Deuteronomy 1-11 © John Stevenson, 2012. Title of the Book Greek Name: Deuteronomion Now it shall...

Deuteronomy 1-11Deuteronomy 1-11

© John Stevenson, 2012

Title of the BookTitle of the Book

• Greek Name: Deuteronomion

Now it shall come about when he sitson the throne of his kingdom, he shall write for himself a copy of this law on a scroll in the presence of the Levitical priests. (Deuteronomy 17:18).

Title of the BookTitle of the Book

• Greek Name: Deuteronomion• Hebrew Name: ~yrIb'D>h; hL,ae Elleh HaDbarim

“These are the words”

These are the words which Moses spoke to all Israel across the Jordan in the wilderness... (Deuteronomy 1:1).

BOOKS LESSONS TO BE LEARNED

Genesis Sets forth Israel's relation with the Covenant God, both as Creator of the universe, as well as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Exodus Relates the narrative of how God redeemed His people from their slavery in Egypt. He is pictured as entering into a covenant with His people whom He has purchased as His priced possession.

Leviticus Deals with the question of how men are to approach the Covenant God. It outlines the sacrifices and the forms of worship.

Numbers Relates the history of the wilderness wanderings up to the preparation to enter the Promised Land.

Deuteronomy Gives the Law to the new generation with a special emphasis upon living in the land.

1922-20071922-2007

Professor of Old Testament at Westminster Theological

Seminary and Gordon-Conwell

Deuteronomy & the Suzerain Deuteronomy & the Suzerain TreatiesTreaties

• The PreambleThe Preamble• The Historical PrologueThe Historical Prologue• The StipulationsThe Stipulations• Deposit and Reading of the Deposit and Reading of the

CovenantCovenant• WitnessesWitnesses• Curses & BlessingsCurses & Blessings

1:11:1 PreamblePreamble

1:61:6 Historical PrologueHistorical Prologue

5:15:1StipulationsStipulations

12:112:1

Ten Ten CommandmentsCommandmentsRelated Related CommandmentsCommandments

27:127:1 Blessings & CursingsBlessings & Cursings

31:131:1 SuccessionSuccession

Deuteronomy 1:1 Deuteronomy 1:1 These are the words which

Moses spoke to all Israel across the Jordan in the wilderness, in the Arabah opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel and Laban and Hazeroth and Dizahab.

EGYPT

KadeshBarnea

EDOM

MOAB

ReubenGadMannaseh

Deuteronomy 1:2Deuteronomy 1:2It is eleven days’ journey from

Horeb by the way of Mount Seir to Kadesh-barnea.

Deuteronomy 1:3-4 Deuteronomy 1:3-4 In the fortieth year, on the first

day of the eleventh month, Moses spoke to the children of Israel, according to all that the LORD had commanded him to give to them, 4 after he had defeated Sihon the king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei.

Deuteronomy 1:5-6 Deuteronomy 1:5-6 Across the Jordan in the land of

Moab, Moses undertook to expound this law, saying, 6 “The LORD our God spoke to us at Horeb, saying, ‘You have stayed long enough at this mountain.’”

Deuteronomy 1:7Deuteronomy 1:7“Turn and set your journey, and

go to the hill country of the Amorites, and to all their neighbors in the Arabah, in the hill country and in the lowland and in the Negev and by the seacoast, the land of the Canaanites, and Lebanon, as far as the great river, the river Euphrates.”

Deuteronomy 1:8Deuteronomy 1:8“See, I have placed the land

before you; go in and possess the land which the LORD swore to give to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to them and their descendants after them.”

1:9-181:9-18 Appointing of leaders

““I spoke to you at that time, saying, I spoke to you at that time, saying, ‘I am not able to bear ‘I am not able to bear the burden the burden of of

you alone.’” (Deuteronomy 1:9)you alone.’” (Deuteronomy 1:9)

1:9-181:9-18 Appointing of leaders

1:19-461:19-46 Failure at Kadesh

Deuteronomy 1:26-27Deuteronomy 1:26-27‘Where can we go up? Our

brethren have made our hearts melt, saying, “The people are bigger and taller than we; the cities are large and fortified to heaven. And besides, we saw the sons of the Anakim there.”’

