Digital Image Processing - Columbia Universityxlx/courses/ee4830-sp08/notes/lect1-parta.pdf ·...

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Digital Image ProcessingELEN E4830

Professors:Shahram EbadollahiLexing Xie

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General Information

Spring 2008Mondays 4:10~6:40pmLocation: Eng. Mudd 1127Credits: 3.0Offered on CVN

4:10~5:20 part 1

5:20~5:30 break

5:30~6:40 part 2

Target audience:First year Graduate and Senior level students

Course Webpage http://www.ee.columbia.edu/~xlx/ee4830/

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Staff

� Lecturers/Staff:� Shahram Ebadollahi

Research Staff Member, IBM T.J. Watson ResearchPhD from Columbia U. EE dept.

� Lexing XieResearch Staff Member, IBM T.J. Watson ResearchPhD from Columbia U. EE dept.

� TA: Wei Liu

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How to reach us?

� Shahram Ebadollahi� E-mail: shahram@ee.columbia.edu� Office hours: Mondays 3:00~4:00pm� Office: 1312 Mudd

� Lexing Xie� E-mail: xlx@ee.columbia.edu� Office hours: Mondays 3:00~4:00pm� Office: 1312 Mudd

� Wei Liu� E-mail: wl2223@columbia.edu� Office hours:TBD� Office: 711 CEPSR� Mailbox:TBD

Please contact the lecturer of the week

for problems/question related to each

lecture!

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Our research

� Shahram Ebadollahi� Image/Video content understanding� Medical imaging informatics

� Lexing Xie� multimedia content analysis, data mining� statistical learning and signal processing in multimedia

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Pre-requisites

� Signals & Systems� Linear Algebra� Probability

� If you haven’t taken these courses please see us after the class TODAY!

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Outline

� Part I [Shahram Ebadollahi]

� Course protocol, policy, and all that� Introduction to DIP and examples of applications� Course outline� Brief review of signals and systems

� Break

� Part II [Lexing Xie]

� Introduction to MATLAB for Image Processing� Brief review of linear algebra and probability

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Course Protocols & Policies

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Course textbook

� Digital Image Processing, 3rd Editionby Gonzalez and Woods, Prentice Hall 2008 (ISBN 9780131687288)

� Very well written book� Broad coverage of the subject� Accessible by wide audience

� Other references: see course web-page!

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Assignments

� 6 assignments

� Due at: END OF DAY OF CLASS IN TA’s MAILBOX OR EMAIL INBOX! (NO EXCEPTIONS)� Solutions and graded homeworks will be handed out the week after you hand in your

assignments.

� Types of questions in the assignment:

� Analytical

� ExperimentalA problem which require some programming and experimentation. e.g.

1) change parameters of an image processing algorithm, observe the effect, comment on your findings

2) how do you think this image could be enhanced? Show it! Why this approach?

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2 Exams

� Midterm (03/10/2008)� 150 minutes� Open book

� Final� 3 hours� Open book

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Grading Policy

� Homeworks: 30%

� Midterm: 30%

� Final: 40%� All material will be covered in the final exam

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DIP Introduction

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Eye Physiology

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Eye Physiology & Visual Perception

Rods & Cones Distribution in Retina

•6~7 Million

•Highly sensitive to color

•Concentrated in Fovea

•Photopic (day light) vision

•75~150 Million

•Sensitive to low illumination

•Distributed over Retina

• Scotopic (dim light) vision

Photoreceptor Cells

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Electromagnetic Spectrum & more

Gamma X-ray Optical Infrared Radio

Cra

b P

ulsa

r

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Image

� Image = 2d function

Ryxf ∈),( Ryx ∈,

),().,(),( yxryxiyxf =

Illumination reflectance

Fyxf ≤≤ ),(0

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Image

� Image = 2d function

Ryxf ∈),( Ryx ∈,

x

y

),().,(),( yxryxiyxf =

Illumination reflectance

Fyxf ≤≤ ),(0

Yy

Xx

≤≤≤≤

0

0

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Digital Image

x

y� Discretization

� Spatial sampling� Quantization

Znmf ∈),( Znm ∈,

)0,0(

)1,1( −− NM

m

n

10

10

−≤≤−≤≤

Nn

Mm1),(0 −≤≤ Lnmf

0

L-1

Picture Element

(Pixel, Pel)

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Digital Image

x

y

−−−−

−−

=

)1,1()1,1()0,1(

)1,1()1,1()0,1(

)1,0()1,0()0,0(

NMfMfMf

Nfff

Nfff

f

�

����

�

�

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Color Image

R

G

B

0

255

0

255

0

255

Rα

Gα

Bα

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Digital Image Processing

Low level

Mid level

=

Px

x

x

x�

2

1

High level

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Digital Image Processing

Low level

Mid level

=

Px

x

x

x�

2

1

High level

Communication & Storage

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What are we going to study?

Applications: medical, cbir, ...SE5.513

Image Compression (ch8)LX4.2812

Object Recognition (ch12)LX4.2111

Image Description (ch11)SE4.1410

Image Segmentation (ch10)SE4.79

Morphological Image Processing (ch9)SE3.318

Image Restoration (ch5)LX3.247

3.10Mid-term

More Image Transform, Wavelets (ch7)LX3.36

Image Enhancement in Frequency Domain (ch4)LX2.255

Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain (ch3& 6)LX2.184

Gray-level, Color and Multi-band Images (ch3 & 6), Video

SE2.113

Digital Image Fundamentals (ch2): Sensing, Sampling, and Quantization

SE2.42

Course Mechanics, Introduction to Image Processing, Introduction to MATLAB

SE/LX1.281

SubjectLecturerDateLecture No.

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Why study DIP?

� Image & video is a major communication media� “An image is worth 1000 words!”

� In all application domains, image and video is becoming indispensable

� WWW, faster computation, more storage, proliferation of image capture and consumption devices � Need for more, better, faster, and more intelligent image and video analysis

� It’s fun!

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Application Domains� Consumer domain

� Storage, tagging, searching,…� Remote sensing

� Agriculture, Urban growth monitoring, …

� Medical� CAD, quantification, organization,

assisted surgery, …

� Space explorations � Image mosaic, image matching,

…� Art

� Working methods of painters, material used, …

� Security� Military� … and many more!

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Application Domains

� Consumer domain� Storage, tagging,

searching,…

mountain, snow, buildings, sky

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Application Domains

� Remote sensing� Agriculture, Urban growth

monitoring, …

Urban growth in Washington D.C. between 1973 and 1985

[Image courtesy of NASA/LANDSAT]Multi-spectral imaging

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Application Domains

� Medical� CAD, quantification,

organization, assisted surgery, …

Color doppler Echocardiogram Brain MRI Cardiac CT

Tissue Microscopy Spine X-rayBrain PET (Alzheimers)

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Application Domains

� Space explorations � Image mosaic, image

matching, …

Panoramic image built from images taken from mars rover Spirit

[image courtesy of NASA/JPL/Cornell]

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Review of Signals & Systems