet valves
New injection instrumentation
New balljointsNew receivers
Temperature along end of evaporation and around cross sections
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 39 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Once-through > Main Demonstration Experiments
- Component qualification
- Design and validation of dynamic models
- Test and validation of control concepts
System evaluation of once-through concept
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 40 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Parameter Optimization > One step ahead…
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 41 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Parameter Optimization > Why that?
- Power Block:Carnot efficiency increases with temperature
- Solar field:efficiency decreases with temperature
Find the optimum Look at real-life
thermodynamics and costs together!
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 42 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Parameter Optimization > Power Block
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525Main Steam Temperature [°C]
Gro
ss P
ower
Blo
ck E
ffici
ency
[-]
8'124
11'373
Hea
t Rat
e [B
TU/k
Wh e
l]
120 bar100 bar
60 bar
40 bar
HTF Reference
Feldhoff, J. F., Benitez, D., Eck, M., et al., 2010, "Economic Potential of Solar Thermal Power PlantsWith Direct Steam Generation Compared With HTF Plants," Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 132 (4), pp. 041001-9.
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 43 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Parameter Optimization > Solar Field (Rec.)
57.5
58.0
58.5
59.0
59.5
60.0
60.5
61.0
61.5
350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525Live Steam Temperature [°C]
Mea
n S
olar
Fie
ld E
ffici
ency
[%]
100 bar60 bar
40 bar
Feldhoff, J. F., Benitez, D., Eck, M., et al., 2010, "Economic Potential of Solar Thermal Power PlantsWith Direct Steam Generation Compared With HTF Plants," Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 132 (4), pp. 041001-9.
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 44 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Parameter Optimization > Heat Balance Tool
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 45 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Parameter Optimization > Overall efficiencies
- Comparison of annual net efficiencies
- Thermodynamics: pressure increase more efficient than temperature increase
- Costs: piping for higher pressure more expensive
Feldhoff, J. F., Benitez, D., Eck, M., et al., 2010, "Economic Potential of Solar Thermal Power PlantsWith Direct Steam Generation Compared With HTF Plants," Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 132 (4), pp. 041001-9.
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 46 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
System Analysis > Comparison with oil trough
Annual Yield Results for 100 MWe, Daggett (USA), 9h of thermal energy storage (TES):- DSG solar field size -5.3 %- DSG net electricity output +2.5 to +2.9 %- Net plant efficiency +8.3 %
Feldhoff, J. F., Schmitz, K., Eck, M., et al., 2012, "Comparative system analysis of direct steam generation and synthetic oilparabolic trough power plants with integrated thermal storage," Solar Energy, 86 (1), pp. 520-530.
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 47 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
System Analysis > Cost Comparison to Oil Trough
- 100 MWe, 9h TES, Daggett/USA- Large solar fields sizes (450 MWth and more) are close too current
design pressure limits Choose DSG for sizes up to about 50 MWe and long term storage
- TES not yet commercially available Concepts under development Short term projects should focus on short term storage or hybridisation Oil trough without TES at least 5-10% more expensive than DSG
Feldhoff, J. F., Schmitz, K., Eck, M., et al., 2012, "Comparative system analysis of direct steamgeneration and synthetic oil parabolic trough power plants with integrated thermal storage," Solar Energy, 86 (1), pp. 520-530.
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 49 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Control > The secret to better performance
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 50 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Control > Solar Field
- One loop simulated- Cascaded superheating
temperature controller
Higher temperature gradients than in normal multiple loop plant
Birnbaum, J., Feldhoff, J. F., Fichtner, M., et al., 2011, "Steam temperature stability in adirect steam generation solar power plant," Solar Energy, 85 (4), pp. 660-668.
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 51 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Control > Adaptive Controllers
- Adaptive PI controllers with DNI-dependent feedforward are reliable for recirculation and injection mode [1, 2]
[1]: Valenzuela, L., Zarza, E., Berenguel, M., et al., 2005, "Control concepts for direct steam generation in parabolic troughs," Solar Energy, 78 (2), pp. 301-311.[2]: Eck, M., 2001, Die Dynamik der solaren Direktverdampfung und Überhitzung in Parabolrinnenkollektoren, VDI Verlag Düsseldorf.
Graphics: DLR, Feldhoff/Trebing
Parameter range for adaptive PI controller
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 200
400
600
800
1000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
qdni
X: 1.367Y: 850Z: 80.13
X: 1.04Y: 650Z: 105.3
time constant of adaptive PI controler
mdot0
T i
nominal state
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 200
400
600
800
1000
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
x 10-3
qdni
X: 1.367Y: 850Z: -0.001765
gain of adaptive PI controler
X: 1.04Y: 650Z: -0.001343
mdot0
Kp
nominal state
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 52 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Control > Experience from real recirculation plants
- Outlet temperature can be kept very stable even with easy controllers- Multiple loops and header piping smooth the temperature significantly no problems in recirculation plants very robust operation in recirculation plants
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 53 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG TES > Upgrading STE Plants
- TES = Thermal Energy Storage
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 54 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG TES > Sytem Overview
Birnbaum, J., Eck, M., Fichtner, M., et al., 2008, "A Direct Steam Generation Solar Power Plantwith Integrated Thermal Storage," 14th Bienial SolarPACES Symposium, Las Vegas, USA.
