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Kathmandu University Green Hydrogen Lab www.ghlab.ku.edu.np 1
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROGEN
TRANSMISSION AND REFUELING STATION FOR
DEMONSTRATIVE PURPOSEProject Objectives: 1. To study in detail about the hydrogen transmission and
refueling stations along with the components required.
2. To develop a system design considering its feasibility andsafety counterparts along with the selection of components.
3. To optimize and assemble the various components of arefueling station for demonstrative purposes.
Mridul Bhattaraimridulbtri7@gmail.
com
Supervisor:
Biraj Singh Thapa, Asst. Prof. and Team Leader,
Green Hydrogen Lab, DoME
Relevance to Green Hydrogen Lab priorities1. To develop foundations for developing green hydrogen eco-system in
Nepal.2. To develop lab-scale hydrogen refueling and transportation system
thereby developing research paper for commercialization of the system.
3. To support a pilot project for distribution of green hydrogen fuel for its commercial use in transportation.
Shrayad Chapagaincomplicatedchaps@gm
ail.com
Sangam Limbusangamlimbu4@gmail.
com
Associated Team:Third Year, Automobile, DoME
Project Work Schedule
Co-Supervisor:
Bishwash Neupane, Research Asst.
Green Hydrogen Lab, DoMEAbin Thapathapa10abin@gmail.co
m
Kathmandu University Green Hydrogen Lab www.ghlab.ku.edu.np
Progress Presentation- Month of April
Picture(s): The relevant reference/ Overall
Progress/ New findings
Work Summary
No. of hours worked during the month: 30 hours (10 active days)
Interesting Facts Found: During refueling, the vehicle is earthed by an earthing cable to
avoid sparks caused by static electricity.
By the end of 2019, there were 470 hydrogen refueling stations
under operation worldwide. This number is expected to reach
10,000 by the year 2030.
Fig: Hydrogen Storage Tank
Kathmandu University Green Hydrogen Lab www.ghlab.ku.edu.np
Work Summary
WP Major associated
activities
Achievements Work Remaining Reason for deviation
1.1 Literature:
Development of
hydrogen technology
in refueling and
transportation sector
globally
Studied about globally available
hydrogen refuelling stations
which helped us to mark the
position of hydrogen fuel cell
technology in the present world.
• Collected data about the capacity
of various refuelling stations
around the world; also their
installation and maintenance cost,
safety precautions incorporated
along with risk factors.
• Further study on
risk factors and
their corresponding
safety precautions.
• Lack of proper papers
about the safety system in
hydrogen refuelling
station.
Kathmandu University Green Hydrogen Lab www.ghlab.ku.edu.np
Work SummaryWP Major associated
activities
Achievements Work Remaining Reason for deviation
1.2 Study about the
system components
required (Storage
tanks, compressor,
dispensers, etc.),
their specifications
and their working
mechanism.
• Studied working mechanisms of
compressor and refrigeration
system.
• Selected suitable compressor(35
Mpa), Hydrogen tank(200 L),
refrigeration system(cascade)
and dispenser(35 Mpa).
• Selection of other
auxiliary
components such
as: Hydrogen leak
detection sensor,
pipes, hoses,
pressure gauge,
etc.
• Since the selection of
auxiliary components
depends on the size of
main components, they
can only be selected after
finalizing main
components
specifications.
Kathmandu University Green Hydrogen Lab www.ghlab.ku.edu.np
On-Going Activities
WP Major associated activities Achievements
2.2 Feasibility test and detailed study on safety
protocols and measures. Findings on cause of leakages and common mistakes
made during transmission
Knowledge on losses during transmission such as boil-
off loss, venting loss
Kathmandu University Green Hydrogen Lab www.ghlab.ku.edu.np 8
Study and Finding
• Hydrogen refueling stations and gasoline refueling
stations are somewhat alike except the extra safety
measures we should focus on in hydrogen station.
• Hydrogen can be produces off site or on site. The off site
produced hydrogen is transported via pipe lines,
cryogenic liquid tanker truck or gaseous tube trailers, or
by rail or barge.
• The high diffusibility, extremely low density and broad
inflammability range of hydrogen makes it more risky
fuel and proper safety measures has to be accompanied
during refueling and its transportation.
• Figure alongside shows the percentage of hydrogen
refueling stations in Asia, Europe and North America by
the end of 2019.
41%
42%
17%
Chart Title
Europe
Asia
North America
Kathmandu University Green Hydrogen Lab www.ghlab.ku.edu.np
Thermal Compression In HRS vs Conventional compression in HRS
Based on a report on Hydrogen Fueling Station using Thermal compression by “Kenneth
Kriha”, “Yanti Wang”. The overall cost of the system was reduced to by 6% for achieving the
same result as with conventional system.
It is because, a thermal compression system doesn’t uses a compressor and refrigeration chiller.
9
Kathmandu University Green Hydrogen Lab www.ghlab.ku.edu.np
Causes of Leakages
• Leakages due to damages, fracture and fatigue of
components
• Leakages from valves, seals, fittings
• Leakages due to human error and external impact
Safety Measures
• Early Identification of Safety Expertise
• Compliance with regulations, codes, and standards
• Implement Best Safety Practice
• Flame detection and safety sensors
10
Kathmandu University Green Hydrogen Lab www.ghlab.ku.edu.np
Learnings and Way ForwardLearnings
• Common risks factors in hydrogen refueling station and the safety precautions to confront against them.
• Different methods of gas compression and the working mechanism of diaphragm compressor, in particular.
• We also learned about hydrogen embrittlement and contamination due to chemical reaction.
Way Forward
• To perform further risk assessment and study the safety precautions to be embraced.
• To generate a detailed working map with all the mathematical calculations and specifications.
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