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Development and Access to Information2017
IFLA in partnership with the Technology & Social Change Group
Fact Sheet
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Development and Access to Information | 2017
Fact Sheet: The State of Access to Information in 2017
Access to information: The right and capacity to use, create, and share information in ways that are meaningful to each individual, community, or organization.
• Between 2010 and 2015, the share of the world’s population using the Internet rose from 30 percent to almost half – over 3 billion people. A majority of the nearly 1.3 billion new users were connected via mobile devices.
• All regions experienced some growth; however, in Southern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia, more than 70 percent of the population still remains offline. In Oceania, that number rises to 87 percent offline – the highest percentage among all the regions.
Developed regions Developing regions World
Source: ITUNote: Data from 2015. Percentage of individuals using the internet (187 countries); fixed broadband subscriptions (196 countries); number of mobile sub-scriptions (189 countries); active mobile-broadband subscriptions (184 countries); percentage of population covered by at least 3G (166 countries); estimated proportion of households with a computer (185 countries); percentage of households with internet access at home (181 countries).Technology & Social Change Group, University of Washington
Figure 1.1: Overall state of A2I infrastructure availability in 2015 worldwide
Active mo-bile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
88.3
36
45.1
Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
29.3
7.7
11.5
Percent of indi-viduals using the
internet
78
36.5
43.7
Percent of house-holds with internet access at home
80.9
34.2
42.3
Percentage of the population covered by at
least a 3G mobile network
93.9
79
82.4
Estimated propor-tion of households with a computer
80.5
29.8
38.6
• By 2016, over 80 percent of people lived in areas covered with at least a 3G network.
• Affordability of mobile services and devices remain a challenge. Despite the network coverage, far fewer mobile broadband subscriptions were active in less-developed countries (36 per 100 inhabitants) than in more-developed countries (88 per 100 inhabitants).In Sub-Saharan Africa, mobile broadband costs almost 13 percent of monthly Gross National Income per capita, and in Oceania at 8.5 percent.
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Development and Access to Information | 2017
Source: ITU.Note: 177 countries, data from 2015.Technology & Social Change Group, University of Washington
Figure 1.5: Mobile broadband costs as a percentage of monthly GNI.
Mobile broadband, handset prepaid 500MB, as percent of GNI per month
Mobile broadband cost, handset prepaid 500MB, USD
GNI per capita per month, USD
World
Northern Africa
Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Developing regions
South-eastern Asia
Oceania
Developed regions
Sub-Saharan Africa
Caucasus and Central Asia
Western Asia
Latin America andthe Caribbean
$1216 $11,81 4,8%
6,3%
0,6%
3,5%
1,9%
0,6%
2,3%
1,6%
8,5%
12,9%
3,2%
3,5%
$11,34
$13,09
$6,54
$12,68
$9,47
$10,98
$6,13
$19,21
$10,37
$15,5
$3,77
$2704
$678
$412
$2143
$2589
$394
$1022
$276
$196
$736
$229
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Development and Access to Information | 2017
• People in less-developed countries are using social networking sites more actively than people in developed ones (71 percent compared to 67 percent).
• People in less-developed countries use the internet for online courses more actively than people in more-developed countries. Twenty percent of people in less-developed countries reported taking an online course compared to only 7 percent in more-developed ones.
• Only 39 percent of people in less-developed countries use the internet to access blogs, forums, or discussion sites and to read or download news or books, compared with 75 percent in more-developed countries.
Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income
Source: ITU.Note: 32 countries shown, data from 2015Technology & Social Change Group, University of Washington
Figure 1.12: Countries at the highest risk of not achieving the Connect 2020 target
Turkmenistan
Ethiopia
Papua New Guinea
Burundi
Sierra Leone
Chad
Bangladesh
Burkina Faso
Congo, Rep.
Guinea
Niger
Timor-Leste
Mali
Comoros
Central African Republic
Somalia
Kiribati
Solomon Islands
Togo
Madagascar
Eritrea
Angola
Malawi
Benin
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Haiti
Mozambique
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
3.5%
5.4%
8.3%9%9.3%10%10.3%11.4%11.6%
11.9%12.2%12.4%13%13.4%15% 14.4%
5.9%6.8%7.1%7.6%7.9% 7.5%
3.8%4.2%
1.1%
4.6%
1.8%
4.7%
2.2%
4.9%
2.5%
2.7%
Djibouti
Afghanistan
Tanzania
Percent of individuals using the internet
• Almost 40% of women in less-developed regions are now online compared to 80% in more developed regions. The internet user gender gap is the widest in Africa (23%) followed by Arab States (20%)
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Development and Access to Information | 2017
Developing regions Developed regions World
Source: ITU.Note: 61 countries. Regional averages not representative of the world, but illustrate that large gaps exist.Technology & Social Change Group, University of Washington
Figure 1.14: ICT activities by type of activity
Participating in social networks
Getting information from general govern-ment organizations
Purchasing or ordering goods or services
Sending or receiving e mail
Doing a formal online course
Selling goods or services
Getting information about goods or services
Accessing chat sites, blogs, newsgroups or online discussions
Using services related to travel or travel relat-ed accommodation
Reading or download-ing on line newspa-pers or magazines, electronic books
Interacting with general government organizations
Seeking health information, on injury, disease, nutrition, etc
Internet banking
Telephoning over the Internet VoIP
Making an appoint-ment with a health practitioner via a website
71%
67%
68%
53%81%
70%
43%
75%
63%
39%
15%
36%
14%
28%
14%
27%
13%
24%
12%
20%
9%
75%
22%
71%
57%
44%
7%
30%
54%
56%
45%
7%
20%
46%
17%
57%
42%
39%
13%
28%
38%
44%
32%
11%
18%
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Development and Access to Information | 2017
• Poverty and economic standing significantly affect people’s ability to use information meaningfully. At the same time, access does offer an avenue for reducing poverty and creating economic opportunity, though what people can do with this access is still bounded by structural inequalities.
Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income
Sources: ITU (percentage using the internet), UN (percentage living below the national poverty line), World Bank (income groups).Note: 113 countries (graph excludes high-income countries); data from 2015 for percentage using the internet, data from 1993-2015 for the percentage living below the national poverty line.Technology & Social Change Group, University of Washington
Figure 1.16: Percentage of people using the internet vs. percentage living below the national poverty line.
80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40
Percent of individuals using the internet
Connect2020 Target for LDCs (20%) Connect2020 Target (60%)
Perc
ent o
f pop
ulat
ion
livin
g be
low
the
natio
nal p
over
ty li
ne
60 80
Afghanistan
Iraq
South Africa
Albania
Jamaica
Sri Lanka
Angola
Jordan
Sudan
Armenia
Kazakhstan
Swaziland
Azerbaijan
Kenya
Syrian Arab Republic
Bangladesh
Kiribati
Tajikistan
Belarus
Kyrgyz Republic
Tanzania
Benin
Lao PDR
Thailand
Bhutan
Lebanon
Timor-Leste
Bolivia
LesothoTogo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Liberia
Tonga
Botswana
Macedonia, FYR
Tunisia
Brazil
Madagascar
Turkey
Bulgaria
Malawi
Tuvalu
Burkina Faso
Malaysia
Uganda
Burundi
Maldives
Ukraine
Cambodia
Mali
Uzbekistan
CameroonMauritania
Vanuatu
Central African Republic
Mexico
Venezuela, RB
Chad
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Vietnam
Colombia
Moldova
Yemen, Rep.
Comoros
Mongolia
Zambia
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Montenegro
Zimbabwe
Congo, Rep.
Morocco
Costa Rica
Mozambique
Côte d’Ivoire
Namibia
Dominican Republic
NepalEcuador
Nicaragua
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Niger
El Salvador
Nigeria
Equatorial Guinea
Pakistan
Eritrea
Panama
Ethiopia
Papua New Guinea
Fiji
Paraguay
Gabon
Peru
Gambia, The
Philippines
Georgia
RomaniaGhana
Russian Federation
Guatemala
Rwanda
Guinea
Samoa
Guinea-Bissau
São Tomé and PrincipeHaiti
Senegal
Honduras
Serbia
India
Sierra Leone
Indonesia
Solomon Islands
• Women need access to the internet and the resources that information and communication provide. Access promotes economic self-sufficiency for women. It allows them to make informed decisions about their bodies, their health, and their families.
• Gender inequality and low internet usage among women are most prevalent in the poorest countries.
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Development and Access to Information | 2017
Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income
Sources: UN (Gender Inequality Index), ITU (percentage using the internet by gender)Note: 78 countries, data from 2012-2015, depending on country.Technology & Social Change Group, University of Washington
Figure 1.18: Percentage of females using the internet vs. the Gender Inequality Index
Percent of female population using the internet
Gen
der i
nequ
ality
inde
x (0
is b
est,
high
er v
alue
s in
dica
te in
crea
sed
ineq
ualit
y)
Armenia
Ireland
Slovak Republic
AustraliaIsrael
Slovenia
AustriaItaly Spain
Bahrain
Jamaica
Sudan
Bangladesh
Japan
Sweden
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Switzerland
Belgium Korea, Rep.
Thailand
Bolivia
Latvia
Turkey
Brazil
Lithuania
Ukraine
Bulgaria
Luxembourg
United Arab Emirates
Burundi
Macedonia, FYR
United Kingdom
Cambodia
Malaysia
United States
Colombia
Malta
Uruguay
Costa Rica
Mauritius
Venezuela, RB
Croatia
Mexico
Zimbabwe
Cuba
Montenegro
Cyprus
Morocco
Czech Republic
Netherlands Denmark
New Zealand
Ecuador
Norway
El Salvador
Oman
Estonia
Panama
Finland
Paraguay
France
Peru
Georgia
Poland
Germany
Portugal
Greece
Qatar
Hungary
Romania
Iceland
Russian Federation
Indonesia
Saudi Arabia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Singapore
0 25 50 75 100
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
• According to Freedom House (2016), internet freedoms have been declining for six years, with Freedom of the Net scores falling in at least half of the countries monitored each year.
• The implications are significant: Freedom House estimates that, in the previous 12 months, 60 percent of internet users lived in countries where people were arrested or imprisoned for posting content on political, social, and religious issues; while 49 percent of users live in countries where people have been attacked or killed for their online activities.
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Development and Access to Information | 2017
Source: Freedom HouseNote: 65 countries, data from 2015Technology & Social Change Group, University of Washington
Figure 1.25: Freedom on the Net in the world in 2015
Freedom on the Net
Most free Least free
Access to information can transform lives. It can help lift people out of poverty, promote gender equality, and create opportunities for youth. However, its transformative potential is bounded by local, social, political, and economic forces. While ICT infrastructure is key to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, the physical tools that provide access to information are not enough. To help create more just and equal societies, the access must be meaningful.
About the DA2I
Development and Access to Information (DA2I) is a joint project between the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) and the Technology & Social Change Group (TASCHA) at the University of Washington Information School. It demonstrates how access to information and libraries contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
© 2017 by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) and the Technology and Social Change Group, University of Washington. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
IFLAP.O. Box 953122509 CH Den HaagNetherlandswww.ifl a.org
Contact: DA2I@ifl a.orgWebsite: DA2I.ifl a.org
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