1:9-181:9-18 Appointing of leaders

1:19-461:19-46 Failure at Kadesh

2:1-252:1-25Desert Years & a Detour around

Edom

Deuteronomy 2:1Deuteronomy 2:1Then we turned and set out for

the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea, as the LORD spoke to me, and circled Mount Seir for many days.

EGYPT

KadeshBarnea

1:9-181:9-18 Appointing of leaders

1:19-461:19-46 Failure at Kadesh

2:1-252:1-25Desert Years & a Detour around

Edom

2:26-372:26-37 Conquests east of the

Jordan

Sihon of Heshbon

Og of Bashan3:1-113:1-11

Portions awarded3:12-223:12-22

Thus we took the land at that time from the hand of the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, from the valley of Arnon to Mount Hermon

(Deuteronomy 3:8)

1:9-181:9-18 Appointing of leaders

1:19-461:19-46 Failure at Kadesh

2:1-252:1-25Desert Years & a Detour around

Edom

2:26-372:26-37 Conquests east of the

Jordan

Sihon of Heshbon

Og of Bashan3:1-113:1-11

Portions awarded3:12-223:12-22

3:23-293:23-29 A Request Refused

Deuteronomy 3:23-25Deuteronomy 3:23-25I also pleaded with the LORD at

that time, saying, 24 ‘O Lord GOD, You have begun to show Your servant Your greatness and Your strong hand; for what god is there in heaven or on earth who can do such works and mighty acts as Yours? 25 Let me, I pray, cross over and see the fair land that is beyond the Jordan, that good hill country and Lebanon.’

Deuteronomy 3:26-27Deuteronomy 3:26-27But the LORD was angry with

me on your account, and would not listen to me; and the LORD said to me, ‘Enough! Speak to Me no more of this matter. 27 Go up to the top of Pisgah and lift up your eyes to the west and north and south and east, and see it with your eyes, for you shall not cross over this Jordan.’

Spiritual Spiritual Applications Applications

(4)(4)

A Rehearsal A Rehearsal of the of the

Journey Journey (1-3)(1-3)

Remember Remember the day you stood before the the day you stood before the LORD your God at Horeb, when the LORD LORD your God at Horeb, when the LORD

said to me, ‘Assemble the people to Me, that said to me, ‘Assemble the people to Me, that I may let them hear My words so they may I may let them hear My words so they may learn to fear Me all the days they live on the learn to fear Me all the days they live on the

earth, and that they may teach their earth, and that they may teach their children.’ (Deuteronomy 4:10).children.’ (Deuteronomy 4:10).

Deuteronomy 4:14Deuteronomy 4:14The LORD commanded me at

that time to teach you statutes and judgments, that you might perform them in the land where you are going over to possess it.

Deuteronomy 4:23-24Deuteronomy 4:23-24So watch yourselves, that you

do not forget the covenant of the LORD your God which He made with you, and make for yourselves a graven image in the form of anything against which the LORD your God has commanded you. 24 For the LORD your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God.

Deuteronomy 4:25Deuteronomy 4:25When you become the father of

children and children’s children and have remained long in the land, and act corruptly, and make an idol in the form of anything, and do that which is evil in the sight of the LORD your God so as to provoke Him to anger…

Deuteronomy 4:26Deuteronomy 4:26…I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that you will surely perish quickly from the land where you are going over the Jordan to possess it. You shall not live long on it, but will be utterly destroyed.

Deuteronomy 4:27Deuteronomy 4:27The LORD will scatter you

among the peoples, and you will be left few in number among the nations where the LORD drives you.