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 55 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG TES > Storage developmentPhase change material storagePhase change materialDemonstrated at DLR:- NaNO3 - KNO3 - NaNO2 142 °C- LiNO3 - NaNO3 194 °C- NaNO3 - KNO3 222 °C- NaNO3 306 °CExperimental validation- 5 test modules with 140 – 2000 kg PCM- Worlds largest high temperature latent heat
storage with 14 tons of NaNO3 (700 kWh) operating since 2010
DLR-TT
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 56 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG TES > Plant Integration
DLR, FF
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 57 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG TES > Plant Integration
Project DETOP
Variant 1:- PH: Concrete- SG: PCM- SH: Concrete
Variant 2:- PH: Salt- SG: PCM- SH: Salt
Variant 3:- PH: PCM- SG: PCM- SH: Salt
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 58 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG TES > Power Block Operation
Birnbaum, J., Eck, M., Fichtner, M., et al., 2008, "A Direct Steam Generation Solar Power Plantwith Integrated Thermal Storage," 14th Bienial SolarPACES Symposium, Las Vegas, USA.
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 59 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Outlook and Market > Somebody must build it…
Solarlite: TSE-1
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 60 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG Companies
- Solarlite, Germany- Recirculation, trough, superheated steam
- Novatec Solar, Germany- Recirculation, Fresnel, saturated steam, probably superheated in future
- Areva Solar, France/Australia- Once-through, Fresnel with multiple tubes/counter flow receiver,
exact parameters are unknown- Solar Power Group, Germany
- Recirculation, Fresnel, no commercial plant realized so far- Abengoa Solar, Spain
- Recirculation, trough, superheated steam, only tests at Solucar
Solarlite: TSE-1
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 60 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Final Remarks on DSG
- DSG has reached commercial status!- For short to mid-term:
- STE plants without or with small storage- Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) or fuel
saver plants (Don’t use oil for that!)- For long term DSG perspective:
- Development of economic PCM storage system- Solar field optimization- Overall parameter optimization including TES
- There is still a need for research- There is still a need for a reliable and detailed
comparison of alternative STE configurationsSolarlite: TSE-1
Solarlite: TSE-1
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 62 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
Questions and Discussion…
- Contact: jan.feldhoff@dlr.de
By Ron Tandberg
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 63 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG History > Add-on
- An uncomplete list of projects and contents…
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 64 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG activities 1/4
Duration Partner Target
GUDE 1993-96 DLR, Siemens, TUM, ZSW
Thermo-hydraulic effects inhorizontal receiver tubes
PRODISS/ARDISS
1996-99 DLR Modelling, simulation and control ofa collector loop
DISS I/II 1996-2002 CIEMAT, DLR, Flagsol, Iberdrola, ZSW, Siemens/KWU
Planing and erection of DISS plant Prove of concept Evaluation of different operation
concepts Validation and improvement of
modeling capabilities
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 65 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG activities 2/4
Duration Partner TargetINDITEP 2002-05 CIEMAT, DLR,
Flagsol, Iberdrola, Siemens, ZSW
Detailed engineering of a demo loop Component development (separator,
ball-joints, receiver) Socio-economic analysis
SOLDI 2004-06 DLR, (Siemens) Evaluation of separation concepts Process heat generation Dynamic model library
DISSTOR 2004-07 DLR, Züblin, SGL Carbon, CIEMAT, Iberdrola, Flagsol, CNRS, Solucar
Development, erection and operationof a latent heat storage system
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 66 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG activities 3/4
Duration Partner TargetDIVA 2005-07 SCHOTT, DLR,
(Flagsol, KK&K) Receiver development for 500 °C Detailed system analysis
ITES 2006-09 DLR, Züblin, Siemens
Planing, erection and operation of a integrated storage system
Optimized control strategiesFRESDEMO 2006-08 MAN, SPG, (DLR,
FhG-ISE, PSE) Planing, erection and operation of a
Fresnel collector with DSG Qualification of the collector
www.DLR.de/SF • Slide 67 > SFERA Summer School 2012 > Direct Steam Generation (DSG) > Fabian Feldhoff > June 28, 2012
DSG activities 4/4
Duration Partner TargetDETOP 2009-10 Solar Millennium,
Flagsol, DLR, Schott Solar, Züblin
Preparation of a demo plant Detailed system analysis
FRESDEMO 2
2009-13 Schott Solar, DLR, Novatec Solar, FhG-ISE
Optimization of Linear Fresnel Technology and operation
DUKE 2011-14 DLR, Solarlite (CIEMAT)
Extension of DISS plant to 1000 m Demonstration of once-through
operation
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