Des stratégies pour gérer ou réduire l’occlusion

Des stratégies pour gérer ou réduire l’occlusion

Des stratégies pour réduire l’occlusion

1. Montrer moins de données

2. Utiliser la transparence

3. Réarranger des éléments (e.g. déformation)

4. Utiliser/modifier la caméra

5. Changer la méthode de projection (e.g. non-linéaire)

1. Show Less Data• Slicing and Cutting; Boolean Masks:

• Extracted Subsets and Features:

• “Subsampling” (points, curves, surfaces) …

2. Use Transparency• Surfaces and volumes:

Varying transfer functions

Importance-driven rendering [Viola et al. 2004]

3D magic lenses [Viega et al. 1996]

• 2½D and layer-based techniques:

Macroscope [Lieberman 1997]

Multiblending [Baudisch and Gutwin 2004]

Free-space transparency [Ishak and Feiner 2004]

[Harrison et al. 1996] [Gutwin et al. 2003]

3. Rearrange Elements

• 3D to 3D mappings– Exploded views, splitting open, peeling apart, etc.

• 2D to 2D mappings:focus+context, detail-in-context, fisheye distortion

• Occlusion in 2D

Elastic Windows[Kandogan and Shneiderman 1996]

[Beaudouin-Lafon 2001]

Piles [Mander et al. 1992]

EdgeLens [Wong et al. 2003]

[Bell and Feiner 2000]

• Occlusion in 3D: Rigid Transformations

Agrawala et al. 2003 Li et al. 2004

Sonnet et al. 2004

• Occlusion in 3D: DeformationsSplitting Open:

Soft & hardcover books [Carpendale et al. 1999]

Discontinuous ray deflector[Kurzion and Yagel 1997]

[Chen et al. 2003] [Islam et al. 2004]

Skin peeled from hand[Laidlaw 1995]

• Occlusion in 3D: DeformationsPeeling:

Cutting and peeling virtual food[Owada 2005]

• Occlusion in 3D: DeformationsRadial distortions:

Visual access distortion[Carpendale et al. 1997]

Magnification lens[LaMar et al. 2001]

4. Use Camera Control

StyleCam[Burtnyk et al. 2002]

HoverCam[Khan et al. 2005]

5. Change Projection Method

Flattening of Vascular Structures[Kanitsar et al. 2003]

Nonlinear Virtual Colon Unfolding[Bartrolí et al. 2001]

Sticky Camera [Singh and Balakrishnan 2004][Singh 2002]

Strategies for Reducing Occlusion

1. Show Less Data

2. Use Transparency

3. Rearrange Elements (e.g. deformation)

4. Use Camera Control (e.g. “smart” cameras)

5. Change Projection Method (e.g. non-linear)

Exemple plus récent de l’approche #3 (déformation):

McGuffin, Tancau, et Balakrishnan 2003

[McGuffin et al. 2003]

Our Browsing Tools

1. Hinge Spreader

2. Box Spreader

3. Sphere Expander

4. Leafer

5. Peeler

6. Radial Peeler

Techniques for Browsing Layers

Compression

Fanning

Leafing

Pulling out an individual layer

Peeling

Exploded view

Flipping

The layers to be browsed

1. Hinge Spreader

4. Leafer: Deck-of-Cards Metaphor

4. Leafer – other uses

5. Peeler

Agur and Lee (1999), Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy