Device Development with Visual Studio 2005 and Future Windows Mobile Platform Per Ahlberg...

Device Development with Visual Studio Device Development with Visual Studio 2005 and Future Windows Mobile 2005 and Future Windows Mobile PlatformPlatformPer AhlbergDeveloper EvangelistMicrosoft AB

AgendaAgenda Introduction .NET Compact Framework 2.0 Visual Studio for Devices Future Windows Mobile Platform

Richer Platform Capabilities

.NET CF 2.0MFC 8.0, ATL 8.0Broad managed code support Notifications Broker, Location, Camera, Watson, D3DM

.NET CF SP2

VGA (PPC)QVGA (SP)SquareLandscape

ATL 4.2, .NET CF Enhanced Emulator Configuration Mgr,Bluetooth, SMS

MFC, ATL

Active SyncConnection MgrMAPIOBEXTelephony

MFC

Win32, POOM

BetterDevelopment

Visual Studio 2005(C#, VB.NET, C++)

eVC 3 (C++)eVC 4 (C++)VS.NET 2003 (C#, VB.NET)

eVC 3 (C++)eVC 4 (C++)VS.NET 2003(C#, VB.NET)

eVC 3 (C++)eVB 3 (VB)

eVC 3 (C++)eVB 3 (VB)

Core OS WinCE 5.0WinCE 4.2WinCE 4.2WinCE 3.0 WinCE 3.0

MoreDevice Choices

FutureWindows Mobile

Platform2003Second Edition

200320022000

IntroductionIntroductionWindows Mobile RoadmapWindows Mobile Roadmap

DisplayDisplayUSB or SerialUSB or Serial

ProcessorProcessorMemoryMemory

GSM/GPRSGSM/GPRSCDMA/1xRTTCDMA/1xRTT

Device Device HardwareHardware

WiFiWiFiBluetoothBluetooth

RadioRadioDriversDrivers

Windows MobileWindows Mobile CE DBCE DBActiveSyncActiveSyncSQL MobileSQL Mobile

Pocket OutlookPocket OutlookPocket Internet ExplorerPocket Internet ExplorerWindows Media PlayerWindows Media Player

WindowsWindows CECE

NativeNative

Win32Win32

MFCMFC ATLATLManagedManaged

.NET Compact.NET CompactFramework 2.0Framework 2.0

Server sideServer sideASP .NETASP .NET

Mobile ControlsMobile Controls

** = Managed wrappers = Managed wrappers

Visual Studio 2005Visual Studio 2005

Home ScreenHome ScreenUser Interface/ShellUser Interface/ShellHTML ControlHTML ControlDOMDOM

GAPIGAPICameraCameraD3DMD3DM

Remote APIRemote APIConfiguration*Configuration*BluetoothBluetoothNot. BrokerNot. BrokerPocket WatsonPocket Watson

Connection ManagerConnection Manager TAPI*TAPI*SMS* SMS* MAPI* MAPI* POOM*POOM*

MultimediaMultimediaCommunicatioCommunicationn

Device ManagementDevice Management PresentationPresentationSQL MobileSQL MobileADO CEADO CEXMLXMLCE DBCE DBOLE DBOLE DB

Data AccessData Access

Software Platform (APIs)Software Platform (APIs)

IntroductionIntroductionWindows Mobile PlatformWindows Mobile PlatformIntroductionIntroduction.NET Compact Framework 2.0.NET Compact Framework 2.0IntroductionIntroductionCore Platform APIsCore Platform APIs

IntroductionIntroductionManaged Code on WM PlatformManaged Code on WM Platform .NET Compact Framework 2.0

A subset of the full .NET Framework 2.0 Ships as part of Visual Studio 2005 Will be in ROM on future devices

Future Windows Mobile platform Managed interfaces for specific operating

system features Distributed via a forthcoming SDK

AgendaAgenda Introduction .NET Compact Framework 2.0 Visual Studio for Devices Future Windows Mobile Platform