Deuteronomy 4:28Deuteronomy 4:28There you will serve gods, the

work of man’s hands, wood and stone, which neither see nor hear nor eat nor smell.

4:25-284:25-28

Judgment will come if you turn to idols and you

will be driven from the land.

4:29-314:29-31God will

remember His covenant and

bring you back if you repent.

Deuteronomy 4:39Deuteronomy 4:39Know therefore today, and take

it to your heart, that the LORD, He is God in heaven above and on the earth below; there is no other.

Deuteronomy 4:40Deuteronomy 4:40So you shall keep His statutes

and His commandments which I am giving you today, that it may go well with you and with your children after you, and that you may live long on the land which the LORD your God is giving you for all time.

1:11:1 PreamblePreamble

1:61:6 Historical PrologueHistorical Prologue

5:15:1StipulationsStipulations

12:112:1

Ten Ten CommandmentsCommandmentsRelated Related CommandmentsCommandments

27:127:1 Blessings & CursingsBlessings & Cursings

31:131:1 SuccessionSuccession

Deuteronomy 5:1 Deuteronomy 5:1 Then Moses summoned all

Israel and said to them: “Hear, O Israel, the statutes and the ordinances which I am speaking today in your hearing, that you may learn them and observe them carefully.”

Deuteronomy 5:1 Deuteronomy 5:1 Then Moses summoned all

Israel and said to them: “Hear, O Israel, the statutes and the ordinances which I am speaking today in your hearing, that you may learn them and observe them carefully.”

rmrm;v';v'

ShamarShamar

Toward God

• No other Gods

• No idols

• God’s name is to be holy

• The Sabbath

• Respect for parents

• No murder

• No adultery

• No stealing

• No false witness

• No coveting

Toward Men

All of these Laws…All of these Laws…

• Are Perfect

• Are Spiritual– While some of them resemble laws of

society, they far surpass those laws in their intent (see what Jesus had to say about the Law in His Sermon on the Mount).

All of these Laws…All of these Laws…

• Are Perfect

• Are Spiritual

• Have a corresponding corollary– When a duty is commanded, there is

a contrary sin which is forbidden; when a sin is forbidden, there is a contrary duty which is being commanded.

All of these Laws…All of these Laws…

• Are Perfect

• Are Spiritual

• Have a corresponding corollary

• Are not merely a moral code; they are also covenantal stipulations– They contain cursing and blessing

formulas interspersed throughout the commands.

Deuteronomy 5:7 Deuteronomy 5:7 You shall have no other gods

before Me.

Does this command Does this command acknowledge the acknowledge the

existence of other gods?existence of other gods?

This command forbids…This command forbids…

• Atheism

• Idolatry

• Materialism

• Spiritual carelessness

Deuteronomy 5:7 Deuteronomy 5:7 You shall have no other gods before Me.

• Selfishness

• Pride

• Unbelief

• Is a form of spiritual adultery Is a form of spiritual adultery (Jeremiah 3:8-10)(Jeremiah 3:8-10)

• Is the natural outgrowth of Is the natural outgrowth of rebellion against God rebellion against God (Romans 1:212-23)(Romans 1:212-23)

Deuteronomy 5:8 Deuteronomy 5:8 You shall not make for yourself

an idol, or any likeness of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth.

Deuteronomy 5:9-10 Deuteronomy 5:9-10 You shall not worship them or

serve them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, and on the third and the fourth generations of those who hate Me, 10 but showing lovingkindness to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments.

Deuteronomy 5:11 Deuteronomy 5:11 You shall not take the name of

the LORD your God in vain, for the LORD will not leave him unpunished who takes His name in vain.

• The using of the Lord’s name in a vulgar or common way.

• The taking of God’s name in a light or jesting way.

• Insincere prayer.

• The violation of our oaths and vows.

