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The English Establish 13 Colonies, 1585–1732. The English colonies developed in North America, and colonists learned from and conflicted with Native Americans. Detail of Squanto teaching Pilgrims how to grow corn. NEXT. The English Establish 13 Colonies, 1585–1732. SECTION 1. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Detail of Squanto teaching Pilgrims how to grow corn.
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The English Establish 13 Colonies, 1585–1732
The English colonies developed in North America, and colonists learned from and conflicted with Native Americans.
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SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
Early Colonies Have Mixed Success
New England Colonies
Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies
The English Establish 13 Colonies, 1585–1732
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Two early English colonies failed, but Jamestown survived—partly through individual effort and hard work.
Section 1
Early Colonies Have Mixed Success
The English Plan Colonies
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• After defeat of Spanish Armada, England focuses on colonizing Americas
1SECTION
• English geographer Richard Hakluyt urges England to start a colony - colonies would provide market for English
exports - colonies would serve as source of raw
materials - colonies would establish Protestant faith in
Americas
Early Colonies Have Mixed Success
Continued . . .
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1SECTION
• English colonists go to Americas to:- seek economic opportunity - escape religious persecution
continued The English Plan Colonies
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1SECTION
• Sir Walter Raleigh begins colony on Roanoke Island, Virginia (1585)
• Sagadahoc colony begins (1607); face hardships, return to England
• 2nd Roanoke colony begins (1587); colonists disappear; reason unknown
• Native Americans stop colonists’ food supply; survivors return to England
Two Early Colonies Fail
Map
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1SECTION
• Sir Walter Raleigh is only person who finances colony at Roanoke
• Company is backed by investors
• To raise money for colonies, turn to the joint-stock company
• When colony fails, he loses his investment
• Investors split profits, divide losses
• Each investor receives pieces of company ownership
Financing a Colony
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Continued . . .
continued Financing a Colony
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• Organize Virginia Company of London, Virginia Company of Plymouth
• Given charter—government contract; holder has right to establish colony
Jamestown Is Founded in 1607
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• Virginia Company of London finances expedition to Chesapeake Bay
• Settlers incorrectly told they would find gold, waste time searching
• Settlers face disease, harsh weather • Expedition starts Jamestown settlement
Jamestown Grows
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• By January 1608, only 38 colonists remain alive
• More settlers arrive (1610); governor Lord De La Warr imposes discipline
• 800 more settlers arrive (1609), face hardships, only 60 survive
• John Smith establishes colonial discipline, trade with Powhatan tribe
• Colonists become employees of Virginia Company, want share of profits
• Colonists learn to grow tobacco; product becomes popular in England
Continued . . .NEXT
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1SECTION
• Virginia Company lets settlers own land
• Colonists annoyed with strict rule of governor, want more local control
• Indentured servants arrive:- they sell their labor to person who pays their
passage - after a few years, they are free to farm or take up a trade
• Population of Virginia jumps from about 600 (1619) to over 2,000 (1621)
• Set up House of Burgesses—first representative assembly in American colonies
continued Jamestown Grows
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Conflicts with the Powhatan
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• As more settlers take land, relations with Powhatan tribe grow worse
• Expanding plantations cause Powhatan to kill many settlers (1622)
• Uneasy peace; colonists learn to grow corn, catch fish from Powhatan
• To improve relations, John Rolfe marries chief’s daughter, Pocahontas
Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676
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• By 1670s, one-fourth of white men in English colonies are indentured servants
• Demands Berkeley to approve war against Native Americans to seize land
• Nathaniel Bacon accuses Governor William Berkeley of favoring wealthy
• They resent wealthy landowners
• Berkeley’s refusal sparks Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
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Continued . . .NEXT
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1SECTION
• Bacon, followers take control of House of Burgesses; burn Jamestown
• House of Burgesses pass laws: - prevent governor from taking so much power
• Bacon dies; Berkeley hangs Bacon’s followers
continued Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676
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Religion influenced the settlement and government of the New England colonies.