.NET CF 2.0.NET CF 2.0Compatibility and PerformanceCompatibility and Performance Compatible with full .NET Framework

Interoperability, protocols Compatible with .NET CF 1.0

Side-by-side execution Application compatibility

Enhanced performance Unified JIT Improved string handling XML improvements Improved ADO.NET with SQL Mobile

.NET CF 1.0.NET CF 1.0

.NET CF .NET CF 2.02.0

.NET Compact Framework 2.0.NET Compact Framework 2.0Displays and LayoutDisplays and Layout Orientation support

Docking and anchoring AutoScroll property – forms, panels SuspendLayout and ResumeLayout ChangeOrientation – portrait or

landscape Resolution support

Automatic scaling Graphics

DpiX DpiY

.NET Compact Framework 2.0.NET Compact Framework 2.0New Windows Forms ControlsNew Windows Forms Controls DateTimePicker MonthCalendar DocumentList LinkLabel Notification Help WebBrowser

Clipboard support Additional properties, methods

and events Control.DoubleClick ToolBarButton tooltips More Treeview events

Keyboard support Form.KeyPreview TabIndex, TabStop

.NET Compact Framework 2.0 .NET Compact Framework 2.0 Windows Forms FeaturesWindows Forms Features

HPHP43004300

IntegrateIntegrated d

keyboarkeyboardsds

.NET Compact Framework 2.0 .NET Compact Framework 2.0 System.Drawing NamespaceSystem.Drawing Namespace Bitmaps

Bitmap.LockBits(…) Image.Save(…)

png, jpg, bmp, tif, gif Bitmap pattern brushes Create font from

LOGFONT structure Custom pens

Rotated text Rotated text using LOGFONT using LOGFONT

.NET Compact Framework 2.0 .NET Compact Framework 2.0 Smartphone SupportSmartphone Support Data access

SQL Mobile DataGridView

Textbox IME switching InputModeEditor

Enable multiple menu items on left softkey

.NET Compact Framework 2.0 .NET Compact Framework 2.0 System.Xml NamespaceSystem.Xml Namespace Improved performance Schema validation support

No DTD Support Static creation methods for

XmlTextReader and XmlTextWriter XML processing through XPath XmlSerialization

.NET Compact Framework 2.0 .NET Compact Framework 2.0 System.Messaging NamespaceSystem.Messaging Namespace Support for message queuing

Send and receive messages Inter-application communication without a

live connection Communication using unreliable connections Administer, connect, and monitor network

message queues

.NET Compact Framework 2.0 .NET Compact Framework 2.0 Language and Runtime SupportLanguage and Runtime Support Enhanced VB.NET features

"My" namespace support Enhanced C# features

Iterators Anonymous methods

Cross language features Generics Partial classes

AgendaAgenda Introduction .NET Compact Framework 2.0 Visual Studio for Devices Future Windows Mobile Platform

Visual Studio 2005 for DevicesVisual Studio 2005 for DevicesVisual Studio 2005Visual Studio 2005 Enhanced project wizard

Target Pocket PC or Smartphone Enhanced designers Emulator support

Based on ARM processor Save multiple states

CAB and Setup projects Integrated device and emulator

debugging Remote tools

Process viewer, file viewer, heap walker, and more…

Visual Studio 2005 for DevicesVisual Studio 2005 for DevicesEmulatorsEmulators Build and test applications without a

device Requires a network connection or loopback

adapter Smart device applications use a variety of

Windows Mobile based emulators Visual Studio 2005 automates debugging

and deployment

Visual Studio 2005 for DevicesVisual Studio 2005 for DevicesNative Language SupportNative Language Support First-class native C++ support

MFC 8.0 ATL 8.0

One IDE for developing both Managed and Native components of an application Debug mixed Native/Managed application at

the same time

AgendaAgenda Introduction .NET Compact Framework 2.0 Visual Studio for Devices Future Windows Mobile Platform

Future Windows Mobile PlatformFuture Windows Mobile PlatformKey FeaturesKey Features Enhanced services and device support

