Demonstration and promotion of improved crop (bread

Demonstration and Promotion of improved crop (breadwheat, food barley & faba bean) Technologies in

Gumara-Maksegnit watershed

ByAndualem Tadesse

December, 2012

Introduction

• Farmers in the watershed are cultivating traditional,low yielding and disease and pest susceptible varietiesfor most of the crops.

• Despite the availability of improved high yielding anddisease and pest resistant and drought tolerantvarieties developed by NARS and ICARDA, farmers didnot get the opportunity to grow these varieties.

• Thus, introducing high yielding and adaptableimproved crop varieties would increase farmers’productivity and livelihood.

• Farmers in the watershed are cultivating traditional,low yielding and disease and pest susceptible varietiesfor most of the crops.

• Despite the availability of improved high yielding anddisease and pest resistant and drought tolerantvarieties developed by NARS and ICARDA, farmers didnot get the opportunity to grow these varieties.

• Thus, introducing high yielding and adaptableimproved crop varieties would increase farmers’productivity and livelihood.

Introduction (Cont.)

• The project conducted PVS trials on food barley, bread

wheat and faba bean crops in the 2010 cropping

season.

• Vars. selected

Food barley- Estayish and Misrach vars.

Bread wheat- Tay, Alidor and Jiru vars.

Faba bean- Degaga, Welqi and Moti

• The project conducted PVS trials on food barley, bread

wheat and faba bean crops in the 2010 cropping

season.

• Vars. selected

Food barley- Estayish and Misrach vars.

Bread wheat- Tay, Alidor and Jiru vars.

Faba bean- Degaga, Welqi and Moti

Objectives

Then demonstrating and promoting the selectedvars. was conducted to:

• Increase farmers’ productivity by introducing andadopting improved crop varieties

• Enhance farmers’ and development agents’ capacity incrop production and management

Then demonstrating and promoting the selectedvars. was conducted to:

• Increase farmers’ productivity by introducing andadopting improved crop varieties

• Enhance farmers’ and development agents’ capacity incrop production and management

Methodology• Demonstrated vars.- ‘Tay’ of bread wheat, ‘Estayish’ of food

barley, and ‘Degaga’ of faba bean

• Urea for bread wheat applied in 2 split (at planting andafter first weeding) while for food barley it was applied atplanting at once

• All other agronomic practices were done by farmers basedon the recommendation with close assistance from Dasand researchers

Crop type Seed rate: Fertilizer rate:

Bread wheat 150 kg/ha 100 kg/ha DAP and 125 kg/ha Urea

Food barley 125 kg/ha 100 kg/ha DAP and 100 kg/ha Urea

• Demonstrated vars.- ‘Tay’ of bread wheat, ‘Estayish’ of foodbarley, and ‘Degaga’ of faba bean

• Urea for bread wheat applied in 2 split (at planting andafter first weeding) while for food barley it was applied atplanting at once

• All other agronomic practices were done by farmers basedon the recommendation with close assistance from Dasand researchers

Food barley 125 kg/ha 100 kg/ha DAP and 100 kg/ha Urea

Faba bean 100 kg/ha 100 kg/ha DAP

Methodology (Cont.)

• No. of participant farmers 60 (20 for bread wheat, 20for food barley & 20 for faba bean )

• Plot size: 50 m x 50 m on each farmers field (total 15ha)

• FREG established

• Training to 100 farmers (13 female), and 7 extensionpersonnel (2 female) about production technologiesand management of crops

• A total of 162 one page production manual in eachcrop type were prepared and distributed

• Field days held

• No. of participant farmers 60 (20 for bread wheat, 20for food barley & 20 for faba bean )

• Plot size: 50 m x 50 m on each farmers field (total 15ha)

• FREG established

• Training to 100 farmers (13 female), and 7 extensionpersonnel (2 female) about production technologiesand management of crops

• A total of 162 one page production manual in eachcrop type were prepared and distributed

• Field days held

Methodology (Cont.)

Data collected• Farmers feedback

• Sample grain yield collected from demonstration plots& neighboring farmers plots

• Economic data

• Simple descriptive statistics was used to analyze thecollected data

• CIMMYT partial budget and sensitivity analysis wereused to do cost-benefit analysis

Data collected• Farmers feedback

• Sample grain yield collected from demonstration plots& neighboring farmers plots

• Economic data

• Simple descriptive statistics was used to analyze thecollected data

• CIMMYT partial budget and sensitivity analysis wereused to do cost-benefit analysis

Table 1. Grain yield and yield advantage of improvedbread wheat variety (Tay) over farmers’ variety

FarmersYield from

demonstration plots (t/ha)

Yield fromneighborin

g field(t/ha)

Yieldadvantage (t/ha)

Yieldadvantage(%)

LegesseAdugna

3.24 2.20 1.04 47.2

Results & discussion

LegesseAdugna

3.24 2.20 1.04 47.2

HoneAwoke

3.65 2.75 0.9 32.72

LakewAwoke

3.43 2.60 0.83 31.92

GizatAwoke

2.89 2.24 0.65 29.01

Mean 3.30 2.45

Table 2. Grain yield and yield advantage of the improvedfood barley variety (Estayish) over the local variety

FarmerYield fromdemonstrat

ion plots(t/ha)

Yield fromneighboring field(t/ha)

Yieldadvantage (t/ha)

Yieldadvantage(%)

EyayuTadesse

2.2 1.6 0.6 37.5

Results & discussion (Cont.)