Section 2
New England Colonies
The Voyage of the Mayflower
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2SECTION
• Pilgrims—Separatist religious group; separate from Church of England
• To establish order they sign the Mayflower Compact: - vow to obey laws agreed upon for the good
of the colony - establishes idea of self-government, majority
rule
• Pilgrims land at Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)
• To escape persecution, they sail to Americas
New England Colonies
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Image
The Pilgrims Found Plymouth
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2SECTION
• Pilgrims endure hardships; half of group dies by spring
• Squanto shows Pilgrims how to plant, hunt, fish
• Squanto sets up peace treaty between Pilgrims and Native Americans
• Make friends with Squanto, a Pawtuxet
• Pilgrims, Native Americans celebrate harvest—first Thanksgiving
• Pilgrims trade with Native Americans, send lumber to England for profit
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The Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay
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• Puritans—religious group, wants to reform Church of England
• 1,000 Puritans arrive at Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)
• This movement of Puritans is known as the Great Migration
• To escape persecution, many Puritans sail to Americas (1630—1640)
• They are well prepared; do not starve • First governor John Winthrop sets up a
commonwealth
The New England Way
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• Basic unit of the commonwealth is congregation:- group of people who belong to same church- each congregation sets up own town - each town has a form of self-government
• Puritans follow the “New England Way”:- emphasizes duty, godliness, hard work,
honesty- work ethic helps growth of New England colonies - requires that all children learn to read
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Continued . . .NEXT
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2SECTION
• Puritan congregations set up new colonies
continued The New England Way
• Thomas Hooker adopts Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639): - extends voting rights to non-church
members - limits power of governor - expands idea of representative government
• Portsmouth is first European settlement in New Hampshire
Map
Challenges to Puritan Leaders
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2SECTION
• Massachusetts minister Roger Williams opposes “New England Way”
• Anne Hutchinson believes person can worship without church, Bible
• This colony guarantees religious freedom, separation of church/state
• Forced to leave colony, he founds colony of Rhode Island (1636)
• Quakers believe person can know God through “inner light”
• Also believe in treating Native Americans fairly, persecuted for this
King Philip’s War
2SECTION
• Growing tensions over land between colonists, Native Americans
• Europeans and Native Americans define land ownership differently: - to Europeans, land can be owned by
individuals - to Native Americans, land belongs to
everyone
Continued . . .NEXT
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2SECTION
• King Philip’s War (1675—1676)—war between Puritans, Native Americans
• Native Americans lose war, are forced to become laborers
continued King Philip’s War
• English settlers expand farther into Native American lands
Chart
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2SECTION
• By late 1600s, societal changes lead to fear, suspicion in New England
• Pretending to be bewitched, girls falsely accuse others of witchcraft
• Witch-hunts begin (1692); more than 100 people are arrested, tried
The Salem Witchcraft Trials
• 20 found guilty and put to death • Panic short-lived; experience shows how
society can make scapegoats
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The founding of the Middle and Southern colonies provided settlers with many economic opportunities.
Section 3
Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies
The Middle Colonies
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• Middle colonies—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
3SECTION
• Are located between New England and Chesapeake region
Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies
• Religious freedom attracts many groups • Conditions favorable for shipping, commerce,
farming, livestockImage
New Netherland Becomes New York
3SECTION
• Dutch settlers found New Netherland (1624)
• Many different settlers arrive - 23 Jews (1654)- Africans come as slaves and indentured
servants - Puritans
• Each patroon brings 50 settlers; receives land grant, special privileges
• Includes Hudson River valley, Long Island, land along Delaware River
Continued . . .NEXT
continued New Netherland Becomes New York
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3SECTION
• New Netherland’s governor Peter Stuyvesant attacks New Sweden
• New Netherland surrenders to English (1664)
• Wants to add land to New Netherland; New Sweden surrenders (1655)
• Becomes proprietary colony—Duke of York is proprietor, or owner
• England’s king wants Duke of York to drive Dutch out of New Netherland - Dutch colonies threaten England’s trade- Dutch colonies geographically divide the English colonies
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
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• Duke of York gives part of claim, province of New Jersey, to friends
• To repay debts, English king gives large piece of land to Penn (1681)
• American landowner William Penn joins religious group—Quakers
• Promise settlers religious freedom, land grants, representative assembly
Continued . . .NEXT
continued New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
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3SECTION
• William Penn uses land to create colony of Pennsylvania for Quakers: - welcomes different religious, ethnic groups- treats Native Americans fairly - becomes wealthy colony
• Southern counties of Pennsylvania form own colony of Delaware
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The Southern Colonies
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3SECTION
• Southern colonies—Maryland, the Carolinas, Georgia
• Conditions good for warm-weather crops: tobacco, rice, indigo
• West border is Appalachian Mountains; east border is Atlantic Ocean
Map
Maryland and the Carolinas
3SECTION
• Lord Baltimore establishes Maryland for Roman Catholics (1632)
• Colony of Carolina (1663) grows rice, indigo; use enslaved African labor
• Maryland’s economy is based on tobacco
• Maryland passes Toleration Act—promises freedom of religion
• Sell Native Americans into slavery; conflicts between colonists, tribes
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Continued . . .NEXT
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3SECTION
• Colonists overthrow Carolina’s proprietary rule
• Colony divides into North Carolina and South Carolina
• Carolina becomes royal colony—rule by king-appointed governor
continued Maryland and the Carolinas
Georgia
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3SECTION
• James Oglethorpe founds Georgia as refuge for debtors (1732)
• Oglethorpe’s strict rules upset colonists
• English, Germans, Swiss, Scottish settle Georgia; all religions welcome
• During English-Spanish war, Spain tries to oust English colonists, but fails
• In response, king makes Georgia a royal colony in 1752
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