Messaging – SMS, POOM, and telephony Notifications – signal, battery, connections Location and Camera APIs

Peripherals support Microdrives, cameras, keyboards, secondary

displays Not part of the core .NET CF 2.0 APIs embedded in operating system Accessed through forthcoming SDK

Future Windows Mobile Platform Future Windows Mobile Platform Managed APIsManaged APIs Pocket Outlook Object Model (POOM)

Managed access to PIM objects Contacts, tasks, appointments

MAPI and SMS Sending and receiving email and SMS Receiving SMS is a filter based system

Telephony Make phone calls Display call log

Pocket OutlookPocket OutlookListing AppointmentsListing Appointments

using Microsoft.WindowsMobile.PocketOutlook

private void ListAppointments(){

myItemStore = new ItemStore();

private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox AppointmentListBox;

AppointmentListBox.DataSource = myItemStore.Appointments.Items;

AppointmentListBox.DisplayMember = "Subject";}

private void button1_Click( object sender, System.EventArgs e){ SmsMessage sms = new SmsMessage(); sms.To.Add(new Recipient(sendTo.Text)); sms.Body = msg.Text; sms.Send();}

SMS MessagingSMS MessagingSending a MessageSending a Message Easier than before Similar to Winsock API Just create SMS object and send

TelephonyTelephonyManaged Access to Phone FunctionalityManaged Access to Phone Functionality Does not replace or map directly to TAPI or

exTAPI Instead, provides a managed interface to

crucial, commonly used telephony services Make phone calls

Easily implement a phone dialer UI Access the call log

Display missed, incoming and outgoing calls

SummarySummary The .NET Compact Framework 2.0

represents significant gains in performance and compatibility

Visual Studio 2005 tools and managed APIs offer a simplified development model

Support for next generation hardware will have you building state-of-the-art mobile applications

Data Access with SQL Server 2005 Data Access with SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition and the .NET Compact Mobile Edition and the .NET Compact Framework v2.0Framework v2.0

AgendaAgenda

Overview SQL Server 2005 Integration Visual Studio 2005 Integration Merge Replication

OverviewOverviewDeviceDevice DataData AccessAccess

Native Stack Managed Stack

SQL Server Mobile Edition

CLR / .NET CFCLR / .NET CF

SQL Server CE SQL Server CE Data ProviderData Provider

ADO.NETADO.NET

VB .NET / C#VB .NET / C#VS 2005 C++VS 2005 C++

OLEDB CEOLEDB CE

OLEDB OLEDB ProviderProvider

QP / Cursor Engine / ESQP / Cursor Engine / ES

Storage Engine / Replication TrackingStorage Engine / Replication Tracking

OverviewOverviewHighlyHighly IntegratedIntegrated intointo DevelopmentDevelopment ToolsTools

Integration with SQL Server 2005 DTS Support Show Plan and Hints SQL Server Management Studio

Integration with Visual Studio 2005 Ships with Visual Studio 2005 Database management functionality Easy code upgrades from SQL Server CE 2.0

OverviewOverviewArchitecture ImprovementsArchitecture Improvements Storage engine

Multiconnection support Row level locking of data Shares common memory pool Auto-shrink support

Improved query processor Cost-based optimization Show plan and query hints Scrollable, updatable cursor – SqlCeResultSet

OverviewOverviewSynchronization ImprovementsSynchronization Improvements Improved synchronization control

Multiuser synchronization Progress notifications Multiple subscriptions in the same database

Synchronization performance (w/SQL 2005) Partitioned groups Download-only tables

OverviewOverviewIntroducing the SqlCeResultSetIntroducing the SqlCeResultSet Development Features

Included in SQL Mobile, ships with: Visual Studio 2005 SQL Server 2005

Takes full advantage of SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition local capabilities

Extended Features Scrolling access Update in place Random access

SQL Server 2005 IntegrationSQL Server 2005 IntegrationSQL Server 2005 ToolsSQL Server 2005 Tools

Business Intelligence Development Studio Visual Tools for creating Data Transformation Data Visualization Enhanced Debugging

SQL Server 2005 IntegrationSQL Server 2005 IntegrationSQL Server 2005 ToolsSQL Server 2005 Tools

SQL Server Management Studio Create SQL Mobile Databases Show Plan and Hints Faster Optimization Enhanced Publication Subscription Wizard

Visual Studio 2005 IntegrationVisual Studio 2005 IntegrationVisual Studio ToolsVisual Studio Tools

Library Evolution SqlCeEngine,

SqlCeConnection, SqlCeCommand, SqlCeDataReader

SqlCeResultSet (new updatable scrollable cursor)

SynchronizationSynchronizationGoals of SynchronizationGoals of Synchronization Simplify development of synchronization logic

Sync becomes a single line of code Conflict resolution happens on the server through SQL

Server model Share a common data source

Allow multiuser access to the same data source Improve performance and data concurrency

More end-user versatility Allows end users to change devices and still access the

data source

OLE D

B

SQL Mobile Client SQL Mobile Client AgentAgent

SynchronizationSynchronizationOverallOverall ArchitectureArchitecture

HTTP OLE DB

ApplicationApplication

SQL Mobile Engine

DatabaseDatabaseSQL ServerSQL ServerDatabaseDatabase

SQL Server SQL Server OLE DBOLE DBProviderProvider

SQL Mobile ServerSQL Mobile ServerAgentAgent

Internet Information Internet Information Services (IIS)Services (IIS)

SynchronizationSynchronizationOutliningOutlining YourYour OptionsOptions SQL Server Mobile Edition provides two

synchronization solutions Remote data access Merge replication

Both require server components that are on IIS.

Remote Data Access Remote Data Access OverviewOverview Loosely coupled connectivity between SQL Server

Mobile Edition and SQL Server Talks to SQL Server without being “connected” Stores SQL Server query results directly in SQL Server

2005 Mobile Edition Optionally tracks changes locally

Sends locally changed records back to SQL Server The .NET Compact Framework provides managed

wrapper SqlCeRemoteDataAccess

Remote Data AccessRemote Data AccessUsingUsing SqlCeRemoteDataAccessSqlCeRemoteDataAccess Each program must specify RDA

connectivity Local database information (SQL Mobile Edition

OLE DB connection string) Web server information

URL – must include sqlcesa30.dll Login and password

Proxy server login and password information Remote DB info sent with each command

(SQL Connection String)

Remote Data AccessRemote Data AccessPullPull OperationOperation Local table created including data and

schema Optionally includes primary key Optionally includes indexes

Values may come from a table or stored procedure

Can retrieve all data to be more robust Can filter data to reduce data size Tracking of tables must be turned off View/stored procedure can reference only one table with a primary key

Remote Data AccessRemote Data AccessPullPull OperationOperation Optionally track local changes

Changes can be later applied Uses optimistic concurrency (no server data

locked) Local table must not exist before pull

Created during pull operation Error thrown if table exists

Remote Data AccessRemote Data AccessUsingUsing RDARDA PullPull

Public Sub RDAPull() Dim rda as New SqlCeRemoteDataAccess Dim ServerOledbStr as String = “Provider=sqloledb; Data Source=dataserver;” _ “Initial Catalog=Pubs;User Id=sa;Password=;”

rda.LocalConnectionString = ”Provider=Data Source=\My Documents\test.sdf” ‘ Set URL and IIS login/password.

rda.Pull( “Authors”, _ “Select * from authors where state = ‘CA’”, _ ServerOledbStr, _ RdaTrackOption.TrackingOn)End Sub

Remote Data AccessRemote Data AccessPushPush OperationOperation Sends changes back to server

All changes since last pull or push are applied Changes applied to server indiscriminately

Table tracking must have been “on” during pull

Exception thrown if any portion of update fails Changes are rolled back

Remote Data AccessRemote Data AccessUsingUsing RDARDA PushPush

Public Sub RDAPush()Public Sub RDAPush() Dim rda = New SqlCeRemoteDataAccess()Dim rda = New SqlCeRemoteDataAccess()