Yield fromdemonstrat

ion plots(t/ha)

Yield fromneighboring field(t/ha)

EyayuTadesse

2.2 1.6 0.6 37.5

MuluBerihun

2.9 2.2 0.7 31.8

TigetDessalegn

2.4 1.7 0.7 41.2

DessieGebru

2.6 1.8 0.8 44.4

Mean 2.53 1.83

FarmersYield fromdemonstrat

ion plots(t/ha)

Yield fromneighboring field(t/ha)

Yieldadvantage (t/ha)

Yieldadvantage (%)

Table 3. Grain yield and yield advantage of the improvedfaba bean variety (Degaga) over the local variety

Results & discussion (Cont.)

Yield fromdemonstrat

ion plots(t/ha)

Yield fromneighboring field(t/ha)

MelkamuGetu

1.71 1.32 0.39 29.5

MesafintAmbachew

1.29 0.98 0.31 31.6

Alew Kebede 1.24 0.98 0.26 26.5BirhanuEbabu

1.34 0.86 0.48 55.8

Mean 1.395 1.035

Partial budget analysis was done using– Current fertilizer prices– Current wage price

– Current farm gate price of the grain at planting

for each crop

– Current farm gate price of the grain at harvest

for each crop

– Yield adjusted down by 10% to more accurately

reflect yields obtained under farmers’ harvesting

and threshing

Results & discussion (Cont.)

Partial budget analysis was done using– Current fertilizer prices– Current wage price

– Current farm gate price of the grain at planting

for each crop

– Current farm gate price of the grain at harvest

for each crop

– Yield adjusted down by 10% to more accurately

reflect yields obtained under farmers’ harvesting

and threshing

Results & discussion (Cont.)Table 4 Partial budget analysis

Bread wheat Food barley Faba bean

Local Improved Local Improved Local Improved

Mean GY (kg/ha) 2,450 3,300 1,820 2,520 1,035 1,395

Adj. yield (kg/ha) 2,205 2,970 1,638 2,268 931.5 1,255.5

GFB (ETB/ha) 14,332.5 19,305.00 11,466.00 15,876.00 7,452.00 10,044.00

Fert. costs(ETB/ha) 3,010.75 3,010.75 2,708.00 2,708.00 1,497.00 1,497.00Fert. costs(ETB/ha) 3,010.75 3,010.75 2,708.00 2,708.00 1,497.00 1,497.00

Labor cost (ETB/ha) 1,000.00 1,575.00 1,000.00 1,575.00 0.00 875.00

TCV (ETB/ha) 4,010.75 4,585.75 3,708.00 4,283.00 1497.00 2,372.00

NB (ETB/ha) 10,321.75 14,719.25 7,758.00 11,593.00 5,955.00 7,672.00

MC (ETB/ha) 575.00 575.00 875.00

MNB (ETB/ha) 4,397.50 3,835.00 1,717.00

MRR (%) 764 666 196

Field day participants

• In the field days organized in 2011 on food barley technology 29

farmers, 13 extension workers, 8 researchers participated

• In a field day conducted in 2012

65 farmers (7 female),

7 extension workers (2 female),

G/z district administrator delegate and

4 journalists participated and

the occasion has been broadcasted on Mass media

• In the field days organized in 2011 on food barley technology 29

farmers, 13 extension workers, 8 researchers participated

• In a field day conducted in 2012

65 farmers (7 female),

7 extension workers (2 female),

G/z district administrator delegate and

4 journalists participated and

the occasion has been broadcasted on Mass media

Farmers’ feed back

• Farmers evaluated

• Bread wheat (earliness, biomass, spike length, stalk

strength, seed size and seed color)

• Food barley (Earliness, number of rows per spike, plant

biomass, tillering capacity and water logging

resistance)

• Faba bean (pod setting ability, 3-4 numbers of seeds per

plant, and strong stalk)

• Farmers evaluated

• Bread wheat (earliness, biomass, spike length, stalk

strength, seed size and seed color)

• Food barley (Earliness, number of rows per spike, plant

biomass, tillering capacity and water logging

resistance)

• Faba bean (pod setting ability, 3-4 numbers of seeds per

plant, and strong stalk)

Food barley variety Estayesh

Any one who want this improved variety in the next cropping season?

Conclusion

• This experiment was initiated to familiarize

farmers in Gumara-Maksignet watershed with

improved crop varieties with their production

package

• It was observed that farmers participation in

variety selection has paramount importance

• This experiment was initiated to familiarize

farmers in Gumara-Maksignet watershed with

improved crop varieties with their production

package

• It was observed that farmers participation in

variety selection has paramount importance

Conclusion (cont.)

• The field observations and simple statistical

analysis done showed that the varieties are

better and from farmers feedback relatively fitted

farmers’ interest

• So, Gondar zuria district agriculture office and

other stakeholders should take over the

responsibility from GARC and further scale out

the technologies

• The field observations and simple statistical

analysis done showed that the varieties are

better and from farmers feedback relatively fitted

farmers’ interest

• So, Gondar zuria district agriculture office and

other stakeholders should take over the

responsibility from GARC and further scale out

the technologies

Lesson learned

• PTS makes adoption and dissemination of

certain technologies easy

• To facilitate the rate of adoption, research

and extension should be demand driven and

market oriented

• Linkage between major stakeholders in

technology transfer has paramount

importance

• PTS makes adoption and dissemination of

certain technologies easy

• To facilitate the rate of adoption, research

and extension should be demand driven and

market oriented

• Linkage between major stakeholders in

technology transfer has paramount

importance

Way forward

• Those varieties which were selected by

farmers should be scaled out for wide scale

production

• Strengthening participatory research

approach

• Test other varieties/technologies in the

watershed

• Those varieties which were selected by

farmers should be scaled out for wide scale

production

• Strengthening participatory research

approach

• Test other varieties/technologies in the

watershed