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Development of a Less Favoured Area Policy in Georgia
Philipp Gmeiner, Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management Gerhard Hovorka, Federal Institute for Less Favoured and Mountainous Areas
Klaus Wagner, Federal Institute of Agricultural Economics 16. September 2015, Prague
1
Content
Project objectives and methods
Key figures of Georgia
EU - objectives for Less Favoured Areas
Neoliberal concept of development and growth
Recommendations
Conclusions
2 16.09.2015, Prague
Project objectives and methods I
Project aims:
Outline of existing LFA policies and practices in the EU and CEEC Delimitation options and proposition of indicators defining Georgian
LFAs Data availability and gaps, administrative capacity and responsibilities Potential impacts of LFA support in Georgia Recommendations on policy options to support LFA in Georgia
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Customer: FAO Georgia
Tender: Recommendations for Defining Less Favourable Areas in Georgia (part of the project: Capacity Development of the Ministry of Agriculture in Georgia)
16.09.2015, Prague
Project objectives and methods II
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Activity
1 Existing EU-policies and practices Home Office
2 Review of policies and practices available in CEEC
3 Kick off workshop (information and data requirement)
Mission 1 4 Basics for delimitation of LFAs (Georgian legislation)
5 Proposition of LFA indicators
6 Feasibility assessment
Mission 2
7 Capacity review to design and implement LFA policies
8 Recommendations on specific gaps
9 Policy measures impact assessment
10 Final workshop
11 Recommendations on policy options to support LFA policy formulation Home Office
12 Acceptance, process of synthesis report and project finalisation
16.09.2015, Prague
Georgia – key figures general
5
„Relief Map of Georgia“ von File:Georgia location map.svg: NordNordWestderivative work Виктор_В - File:Georgia location map.svg by NordNordWestETOPO1SRTM3. Lizenziert unter CC BY-SA 3.0 über Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Georgia.png#/media/File:Relief_Map_of_Georgia.png
16.09.2015, Prague
Russia
Georgia
Aserbaijan Armenia Turkey
Black Sea
Size: 70,000km² (57,000km²)
Pop.: 4.4 Mio (1.3 Mio Tbilisi)
Altitude: 0-5,000m
Climate: sub-tropic-continental (Precipitation: E 400 mm, W 3,000 mm)
GDP/Cap. PPP: 6,000$ (A: 43,000$)
Economic collapse after 1990, Russian embargo
15% extreme poverty, 32% below poverty threshold
Agricultural quota: >50%
Tbilisi
Georgia – key figures agriculture
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http://www.tedsnet.de/geoinfo/landuse.htm
16.09.2015, Prague
Land use: Agricultural area: ~800,000 ha
Arable land: ~300,000 ha Grassland: ~270,000 ha
Nr. of holdings: ~700,000
(mostly subsistence <1.5ha) Problems: low productivity,
management, infrastructure, legal uncertainties, no money for investments…
Plant Production: Corn, Potatoes, Vegetables, Wheat, Grapes, Fruits, Citrus fruits Animal production: Cattle (1.3 Mio), Sheep (870,000) , Pigs (210,000)
Example of a result map (possible mountain villages of Georgia)
7 16.09.2015, Prague
Example of a result map (areas affected by wind erosion)
8 16.09.2015, Prague
EU - objectives for Less Favoured Areas
Maintaining the countryside
Maintaining and promoting sustainable farming systems
Restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems related to agriculture and forestry, with a focus on areas facing natural or other specific constraints
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Specific Georgian objectives (in addition) :
Prevention of land abandonment
Improvement of the demographic situation
Improvement of infrastructure
Improvement of the general socioeconomic situation
The neoliberal concept of development and growth
Opening of markets, government de-regulation and privatisation of state-
owned enterprises, goods, services
World-market integration of developing countries
Adoption and implementation of support for organisations, structures and activities in the agricultural sector of developing countries
Growing scholarly differences over social, political, economic and cultural impact
10 16.09.2015, Prague
Recommendations for LFA support in Georgia I
Improvement of coordination and communication of Ministry of Agriculture with other stakeholders
Coordination of existing strategies
Coordination with forestry policy (Ministry of Environment)
An introduction of LFA direct payments in Georgia similar to the EU model is unrealistic in the near future
Defining a hierarchy of the main objectives and of measures to implement them
Starting LFA payments in pilot regions
11 16.09.2015, Prague
Recommendations for LFA support in Georgia II
Setting up of necessary administrative capacities and filling of data gaps
Building a data management system for available data (based on EU INSPIRE)
Delineation of 2 categories of LFAs: mountain areas and other LFAs
Delineation of LFAs mainly at the municipal level
Predominantly natural criteria (altitude, slope) and biophysical criteria (soil quality, climate, etc.) should be used for delineation; supplement required with socio-economic criteria
12 16.09.2015, Prague
Conclusions
The doctrine of the global competitiveness of agriculture can not be the primary goal for a country like Georgia
It’s not directly possible to implement an applied and well-functioning model like the EU-LFA payments in countries with other conditions
To create and fulfil the technical requirements for LFA payments is a long-term process; implement LFA policies initially in pilot regions
In the consulting process expectations of clients, contractors (scientists) and beneficiaries (ministry) do not always coincide completely
Personal experience: Teamwork and competent contact persons on site are essential
13 16.09.2015, Prague
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