Dim ServerOledbStr as String = Dim ServerOledbStr as String = “ “Provider=sqloledb; Data Source=dataserver;” _Provider=sqloledb; Data Source=dataserver;” _ “ “Initial Catalog=Pubs;User Id=sa;Password=;”Initial Catalog=Pubs;User Id=sa;Password=;”

rda.LocalConnectionString = _rda.LocalConnectionString = _””Data Source=\My Documents\test.sdf”Data Source=\My Documents\test.sdf”

‘ Set URL and IIS login/password. rda.Push(rda.Push( “ “Authors”,Authors”, ServerOledbStr,ServerOledbStr, RdaBatchOption.BatchingOn)RdaBatchOption.BatchingOn)End SubEnd Sub

Merge ReplicationMerge ReplicationOverviewOverview Provides data synchronization between

SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition and SQL Server SQL Server is the publisher SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition is the

subscriber SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition receives

initial snapshot from SQL Server Both SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition and

SQL Server can modify the data Conflict resolution can be customized

Merge ReplicationMerge ReplicationOverviewOverview Changes reconciled on next

synchronization Local SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition changes

sent to SQL Server SQL Server changes sent to SQL Server 2005

Mobile Edition SQL Server Management Studio wizards

Publishers created in studio Subscribers create in studio

.NET Compact Framework managed wrapper SqlCeReplication

Merge ReplicationMerge ReplicationExaminingExamining thethe CodeCode

Public Sub SyncSubscription()Public Sub SyncSubscription() Dim repl as New SqlCeReplication()Dim repl as New SqlCeReplication() repl.InternetUrl = repl.InternetUrl = "http://Server1/SQLServerCE/sqlcesa30.dll""http://Server1/SQLServerCE/sqlcesa30.dll" repl.Publisher = “SERVER1"repl.Publisher = “SERVER1" repl.PublisherDatabase = "RDA_DeNormalize"repl.PublisherDatabase = "RDA_DeNormalize" repl.PublisherLogin = "sa"repl.PublisherLogin = "sa" repl.PublisherPassword = ""repl.PublisherPassword = "" repl.Publication = "RDA_DeNormalize_CustomerInfo"repl.Publication = "RDA_DeNormalize_CustomerInfo" repl.SubscriberConnectionString = _repl.SubscriberConnectionString = _

””Data Source=\My Documents\MyLocalDB.sdf“Data Source=\My Documents\MyLocalDB.sdf“

repl.Subscriber = “User1"repl.Subscriber = “User1" repl.AddSubscription(AddOption.CreateDatabase)repl.AddSubscription(AddOption.CreateDatabase) repl.Synchronize()repl.Synchronize()End SubEnd Sub

Merge ReplicationMerge ReplicationWeighingWeighing thethe CostsCosts Several triggers and stored procedures added

Added to system tables Adds more overhead

Replicated tables must have a ROWGUIDCOL Ensures that rows are unique Can avoid if rowguid column is added prior

Database must track all modifications Additional tables added to system database Tables used to track modifications Can grow significantly

Merge ReplicationMerge ReplicationMinimizingMinimizing thethe CostsCosts forfor DeviceDevice ApplicationsApplications

Key to success for device apps is minimizing communication Take only what you need Apply filters

Reduce the amount of data sent between devices and server Reduces time Improves responsiveness

Making The Replication ChoiceMaking The Replication ChoiceRecommendationsRecommendations Remote Data Access

Greater scalability on server Choose merge replication

Greater optimization over the wire Bi-direction synchronization

For more on making the choice http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnppcgen/html/

eff_arch_sql_servr_ce_rep.asp

SummarySummary

SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition functionality is greatly enhanced for developers

Integration with SQL Server 2005 makes generation and maintenance of SQL Mobile databases better

Integration with Visual Studio 2005 makes developing of SQL Mobile applications easier and faster

Remote data access vs. merge replication

.NET Compact Framework Performance .NET Compact Framework Performance and Best Practicesand Best Practices

