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•Description – hot and wet throughout the year.
•Precipitation Wet – 80 + inches a year - Rains daily
• Temperatures about 80 all year
• vegetation - Lush and diverse – 6% of earth, but more than half the plant and animal species.
•Canopy – layers of broadleaf evergreen trees. Leaching – continuous rain pulls the nutrients out of the soil (not arable)
Amazon River Basin
Congo River Basin
Indonesia
•Description – grassland with distinct dry and wet seasons. Winter is dry.
•Summers have 20 – 100 inches of precipitation a year. Winter is dry. Dry season is dramatic.
•High year round temperatures around 80.
•Vegetation – clumps of coarse grass and few trees.
•Llanos of Venezuela
•Caribbean Islands
•Serengeti of Tanzania
• Description – dry, largely treeless grassland.
•Location – Low & mid latitudes. Border deserts & interior of continents (leeward side)
•Precipitation 10 – 20 inches a year
• Vegetation - Grassland with few trees or cactus. Desertification - spread of desert-like conditions to semi-arid areas is a serious problem in the Steppe
Description – dry area with sparse plant life that covers about 1/3 of the world’s land. There are two types of terrain:
reg – desert pavement (gravel, rocks, and sand)
erg – dunes
•Precipitation – 10 in. or less a year
• Temperatures: Desert does not mean hot – it means dry!!! Day and night temperatures vary drastically.
•Vegetation - scrub and cactus Oasis is an area in the desert where water is available.
•Description – ocean winds bring cool summers and damp winters.
• Location – 30-60º on the west coast in N. Hemisphere and east coast in S. Hemisphere. Located on Westerlies.
Precipitation: Ocean air brings abundant rainfall.
• Vegetation: large coniferous – evergreen forests called temperate rainforests and mixed forests - both coniferous and deciduous trees.
•Description – mild, rainy winter and hot sunny summers.
•Precipitation: 15 – 30 in (mostly in the winter)
•Vegetation - Chaparral – underbrush, woody bushes and short trees – cork, olives, grapes, etc. Leathery leaves hold moisture
•Description – short, mild winters and nearly year round rainfall. hurricanes & typhoons.
• HOUSTON is in HST
•Precipitation: year round
Vegetation – fruits, rice, vegetables, inland grasslands, and mixed forests - deciduous and coniferous trees.
•Description - 4 distinct seasons. Storms and continentality - far in the interior of continents influence climate.
•Location - interior mid-latitude in N. Hemisphere
•Temperatures: winters longer as you travel north and inland.
• Vegetation: Agriculture has replaced natural prairie grass, and short coniferous forests.
• Description – bitterly cold winter and short, cool summers.
•Temperatures: Widest temperature range between summers and winters.
•Vegetation: Taiga (Russian word for forest) a boreal forest – needled evergreens.
•Permafrost – only a small layer of the ground thaws.
• Description – very cold with polar night for ½ of the year.
•Location – far north in the northern hemisphere
•Temperature: Cold: rarely above 50° - at least 9 months below freezing – some below 0º
•Vegetation: Short bushes, short grass, mosses, and lichen. permafrost bogs in summer.
• Description – snow and ice cover this area up to 2 miles thick
•Polar night – 6 months a year the sun does not rise above the horizon (24 hours dark)
•Polar desert – moisture in the air does not reach the dew point, so it does not precipitate. Far away from Equator (dry & cold as move away)
•Temperature: Below freezing all year - Many months below zero.
•Vegetation: Possibly lichen and moss
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