Deuteronomy 5:12-14 Deuteronomy 5:12-14 Observe the sabbath day to

keep it holy, as the LORD your God commanded you. 13 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 14 but the seventh day is a sabbath of the LORD your God; in it you shall not do any work…

Exodus 20:11

For in six days the LORD made the

heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in them, and rested on

the seventh day; therefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day and made it holy.

Deuteronomy 5:15

You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God

brought you out of there by a mighty hand and

by an outstretched arm; therefore the LORD

your God commanded you to observe the

sabbath day.

Deuteronomy 5:16 Deuteronomy 5:16 Honor your father and your

mother, as the LORD your God has commanded you, that your days may be prolonged and that it may go well with you on the land which the LORD your God gives you.

The last five of the commandments are joined together with the waw

conjunctive (“and”).

• No murder!

• And no adultery!

• And no stealing!

• And no bearing of false witness!

• And no coveting…

Deuteronomy 5Deuteronomy 5 Deuteronomy 6Deuteronomy 6

Deuteronomy 6:1Deuteronomy 6:1Now this is the commandment,

the statutes and the judgments which the LORD your God has commanded me to teach you, that you might do them in the land where you are going over to possess it…

Deuteronomy 6:2Deuteronomy 6:2…so that you and your son and your grandson might fear the LORD your God, to keep all His statutes and His commandments which I command you, all the days of your life, and that your days may be prolonged.

Deuteronomy 6:4Deuteronomy 6:4Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our

God, the LORD is one!

laer"f.yI laer"f.yI [m;v.[m;v.

Shema Israel!Shema Israel!

Deuteronomy 6:4Deuteronomy 6:4Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our

God, the LORD is one!

dx'a, hw"hy> dx'a, hw"hy> Wnyhel{a/ Wnyhel{a/ hw"hy> hw"hy>

Adonai Eluhenu, Adonai echadAdonai Eluhenu, Adonai echad

Deuteronomy 6:4Deuteronomy 6:4Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our

God, the LORD is one!

Deuteronomy 6:5Deuteronomy 6:5You shall love the LORD your

God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might.

““This is the great and foremost This is the great and foremost commandment” (Matthew 22:38).commandment” (Matthew 22:38).

Deuteronomy 6:5Deuteronomy 6:5You shall love the LORD your

God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might.

Deuteronomy 6:5Deuteronomy 6:5You shall love the LORD your

God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might.

But whoever has the world’s goods, But whoever has the world’s goods, and beholds his brother in need and and beholds his brother in need and

closes his heart against him, how closes his heart against him, how does the love of God abide in him? does the love of God abide in him?

(1 John 3:17).(1 John 3:17).

Deuteronomy 6:6-7Deuteronomy 6:6-7These words, which I am

commanding you today, shall be on your heart. 7 You shall teach them diligently to your sons and shall talk of them when you sit in your house and when you walk by the way and when you lie down and when you rise up.

Deuteronomy 6:8Deuteronomy 6:8You shall bind

them as a sign on your hand and they shall be as frontals on your forehead.

Deuteronomy 6:9Deuteronomy 6:9You shall write them

on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.

Deuteronomy 5Deuteronomy 5 Deuteronomy 6Deuteronomy 6 Deuteronomy 7Deuteronomy 7

Deuteronomy 7:1Deuteronomy 7:1When the LORD your God

brings you into the land where you are entering to possess it, and clears away many nations before you, the Hittites and the Girgashites and the Amorites and the Canaanites and the Perizzites and the Hivites and the Jebusites, seven nations greater and stronger than you…

Deuteronomy 7:2Deuteronomy 7:2…and when the LORD your God delivers them before you and you defeat them, then you shall utterly destroy them. You shall make no covenant with them and show no favor to them.