AgendaAgenda General Principles Performance in the .NET Compact

Framework Common Language Runtime Base Class Library Framework

Summary

General PrinciplesGeneral PrinciplesGolden Rules of PerformanceGolden Rules of Performance

Make performance a functional requirement Set performance goals as early as possible Revise performance goals at each milestone Design, code and test for performance

throughout application development life-cycle

General PrinciplesGeneral PrinciplesIn general…In general…

Less code is faster code Fewer objects are better for performance Recycle and re-use expensive resources Batch work where possible Initialize lazily Do work in the background to affect

“perceived” performance Use threads and async calls

Understand what the APIs are doing

AgendaAgenda General Principles Performance in the .NET Compact

Framework Common Language Runtime Base Class Library Framework

Summary

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language RuntimeExecution EngineExecution Engine

JIT compilers Two JIT compiler architectures today

Emulator and ARM device performance experience may be different

Optimizations (ARM) Method inlining for simple methods

Optimizations are unavailable while debugging from Microsoft Visual Studio®

Some optimizations are unavailable when assemblies are compiled as ‘debug’

Call path Properties are calls Virtual calls are more expensive Platform Invokes are more expensive

Floating Point Pocket PC and Smartphone platforms don’t have FPUs

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language RuntimeGarbage CollectorGarbage Collector

What triggers a GC? Memory allocation failure 750KB of GC objects allocated Application going to background GC.Collect()

Avoid “helping” the GC, don’t call GC.Collect() What happens at GC time?

Freezes all threads at safe point Finds all live objects and marks them

An object is live if it is reachable from root location Unmarked objects are freed and added to finalizer queue

Finalizers are run on a separate thread GC pools are compacted if required Return free memory to the system heap

In general, if you don’t allocate objects, GC won’t occur Beware of side-effects of calls that may allocate objects

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language RuntimeFinalization and DisposeFinalization and Dispose

Cost of finalizers Non-deterministic cleanup Extends lifetime of object

In general, rely on GC for automatic memory cleanup The exceptions to the rule…

If your object contains an unmanaged resource that the GC is unaware of, you need to implement a finalizer Also implement Dispose pattern to release unmanaged resource in deterministic manner Dispose method should suppress finalization

If the object you are using implements Dispose, call it when you are done with the object Assumes an unmanaged resource in the object chain

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language RuntimeValue TypesValue Types

Value types allocated on the stack .NET Framework primitive types are value

types (for optimal performance) Keep value types small and simple Useful for items like Point (x,y coords) Avoid frequent boxing and unboxing

Boxing causes a heap allocation and a copy Can negate performance gains

Override Equals and GetHashCode Prevents boxing Correctness

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language RuntimeExceptionsExceptions

Exceptions are cheap…until you throw Throw exceptions in exceptional

circumstances Do not use exceptions for normal flow

control Use performance counters to track the

number of exceptions thrown Replace “On Error/Goto” with

“Try/Catch/Finally” in Microsoft Visual Basic® .NET

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language RuntimeReflectionReflection

Reflection can be expensive Reflection performance cost

Type comparisons (for example: typeof() ) Member enumerations

(for example: Type.GetFields() ) Member access

(for example: Type.InvokeMember() ) Should be avoided for performance sensitive

code paths Be aware of APIs that use reflection as a side

effect (for example: Object.ToString() ) Avoid using Type.InvokeMember()

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language Runtime.NET Compact Framework 2.0 Performance.NET Compact Framework 2.0 Performance

Substantial improvements in CLR JIT Compiler

All platforms have same optimized JIT Better code generation

More inlining Enregistration

Improved call path Improved p/invoke

Beware of cost of marshaling complex types Improved virtual method dispatch

Garbage Collector Less overhead per object Faster allocator

Improved heap management (reduce heap fragmentation)

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language Runtime.NET Compact Framework 2.0 Performance.NET Compact Framework 2.0 Performance

(Pocket PC 2003, XScale 400MHz)

