DEFINE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND LIST AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES P. 94

DEFINE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND LIST AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES

P. 94

An observable property of matter that can be determined without

changing the substance.

Ex: color, density, luster, odor, BP, MP

HOW IS A PHYSICAL CHANGE DIFFERENT FROM A

CHEMICAL CHANGE?

P. 94

In a physical change, the substance remains chemically

identical. In a chemical change, a new substance is formed.

DEFINE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

P. 94

Properties that require a change in the chemical

makeup to observe.Ex: flammability

__________ __________, A RUSSIAN CHEMIST

PUBLISHED THE FIRST PERIODIC TABLE IN 1869.

P. 100

Dimitry Mendeleev

DEFINE PHYSICAL CHANGES AND LIST AT

LEAST 3 EXAMPLES.

P. 94

A change results in the same substance in the end.

Ex: ripping paper, changing states of matter

IN THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE, ELEMENTS ARE PLACED IN SEQUENCE

ACCORDING TO ______________________.

P. 102

Increasing atomic number

DEFINE CHEMICAL CHANGES AND LIST AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES.

P. 94

Changes that result in the formation of a new substance with

different propertiesex: burning a piece of paper, frying an egg, food spoiling

DEFINE PERIODS

P. 103

The horizontal rows in the periodic table.

Properties are NOT similar in periods.

DEFINE A GROUP (FAMILY) OF ELEMENTS.

P. 105

Family or group:•Same number of electrons in outer (valence) shell

•Similar chemical properties

Period:Same number of energy levels

IDENTIFY THE ATOMIC NUMBER AND THE AVERAGE

ATOMIC MASS OF THE ELEMENT BELOW

P. 104

7

N14.01

Atomic # is 7Atomic Mass is 14.01

STUDY YOUR PERIODIC TABLE – KNOW THE LOCATION OF THE

METALS, NON METAL AND METALLOIDS

-KNOW THE CHARGES ON THE ELEMENTS IN GROUPS 1A, 2A,

3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A

(NOTES)

+1 +2 +3 +/-4 -3 -2 -1 0

STUDY YOUR ELEMENT FLASH CARDS FROM 1ST

QUARTER OR THE CHART ON P. 97 IN YOUR BOOK

DESCRIBE THE PROPERTIES OF A

METAL

(NOTES)

•Shiny 'metallic' appearance •Solids at room temperature (except mercury)

•High melting points •High densities

•Malleable •Ductile

•Thermal conductors •Electrical conductors

•Electron losers

What are the rules for correctly writing a chemical

symbol.

All have capital letters, some have a capital and a lowercase

letter

Describe the properties of a non metal.

•Poor thermal conductors •Poor electrical conductors

•Brittle solids •Little or no metallic luster

•Gain electrons easily •Most are gases at room temperature

•Vary in color

Using your periodic table, predict the formula for the compound formed from

a. C and F d. Al and S

b. Ca and Br e. Fe+2 and O

c. K and CL f. Fe+3 and O

CF4

CaBr2

KCl

Al2S3

FeOFe2O3

Describe the properties of a metalloid.

They have some properties of metals, some properties of

nonmetals

What is the name of a compound formed when

A. Fe+2 combines with OB. Fe+3 combines with O

P 35

Iron(II)Oxide

Iron(III)Oxide

Cation Anion Formula

Mg+2 OH –

NH+4 NO 3 -

Ca+2 PO4 -3

Cation Anion Formula

Mg+2 OH – Mg(OH)2

NH4+1 NO3 1 - NH4NO3

Ca+2 PO4 -3 Ca3(PO4)2

How does a balanced equation reflect the Law of Conservation of

Matter?

The number of individual atoms of elements on the reactant side must equal the number of atoms in the

product side

Matter can’t be created or destroyed

Name the seven diatomic elements and correctly write their

symbols.

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

2 H2O ___________

^ ____________label the subscript and the coefficient.

2 H2O Subscript

Coefficient

CH4 + 2O2 ---> CO2 + 2H2O

In the above equation, the reactants are found on the _________ side while the products are found on the _________ side of the equation.

In the above equation, the reactants are found on the

LEFT side while the products are found on the RIGHT side of

the equation.

