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Different World’s Meet
THE FIRST AMERICANS
A. Native Americans
1. Migration from Asia
a. Across Land Bridge (Beringia)during last Ice
Age
1. Earth had an Ice Age-period of time when
temperatures on Earth were very cold
a. Northern half of world covered with
glaciers-large, slow-moving sheets of ice
b. Oceans froze , exposing a strip of land
(ocean floor) that connected Asia with North
America
c. Animal herds (bison, mammoths, caribou) crossed it- looked for grazing areas
d. Asian hunters, needed animals for meat, followed
the herds and stayed
2. Living in Americas
a. Hunter-gatherers- first Americans hunted for
the meat- learned to gather roots, berries,
nuts,etc.
1. Made tools and weapons out of stone, wood,
and bone
2. Archeologists –scientists who search for
traces of people in the past, believe the hunter-
gatherers migrated throughout North/South
America
ANCIENT MIGRATING HERDS
MAMMOTHBISON
CARIBOU
b. Ice Age ends
1. Land bridge covered by water
2. Large animals became extinct or died out
3. Hunter-gatherers learned to hunt smaller
animals, fish
a. began to settle down into permanent areas
b. Some began to farm-grew maize (corn)
3. Early Cultures
a. Culture- total way of life a people follow to
satisfy their needs and wants
1. Three major cultures from 2,000 years ago
Early tools and weaponsused by the hunter-gatherers
A. Anasazi - “Ancient Ones” in Navajo language
1. cliff dwellers –built their houses on the
walls of canyons/on cliffs
B. Hohokam – called the Canal Builders
1. lived in desert area called the Tucson Basin
a. lived in “pit houses” in villages
1. built irrigation canals
C. Moundbuilders
1. Settled in Midwest and Southeast America
a. The Mississippian Culture -also known as the
Temple Mound Builders
1. built the first cities in North America
a. Cahokia- their biggest village
Anasazi cliff dwellings
Anasazi Pueblo
ADOBE BRICK
Hohokam irrigation
Ancient irrigation canals outside Phoenix airport
HOHOKAM PIT HOUSE
CAHOKIA
4.Cultures of the North American Geographic Areas
a. nations -different groups of Native Americans
1. Similarities – people in each nation usually
spoke same language and shared cultural
traits, had several leaders who made decisions
2. Beliefs –most nations believed in the power of
spirits found in nature
a. Shamans –religious leaders
b. Cultures
1. Artic and Subartic
a. Igloos- houses made of ice blocks
b. kayaks- used small boats made of skins for
fishing and travel
2. Northwest Fishermen
a. lived in Pacific Northwest-fished
b. totem poles-tall wooden posts with carvings
c. potlatches –feasts where wealthy host family
gave valuable gifts to members of the
community
3. The Plateau or Intermontane (between mountains)
a. between Cascade and Rocky Mountains
4. Great Basin
a. dry, desert area
5. Southwest
a. The Pueblo nation-lived in adobe houses- sun-
dried brick
6. The Plains
a. lived across the Great Plains
b. buffalo –major source of everything to them (food, clothes, tools)
TOTEM POLES
People arriving to a potlatch.
Potlatch Ceremonial Drum
7. Southeast
a. most densely-populated- Cherokee, Seminole,
Natchez
b. Women had a higher standing in these cultures
8. Eastern Woodlands-Iroquois and Algonquin
a. Iroquois League –five nations fought until a
Mohawk leader, Hiawatha, suggested they
join together-formed the first true representative
government in North America-the Iroquois
League
5. Empires of the South
a. created civilizations –group of people with an
culture
1. has some form of writing, government,
religion, cities and social classes
a. specialized workers – those who only do
one kind of work
EX: Jewelry maker
A. Mayan Empire (present day Mexico and
Central America)
1. Skilled farmers –built terraces (leveled off strips
of land) – to farm on hillsides
2. Master builders- cities were tall pyramids built
of limestone blocks- temples on top for religious
ceremonies
3. Astrologers and mathematicians- priests
studied the stars, created two calendars, and a
number system with the number zero.
a. Hieroglyphs –system of writing using
symbols or pictures
B. Aztec Empire
1. wanderers that settled on an island in Tenochtitlan (Mexico City)
Mayan Alphabet
Mayan Hieroglyphs
Mayan Numbers
Mayan CalendarMayan Pyramid
TERRACE FARMING
a. Causeways- raised highways over water connected city to mainland
b. aqueducts –channels or big pipes for flowing freshwater from the mountains- also created chinampas-floating gardens
c. conquered many people-forced them to pay a Tribute-a tax that could be paid in goods
C. Incas Empire
1. Largest empire in South America
a. conquered peaceful means unlike Aztec warriors
2. Cuzco- capital city high in the Andes
3. Created 10,000 mile of road to connect all Incans
Aztec Empire
Chinampas-Floating gardens
Tenochtitlan
Aqueducts
Tenochtitlan and its causeways MONTEZUMA II and Hernan Cortes
CUSCO INCAN RULER
Cusco Wall
TERRACE F ARMING
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