1.0 1.0 SP2

2.0

Method Calls(Calls/sec)

3.7M 7.1M

Virtual Calls(Calls/sec)

2.4M 2.7M

Simple P/Invoke(Calls/sec)

733K 1.7M

Primes (to 1500)(iterations/sec)

562 832

GC Small (8 bytes)(Bytes/sec)

1M 7M

GC Array (100 int’s)(Bytes/sec)

25M 43M

XML Text Reader 200KB (seconds)

1.7 1.2 0.72

DataSet (static data) 4 tables, 1000 records (seconds)

13.1 6.6 7.3

DataSet (ReadXml) 3 tables, 100 records (seconds)

12.3 6.5 5.2

Bigger #is better

Smaller #is better

AgendaAgenda General Principles .NET Compact Framework Overview Performance in the .NET Compact

Framework Common Language Runtime Base Class Library Framework

Summary

Base Class LibraryBase Class LibraryArrays and CollectionsArrays and Collections

Use strongly typed arrays where possible Use jagged (foo[][]), instead of

multidimensional arrays (foo[,]) Jagged arrays give better performance

Pre-size collection classes appropriately Resizing creates unnecessary copies

Base Class LibraryBase Class LibraryStringsStrings

Use StringBuilder class for complex string concatenation and manipulation Strings are immutable String.Concat() causes unnecessary copies Perf Blog

http://weblogs.asp.net/ricom/archive/2003/12/02/40778.aspx Do not use foreach() to enumerate

characters in strings:foreach(char c in str){ //use c }

Use array index:for(int i=0;i < str.Length;i++){//use str[i]}

AgendaAgenda General Principles .NET Compact Framework Overview Performance in the .NET Compact

Framework Common Language Runtime Base Class Library Framework

Summary

Windows FormsWindows FormsBest PracticesBest Practices

Load and cache Forms in the background Populate data separate from Form.Show()

Pre-populate data, or Load data async to Form.Show()

Parent controls top-down e.g. Form panels controls

Use BeginUpdate/EndUpdate when it is available e.g. ListView, TreeView

Use SuspendLayout/ResumeLayout when repositioning controls

Keep event handling code tight Process bigger operations asynchronously Blocking in event handlers will affect UI responsiveness

XMLXMLBest Practices for Managing Large XML Data FilesBest Practices for Managing Large XML Data Files

Use XmlTextReader and XmlTextWriter Smaller memory footprint than using

XmlDocument XmlTextReader is a pull model parser which

only reads a “window” of the data Design XML schema first, then code

Understand the structure of your XML document

Use elements to group Allows use of Skip() in XmlTextReader

Use attributes to reduce size

XMLXMLBest Practices for SerializationBest Practices for Serialization

Use XmlTextReader and XmlTextWriter XmlDocument builds a generic, untyped

object model using a tree Type stored as string

Use XmlConvert to convert each element to appropriate managed type for efficiency e.g. Int32

Design XML schema first, then code Use elements for objects and arrays Use attributes for simple properties and fields

DataDataBest PracticesBest Practices

If data is local…instead of DataSet… Leverage SQL Server CE native in-proc database Query data using DataReader Use TableDirect command type for fast index searches

Equivalent to “SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar > 3” Limit open SqlCeCommand/DataReaders

Dispose when complete If data is remote…

Use SQL Server CE replication When using Web Services

Use DiffGrams to read and write DataSets to limit data transfer Save data locally in SQL Server CE for faster access and storage

Don’t save remote DataSets as XML to device If you do, save Schema as well

XML and DataXML and Data.NET Compact Framework 2.0 Performance.NET Compact Framework 2.0 Performance

Vastly improved XmlTextReader (SP2) and XmlTextWriter

XmlSerializer Improved ADO.NET performance with SQL

Server CE 3.0 SqlCeResultSet

Direct access to scrollable, updatable cursor

AgendaAgenda General Principles .NET Compact Framework Overview Performance in the .NET Compact

Framework Common Language Runtime Base Class Library Framework

Summary

SummarySummary Make performance a

requirement Understand the APIs Less code is faster code

.NET Compact Framework Tips & Tricks.NET Compact Framework Tips & Tricks

AgendaAgenda Coding Tips & Tricks Testing/Deploying Tips & Tricks Other Tips & Tricks

Test Your Internet ConnectionTest Your Internet Connection

ISSUE: Windows Mobile device applications are often

created with “occasionally-connected” computing in mind. You need to test to see if a Windows Mobile device is connected to the Internet before attempting communication.