In Chemistry, a _______ is defined as a unit for counting

atoms and molecules.

P 135

MOLE

Complete an atom inventory for the Equation below and use it to

balance the equation. ___ C3H8+ ___O2 ---> ____CO2 + __H2O

__ C3H8+ 5 O2 ---> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O3 C 38 H 8

10 O 6+4=10

There are _____ x _____ particles in one mole of any

substance (Avogadro’s number.)

P 135

There are 6.02x 1023 particles in one mole of any substance

Find the molar mass of : A. N2

B. C2 H22 O11

C. CuFeS2

N2 =14 x2= 28.0g/mole

C12H22O11=144 + 22+ 176=342g/mole

CuFeS2 =63.5+55.8+64.2= 183.5g/molr

Define renewable resources

P 145

Resources that are replenished readily by natural processes

ex: trees, animals, cotton

Determine the % composition of Cu in CuFeS2.

P. 140

63.55/183.54 x100%=34.62% Cu

Define nonrenewable resources.

P 145

Resources that are not easily replenished by nature, or take a long

time to replenishex: crude oil, natural gas, precious

metals

Describe the composition of a U.S. penny

A. Pre- 1982B. Post- 1982

*Review your shrinking it rich labP 96

Pre-1982=all CopperPost-1982= mainly Zinc with a

Copper coating

Define recycling

P 146

changing a product’s form to make a new product

ex: Al cans, glass

Bldg Skills # 5 p.121Answer questions 1 a, b, c and 2

a, b, c,

Define reusing

P 145

Using a product for the same use or another use before it is

discardedex: coffee can as a pencil cup,

2L bottle bird feeder

Define reducing P 145

Cutting down on the amount of material used

ex: reducing thickness of Al cans and car doors, double

sided dittos

A liquid is a state of matter that has definite ________ but no

______________________. It will take and

__________________________.

A liquid is a state of matter that has definite volume but no

definite shape. It will take on the shape of its container

What is a polyatomic ion ?P.33

A ion (charged) made up of many atoms

Define atomName the particles that make up an atom and their location in the

atom.P 32

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains that element’s properties

Proton=+1 charge, in the nucleusNeutron= 0charge, in the nucleusElectron=-1 charge, in the electron cloud around the nucleus

Describe a suspensionP 25

A heterogeneous mixture containing large particles that

settle to the bottom of a container.

Ex: Italian dressing

How is an ion different from an atom? P 32

An atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.

(no overall charge)

An ion has lost or gained electrons to become electrically charged.

(+ or -)

Describe a colloidP 25

A heterogeneous mixture that has small particles that don’t settle out

of the mixture.

It shows the Tyndall effectex: milk

What is a cation? P 33

A positively charged ion resulting from a LOSS of

electrons

Describe a solutionP 25

A homogeneous mixture that is uniform throughout, and appears as if it were one

substance. Ex: salt-water, cool-aid

What is an anion? Pg 33

A negatively charged ion that results from a GAIN of electrons

What is the Tyndall effect and through which type of mixture can you

observe it?

Pg. 25

Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by the particles in a mixture.

It determines a colloid

In a solution, the __________ is the

dissolving agent, and the __________ is the

dissolved substance.

Pg. 45

In a solution, the solvent is the dissolving agent,

and the solute is the dissolved substance.

Describe a polar molecule.

Pg. 51

A polar molecule has an uneven distribution of electrons that gives the molecule + and –

charged regions

Practice making metric conversions. *Remember*

King Henry Died Monday Drinking Chocolate Milk.

Water is a polar substance/solvent. This

means that water will dissolve _______.

Pg. 59

Other polar or ionic substances

Substances that do not dissolve in a polar solvent might be considered to be

_________. This means that they will dissolve in a __________ solvent.

Pg. 59

Substances that do not dissolve in a polar solvent might be

considered to be NONPOLAR This means that they will dissolve in a NONPOLAR

solvent.

Two examples of polar substances that will dissolve

in water are ___________ and _____________.

Pg. 59

Rubbing alcohol and sugar

Two examples of non-polar substances are

____________ and gasoline.

Oil, kerosene, diesel

Likes dissolve __________.

