View
212
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Digestion notes
Citation preview
1
Digestion
Find out about:
The physical breakdown of foodThe chemical breakdown of foodThe role of salivaThe oesophagusThe stomachThe duodenum, liver and the pancreasDigestion in the small intestineThe large intestine
2
Starter:
Use the diagram below to describe what happens to food when you eat it
3
Breaking down food
Objectives:
• Know that food is broken down by physical and chemical actions
• Know how these two processes happen
4
The model digestive system
5
Digestion
ingestion = taking in nutrients
egestion = removal of undigested food
Oesophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Small intestine Large intestine(Colon)
Anus
Gall bladder
Rectum
6
M
R
S
GRE
N NUTRITION
7
Incisor - chisel shape. Used for biting soft foods like fruit.
Canine - pointed. Used for biting and tearing tough food.
Premolars - Large, flat surface. Large surface area for crushing and grinding food.
Molars - Larger, flat surface. Larger surface area.
Physical breakdown
Physical breakdown - Teeth
8
Chemical breakdown
Remember that proteins, carbohydrates and fats are made from smaller molecules.
These large molecules do not easily dissolve into water but when they are broken into smaller molecules they will dissolve into water.
(Remember, we are made of about 70% water)
9
Smaller pieces have a larger combined surface area
Each small cube has a surface area of 1cm2
1
11 1
2 X 2 = 4
1
1
46X
1 X 6 = 6
68X
10
Starch
To break down the large molecules we use special proteins called enzymes. Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions without being used up. They are called catalysts.
Amylase breaks this bond
Maltose
11
Mouth-watering!
12
Peristalsis in the gullet
13
To oesophagus
Stomach
Valve
To duodenum
The stomach - an acid attack!
14
Digestion continues in the stomach with acid that helps kill bacteria. Another enzyme, pepsin, breaks down proteins into smaller protein chains
Pepsinbreaks this bond
Protein chains of 2 amino acids
15
The duodenum, liver and pancreas - the great escape
Lipids (fats) are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol
16
The final stage of digestion now occurs
17
Digestion in the small intestine
18
The fate of undigested food
Anus
19
Region of production
Type of enzyme Notes
salivary glands in the mouth
gastric glands in the stomach
pancreas
Enzymes - an overview
Type of food digested general name of enzyme
carbohydrate carbohydraseprotein
fat
20
Ingestion
Egestion
Digestion
21
Label the digestive system and describe the journey of a hotdog as it goes through the digestive system.
Key words: Sort these words into the correct order as they occur from the start to the end of the digestive process
• ingest• digest• egest• physical digestion• chemical digestion• teeth• alimentary canal• peristalsis• bolus• enzymes• amylase• pepsin• lipase
• oesophaugus• stomach• duodenum• liver• gall bladder• pancreas• bile• small intestine• large intestine• rectum• anus• gullet• fibre
• starch• protein• fat• amino acids
Creative writing:
mark scheme:1 mark per two words used (30 words)
5 marks for effort
22
Recommended