SOLUTION: Create a simple method to attempt to

connect using WebRequest and WebResponse.

Replacing Smart Minimize Button with Close Replacing Smart Minimize Button with Close ButtonButton ISSUE:

The default behavior of forms in the .NET Compact Framework is to display the “X” symbol and “Smart Minimize”. You would like your application to close completely.

SOLUTION: The MinimizeBox property of a Form can be

set to False at either design- or run-time, changing the button to “OK” and closing the application when tapped.

Call a Function in a Native DLL From the Call a Function in a Native DLL From the Compact FrameworkCompact Framework ISSUE:

Lower-level functionalities are often not directly exposed directly through classes of the .NET Compact Framework. These functionalities may be desired or needed, however.

SOLUTION: Using Process Invocation (“P/Invoke”)

techniques will expose the functionalities for use in C# or VB.NET.

Determine the Root Directory of an Determine the Root Directory of an ApplicationApplication ISSUE:

It is often desirable to determine the root directory for an application in order to determine where other files should be created and/or accessed.

SOLUTION: Use reflection to find the root directory of the

assesmbly.

Stop an Application From ClosingStop an Application From Closing

ISSUE: There are times where an application should

not be closed until certain conditions are met. As a result, it is necessary to programmatically stop the application from closing.

SOLUTION: Overriding the OnClosing event for the

application.

Determining the Current Version of the .NET Determining the Current Version of the .NET CF on a DeviceCF on a Device ISSUE:

Your user/customer base may be running differing versions of the .NET Compact Framework. Your application may need to know which version is installed for supporting functionality.

SOLUTION: Use System.Environment.Version to evaluate

the current .NET CF version.

Get the OpenNETCF Smart Device Get the OpenNETCF Smart Device FrameworkFramework ISSUE:

There are a number of features in the Windows Mobile environment not directly supported by the .NET Compact Framework. This causes a lot of additional coding.

SOLUTION: Look at the Smart Device Framework (“SDF”)

from the OpenNETCF group.

Get the OpenNETCF Smart Device Get the OpenNETCF Smart Device FrameworkFramework

AgendaAgenda Coding Tips & Tricks Testing/Deploying Tips & Tricks Other Tips & Tricks

Tip: Creating a .NET CF Setup ApplicationTip: Creating a .NET CF Setup Application

ISSUE: You would like to create a standard

installation for deployment of your Windows Mobile application.

SOLUTIONS: Basic CAB file deployment “Do it yourself” http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp

?url=/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfdeployment.asp

Third-Party Solutions InstalllShield Wise

AgendaAgenda Coding Tips & Tricks Testing/Deploying Tips & Tricks Other Tips & Tricks

Additional Invaluable ToolsAdditional Invaluable Tools Windows Mobile Developer Power Toys

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=74473FD6-1DCC-47AA-AB28-6A2B006EDFE9&displaylang=en

SOTI Pocket Controller For developing, testing and supporting http://www.soti.net

Sprite Clone Image a device for cloning in large-scale deployments http://www.spritesoftware.com

Sprite Backup Complete Windows Mobile backup solution http://www.spritesoftware.com

Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources Mobile and Embedded Developer Center

http://msdn.microsoft.com/mobility/ Microsoft .NET Compact Framework Newsgroups

microsoft.public.dotnet.framework.compactframework WindowsForms.com

http://www.windowsforms.com/ deVBuzz.com

http://www.devbuzz.com/ Club Pocket PC – Boston

http://www.bostonpocketpc.com/

© 2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.