~yrIx]T; ~yrIx]T; ~rEx]h;~rEx]h; ~r~r

;x';x'

From the root wordFrom the root word

““Devoted”Devoted”((charamcharam))

Deuteronomy 7:3-4Deuteronomy 7:3-4Furthermore, you shall not

intermarry with them; you shall not give your daughters to their sons, nor shall you take their daughters for your sons. 4 For they will turn your sons away from following Me to serve other gods; then the anger of the LORD will be kindled against you and He will quickly destroy you.

Deuteronomy 7:5Deuteronomy 7:5But thus you

shall do to them: you shall tear down their altars, and smash their sacred pillars, and hew down their Asherim, and burn their graven images with fire.

Deuteronomy 7:6Deuteronomy 7:6For you are a holy people to the

LORD your God; the LORD your God has chosen you to be a people for His own possession out of all the peoples who are on the face of the earth.

Deuteronomy 7:7-8Deuteronomy 7:7-8The LORD did not set His love

on you nor choose you because you were more in number than any of the peoples, for you were the fewest of all peoples, 8 but because the LORD loved you and kept the oath which He swore to your forefathers, the LORD brought you out by a mighty hand and redeemed you from the house of slavery, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt.

Deuteronomy 7:9-10Deuteronomy 7:9-10Know therefore that the LORD

your God, He is God, the faithful God, who keeps His covenant and His lovingkindness to a thousandth generation with those who love Him and keep His commandments; 10 but repays those who hate Him to their faces, to destroy them; He will not delay with him who hates Him, He will repay him to his face.

Deuteronomy 7:11Deuteronomy 7:11Therefore, you shall keep the

commandment and the statutes and the judgments which I am commanding you today, to do them.

Land was sworn to forefathers; obey Land was sworn to forefathers; obey the Lord today (8:1).the Lord today (8:1).

Lessons in the wilderness (8:2-6).Lessons in the wilderness (8:2-6).

You shall remember all the way which the You shall remember all the way which the LORD your God has led you in the LORD your God has led you in the

wilderness these forty years, that He might wilderness these forty years, that He might humble you, testing you, to know what was humble you, testing you, to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep His in your heart, whether you would keep His commandments or not. (Deuteronomy 8:2).commandments or not. (Deuteronomy 8:2).

Land was sworn to forefathers; obey Land was sworn to forefathers; obey the Lord today (8:1).the Lord today (8:1).

Lessons in the wilderness (8:2-6).Lessons in the wilderness (8:2-6).The land before you is good (8:7-9).The land before you is good (8:7-9).

You will eat and be satisfied (8:10).You will eat and be satisfied (8:10).Do not forget the Lord (8:11).Do not forget the Lord (8:11).

You will eat and be satisfied (8:12).You will eat and be satisfied (8:12).The land before you is good (8:12-14).The land before you is good (8:12-14).

Lessons in the wilderness (8:15-17).Lessons in the wilderness (8:15-17).God swore to your fathers; remember God swore to your fathers; remember the Lord today (8:18).the Lord today (8:18).

Deuteronomy 8:3Deuteronomy 8:3He humbled you and let you be

hungry, and fed you with manna which you did not know, nor did your fathers know, that He might make you understand that man does not live by bread alone, but man lives by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of the LORD.

IsraelIsraelLed into the wilderness

JesusJesusLed into the wilderness

40 years 40 days

God let them be hungry, but then fed

them with manna

God let Him be hungry, but then the

angels came and ministered to Him

Worshiped idols Refused Satan’s temptation

Jesus is the Jesus is the better Israel better Israel who obeyed who obeyed

God and who God and who died so that we died so that we can enter the can enter the

promised land.promised land.

No other gods No other gods before Mebefore Me

Chapter 6 Exclusive worship Exclusive worship of the Lordof the Lord

No idolsNo idols Chapter 7Warning against Warning against the idols of the the idols of the

CanaanitesCanaanites

Do not take the Do not take the Lord’s name in Lord’s name in

vainvainChapter 8 Beware lest you Beware lest you

forget the Lordforget the Lord

Remember the Remember the SabbathSabbath

Chapter 9Remember what Remember what

God did for you in God did for you in the wildernessthe wilderness

Deuteronomy 9:1-2Deuteronomy 9:1-2Hear, O Israel! You are crossing

over the Jordan today to go in to dispossess nations greater and mightier than you, great cities fortified to heaven, 2 a people great and tall, the sons of the Anakim, whom you know and of whom you have heard it said, “Who can stand before the sons of Anak?”

