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““Principles of Design” Principles of Design” organizeorganize the parts the parts of a composition, of a composition,
bringing clarity, coherence and meaning.bringing clarity, coherence and meaning...
Introduction to Art
Woodcut by Tom Killian
COMPOSITIONCOMPOSITION
“…the placement or arrangement of visual elements or ingredients in a work of art… as distinct from the subject of a work. It can be
thought of as the organization of the elements of form according to the principles of design.”
(derived from Wikipedia definition)
Effective use of Effective use of design principles design principles • holds the viewer’s attention; adds interest
• directs the viewer’s eye into and around the composition
• makes the composition more understandable, more “readable”
• creates effects of mood, emotional tone or expression
Some PRINCIPLES of DESIGN:
Balance (Harmony, Unity)Variety (Contrast)
Repetition (Rhythm, Pattern)Movement and DirectionEmphasis (Focal Point[s])
TensionComplexity & Simplicity
Proportion
BALANCE:
Jacob Lawrence
Frank Lloyd Wright
equilibrium achieved through placement of colors, values,
shapes, masses or weight.
SYMMETRICAL BALANCEGilbert and George
Symmetrically balanced compositions, divisible intomatching parts, tend to be more static and decorative.
Marc Quinn (marble)
Jay DeFeo “The Rose”
Victor Vasarely
RADIALBALANCE
Zechin Japanese wood-cut print
ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE Compositions arranged with asymmetrical
balance tend to be more dynamic, formally andemotionally, and to suggest more spatial depth.
Giorgio Dechirico
What qualities in a composition lead to
UNITY or
HARMONY?
--- repetition of similar colors, shapes, lines, textures, images or materials, throughout a composition
--- formal elements arranged to lead the viewer’s eye AROUND and throughout the composition
Pablo Picasso
H
VARIETYRobert Rauschenberg
Hieronymus Bosch (15th c.)Jessica Stockholder
Differences of color, shape, material, etc. add interest and move the viewer’s attention
around a composition.
CONTRAST(of color, form and texture, for example)
command a viewer’s attention,and may contribute to an illusion of depth.
VALUE CONTRAST
Rembrandt
Claude Monet
clarifies forms and edges,makes a composition more
readable, may contribute to a sense of depth (space) and may
add a sense of drama.Kerry James Marshall
REPETITIONREPETITIONCambodia
of shapes, colors, images, etc. can unify and create of shapes, colors, images, etc. can unify and create a sense of rhythm in a composition.a sense of rhythm in a composition.
Francesco Clemente
Movement
Jackson Pollock
the look and feeling of action; also, form leading the viewer’s gaze in a
particular direction.
Peter Paul Rubens16th-17th c.
Umberto Boccioni
Marcel Duchamp
Movement and Direction:
Jacques Louis David
John Bartlett
Andrew Wyeth
HORIZONTAL lines suggest calm, quiet, stasis.
Jan Van Eyck
Samuel Bak
VERTICALlines may evoke a
sense of forcefulness,power or stability.
What creates a FOCAL POINT or area of EMPHASIS, to which our attention is drawn?
Diego Velasquez
• directional, pointing (or “framing”) lines
• areas of greater detail & complexity
• contrast of colors, values, textures or shapes
• central placement of imagery
• recognizable imagery
TENSION
Richard Serra
Tension may be evoked through precariousbalance, ambiguity of forms,or a “tense” quality of mark-making.
“ a controlled dramatic or dynamic quality” eb.com
Jean Michel Basquiat AlisonSaar
Kasimir Malevich
Economy / SimplicityOnly what is essential to the expression is utilized.
Japan 18th c.
Cyclades3300-2000 BC
Judy Pfaff sculptural installation
COMPLEXITYCOMPLEXITY--- abundance or even excess --- abundance or even excess of visual information or detailof visual information or detail
Audrey Flack oil painting
Parthenon, Greece
Roselyn Delisle ceramic vessel
PROPORTION --- the relation of parts
to the whole and parts to each other.
Max Ernstfrottage drawingscreated using rubbings over textured surfaces.
Student Graphite Pencil Drawings
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