Pg. 59

Like dissolves like

What is the difference between direct and indirect

water use?

Direct is seen water use.Ex: drinking water, bottles water,

washing your dishes

Indirect is unseen (behind the scenes) water use.

Ex: water to grow plants, water to cool machines in the creation of an

egg carton

How is the worlds water supply distributed around the

planet?

Pg. 16

OceansGlaciersGroundwaterLakesAtmosphereRivers

Nature’s water purification system is called the ________

__________.

Pg. 70

Hydrologic cycle or water cycle

Describe the hydrologic cycle.

Pg. 71

Four steps that repeat:Evaporation

CondensationPrecipitation

Runoff (Bacterial action and f)iltration

Review the pH scale on pg. 57

pH 1-7 =acidicpH 7= neutral

pH 7-14= basic

Explain the steps of the water treatment process.

Pg. 72-73

Screening-filtering

Pre-chlorination-kill bacteria

Flocculation-binds to particles

Settling-allow particles to settle out

Sand filtration-fine filtration

Post chlorination-prevent new bacteria

What are THM’s and the problem associated with

them?

Pg. 74

TrihalomethanesFormed by excessive chlorine

usage when they react with organic carbons

They cause cancer

Describe hard water.

Pg. 76

Water that contains Calcium, Iron, and Magnesium

What is gray water?

What is the formula for determining Density?

D= mass/volume

The density of H20 as a liquid is ________ and as a solid is

_________.

The density of H20 as a liquid is 1.00g/ml and as a solid is less

dense than its liquid

Practice reading a solubility curve.

Air is a mixture of gases. Name the major and minor

components of air and the % of these molecules present.

Air is a SOLUTION

N2 =78%O2 = 21%

Ar = less than 1% CO2 =less than 1%

Name the 4 layers of the atmosphere from the ground

up.

What are the properties of a gas?

Air has massAir has volume

Air exerts pressure in all directions

Air pressure goes from high to low

Define pressure and show the formula used to determine

pressure.

Pressure is force per unit of area

P= F/A

What is a force?

What is SI unit for measuring force?

Force is a Push or Pull

Newtons

What values represent standard pressure?

760mmHg, 14.7 psi, 1.0atm…

Explain the Kinetic Theory of Matter.

The motion of a gas is fast and random

The motion of molecules and the spacing between molecules determines the state of matter

Define temperature.

Temp is a measure of molecular motion, when measured in

Kelvin

What values represent (standard) temperature?

0 Celsius or 273 Kelvin

What is the SI unit for temperature?

273 Kelvin

According to Boyles Law, what is the relationship

between pressure and volume at a constant temperature?

Pressure and volume are INVERSELY related

How is Boyles Law stated mathematically?

P1V1 = P2V2

According to Charles Law, what is the relationship between volume and

temperature at a constant pressure?

Volume and temperature are DIRECTLY related

How is Charles Law stated mathematically?

P1/V1 = P2/V2

How is energy from the Sun transmitted to the Earth?

As Electromagnetic Radiation (EM)

Define photons.

Bundles of light energy

What is a wavelength?

Distance between repeating parts of a wave

Describe electromagnetic spectrum.

A range of waves that carry varying amounts of energy from

the sun.

Review the order of the electromagnetic spectrum

from highest energy to lowest energy.

GammaX-Ray

UVVisible

IRMicrowave

Radio

Define frequency

The number of waves that pass a certain point in a second

Name the four layers of the atmosphere.

Define greenhouse effect.

The trapping of IR radiation by the planet, allowing it to be re-

radiated after the sun goes down

The increases in the % of CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere is due to what (two) factors?

DeforestationIndustrialization

Burning of fossil fuelsProduction of concrete

Acid rain is defined as _____________________.

Rain with a pH of below 7.

Produced through the combination of SOx with rain to

make sulfuric acid

Acid rain is caused by sulfur oxides (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). What is the

greatest producer ofA. SO2

B. NOx

Industry is the major cause of each

Earth has an ultraviolet shield high in the stratosphere. It is

called the ________ layer which consists of gaseous

____________ (O3).

Earth has an ultraviolet shield high in the stratosphere. It is

called the OZONE layer which consists of gaseous OZONE

(O3).