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Development of Nano-Ligno-Cellulose Produced from Mechanical Pulp
Sinke Henshaw Osong PhD Student
Department of Chemical Engineering
Mid Sweden University
Supervisors : Prof. Per Engstrand Dr. Sven Norgren
EFPRO – CEPI 3rd Early Stage Researchers Workshop, 25-27 Nov 2014, EU Thon Hotel in Brussels
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background : “FORE” : a multi-product mechanical pulping mill
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Fore: New products in
Existing mechanical pulping process
New renewable materials
tomorrow’s forest biorefinery
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The forest products industry is in a phase of shifting its focus towards the direction of biorefinery.
Processing of Nanocellulose
Applications of nanocellulose High Volume
stream:
Cement Automotive body
Automotive interior Packaging coatings
Paper filler Packaging filler
Plastic film
replacement
Hygiene & absorbent products
Low volume stream:
Insulation
Paint-architectural
Aerospace Structure
Aerospace interior
Aerogels
Novel & Emerging applications
Sensors –medical
Water filtration Rheological modifier
Cosmetics Organic LED
Flexible electronics Photovoltaics
Recyclable electronics
Photonic films
Application & Market Potential
types of nanocellulose
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“ rice-like” = short & stiff
“spaghetti-like” = long & flexible
Pääkkö et al. (2007): Biomacromolecules, 8(6), 1934-1941.
NCC
MFC
NCC MFC
Pulps Thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP). Chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP). Bleached kraft pulp (BKP) as reference.
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Process
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CRILL
1g dry solid content of NLC was used in all investigations.
rapid köthen sheet former
Rapid Köthen Sheet Former, the handsheets were pressed at 96kPa and dried under restrained conditions at 93oC for 10 mins
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results & discussion
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SEM Images : TMP-BJ30-R
TMP-NLC-A18
TEM : CTMP-NLC
crill characterisation: part 1
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Experimental NaOH/H2O2 chemical Pre-treatment dosage. The Wing Mill refiner in this project was used as a mixer. 150g oven-dried pulp was used. Pulp consistency of 18-20% .
crill: part 2
nanocellulose as strength additive Nanocellulose improves the strength properties in sheets. The tensile stiffness and similar structural properties are enhance due to improve bonding in the sheet.
still on strength properties
Page, D.H. Tappi 52(4), 674 (1969)
strength properties It was reported by Lindström, Fellers, Ankerfors, & Glad-Nordmark (2014) that apart from the well-known paper strength theories by Page (1969) which include: the fibre strength and fibre-fibre bond strength. There are other factors that contribute to paper strength improvement and these include; sheet structural features (such as formation and fibre kinks) and residual stresses on different structural levels (such as micro-compression in fibre bonding zones, free pore volume and z-direction gradients). This therefore means that both MFC and chemical strength additives tend to act as consolidation agent during sheet formation, thereby improving the relative bonded area in the sheet.
NLC as a strength additive in paper : Z-Strength Vs Sheet density
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air permeability Vs NLC/NC content,(%)
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conclusions It was possible to produce NLC from mechanical pulp. In this work the fibrillation process was solely based on mechanical approach without the use of chemical (TEMPO) or enzymatic pre-treatment.
Results showed that the crill value correlated with homogenisation time. Crill data presented in this work indicates that the fibrillation efficiency is good enough after the first 20 minutes of homogenisation. MFC additions to pulp furnish enhances the strength but at the same time increases sheet density and impair dewatering. The mechanism of MFC with pulp fibres could probably be due to the fact that the MFC decreased the meniscus radius of the sheet during water evaporation and thereby giving higher compressive forces between fibres. Also, MFC improves the bridging between fibres, thereby also improving the relative bonded area of the sheet
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acknowledgements Financers: • European Union • Mid Sweden University • County Administrative Board of Västernorrland Supervision: Prof. Per Engstrand Dr. Sven Norgren
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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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