Deuteronomy 9:3Deuteronomy 9:3Know therefore today that it is

the LORD your God who is crossing over before you as a consuming fire. He will destroy them and He will subdue them before you, so that you may drive them out and destroy them quickly, just as the LORD has spoken to you.

Deuteronomy 9:4Deuteronomy 9:4Do not say in your heart when

the LORD your God has driven them out before you, “Because of my righteousness the LORD has brought me in to possess this land,” but it is because of the wickedness of these nations that the LORD is dis-possessing them before you.

And because of the And because of the oath God sworeoath God swore

Not because of Not because of Israel’s Israel’s

righteousnessrighteousness

But because of But because of the Canaanites’ the Canaanites’

sinfulnesssinfulness

Israel’s past history of rebellionIsrael’s past history of rebellion

• The Lord gave the tablets of the covenantThe Lord gave the tablets of the covenant

• The Israelites made a golden calfThe Israelites made a golden calf

• Moses interceded for Israel and for AaronMoses interceded for Israel and for Aaron

• The Israelites rebelled on other occasionsThe Israelites rebelled on other occasions

• Moses interceded for the peopleMoses interceded for the people

• God gave two replacement tabletsGod gave two replacement tablets

Deuteronomy 10:14-15Deuteronomy 10:14-15Behold, to the LORD your God

belong heaven and the highest heavens, the earth and all that is in it. 15 Yet on your fathers did the LORD set His affection to love them, and He chose their descendants after them, even you above all peoples, as it is this day.

[r'[r'z<z<

ZeraZera (“seed”) (“seed”)

Deuteronomy 10:16Deuteronomy 10:16So circumcise your heart, and

stiffen your neck no longer.

Deuteronomy 10:16Deuteronomy 10:16So circumcise your heart, and

stiffen your neck no longer.

Moreover the LORD your God will Moreover the LORD your God will circumcise your heart and the heart circumcise your heart and the heart

of your descendants, to love the of your descendants, to love the LORD your God with all your heart LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, so that you and with all your soul, so that you

may live (Deuteronomy 30:6).may live (Deuteronomy 30:6).

Deuteronomy 11:8Deuteronomy 11:8You shall therefore

keep every commandment which I am commanding you today, so that you may be strong and go in and possess the land into which you are about to cross to possess it…

Deuteronomy 11:9Deuteronomy 11:9…so that you may prolong your days on the land which the LORD swore to your fathers to give to them and to their descendants, a land flowing with milk and honey.

Deuteronomy 11:24Deuteronomy 11:24Every place on

which the sole of your foot treads shall be yours; your border will be from the wilderness to Lebanon, and from the river, the river Euphrates, as far as the western sea.

Deuteronomy 11:26-28Deuteronomy 11:26-28See, I am setting before you

today a blessing and a curse: 27 the blessing, if you listen to the commandments of the LORD your God, which I am commanding you today; 28 and the curse, if you do not listen to the commandments of the LORD your God, but turn aside from the way which I am commanding you today, by following other gods which you have not known.

Deuteronomy 11:29Deuteronomy 11:29It shall come about, when the

LORD your God brings you into the land where you are entering to possess it, that you shall place the blessing on Mount Gerizim and the curse on Mount Ebal.

Deuteronomy 11:31-32Deuteronomy 11:31-32For you are about to cross the

Jordan to go in to possess the land which the LORD your God is giving you, and you shall possess it and live in it, 32 and you shall be careful to do all the statutes and the judgments which I am setting before you today.