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Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SW
A 1
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
Dee
p Sp
ace
Net
wor
k C
apab
ilitie
s for
Rec
eivi
ng W
eak
Prob
e Si
gnal
s
Sam
i Asm
ar
Dou
g Jo
hnst
on
Rob
ert P
rest
on
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Pres
ente
d at
NAS
A Am
es R
esea
rch
Cen
ter
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070014619 2020-07-12T04:51:27+00:00Z
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SW
A 2
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
Abs
trac
t
•Pl
anet
ary
prob
es c
an e
ncou
nter
mis
sion
scen
ario
s whe
re
com
mun
icat
ion
is n
ot fa
vora
ble
durin
g cr
itica
l man
euve
rs
or e
mer
genc
ies
–La
unch
, ini
tial a
cqui
sitio
n, la
ndin
g, tr
ajec
tory
cor
rect
ions
, saf
ing
•C
omm
unic
atio
n ch
alle
nges
due
to su
b-op
timum
ant
enna
poi
ntin
g or
tran
smitt
ed p
ower
, am
plitu
de/fr
eque
ncy
dyna
mic
s, et
c.–
Prev
ent l
ock-
up o
n si
gnal
and
ext
ract
ion
of te
lem
etry
•Ex
ampl
es: l
oss o
f Mar
s Obs
erve
r, nu
tatio
nof
Uly
sses
, Gal
ileo
ante
nna,
Mar
s Pat
hfin
der a
nd M
ars E
xplo
ratio
n R
over
s Ent
ry,
Des
cent
, and
Lan
ding
, and
the
Cas
sini
Sat
urn
Orb
it In
serti
on.
•A
Dee
p Sp
ace
Net
wor
k ca
pabi
lity
to h
andl
e su
ch c
ases
has
bee
n us
ed su
cces
sful
ly to
rece
ive
sign
als t
o ch
arac
teriz
e th
e sc
enar
io•
This
pap
er w
ill d
escr
ibe
the
capa
bilit
y an
d hi
ghlig
ht th
e ca
ses o
f th
e cr
itica
l com
mun
icat
ions
for t
he M
ars r
over
s and
Sat
urn
Orb
itIn
serti
on a
nd p
repa
ratio
n ra
dio
track
ing
of th
e H
uyge
ns p
robe
at
(non
-DSN
) rad
io te
lesc
opes
.
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SW
A 3
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
•Th
e D
eep
Spac
e N
etw
ork
(DSN
) is t
he la
rges
t and
mos
t se
nsiti
ve sc
ient
ific
tele
com
mun
icat
ions
faci
lity
in th
e w
orld
•Pr
imar
y fu
nctio
n: p
rovi
de tw
o-w
ay c
omm
unic
atio
n be
twee
n th
e Ea
rth a
nd sp
acec
raft
expl
orin
g th
e so
lar s
yste
m–
Inst
rum
ente
d w
ith la
rge
para
bolic
refle
ctor
s, hi
gh-p
ower
tra
nsm
itter
s, lo
w-n
oise
am
plifi
ers a
nd re
ceiv
ers,
etc.
•Th
ree
com
plex
es ~
120
deg
rees
apa
rt ar
ound
the
wor
ld a
t G
olds
tone
, Cal
iforn
ia; n
ear M
adrid
, Spa
in; a
nd n
ear C
anbe
rra,
A
ustra
lia
The
Dee
p Sp
ace
Net
wor
k
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SW
A 4
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
P R=
Rec
eive
d po
wer
at r
ecei
ver i
nput
P T=To
tal t
rans
mitt
ed p
ower
(>20
W)
L T= T
rans
mis
sion
Circ
uit l
oss
GT=
Tran
smitt
ing
ante
nna
gain
L TP=
Poin
ting
loss
of t
rans
mitt
ing
ante
nna
L S=sp
ace
loss
(dis
tanc
e sq
uare
d)L A
= A
tmos
pher
ic a
ttenu
atio
nL P=
Pola
rizat
ion
loss
L RP=
Poin
ting
loss
of r
ecei
ving
ant
enna
GR=R
ecei
ving
ant
enna
gai
nL R
= R
ecei
ving
circ
uit l
oss
Can
You
Hea
r Me
Now
?
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SW
A 5
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
DSN
Rad
io S
cien
ce R
ecei
ver
•In
depe
nden
t of t
rack
ing
rece
iver
•O
pen-
loop
dow
n-co
nver
sion
•Tu
ned
by “
pred
icts
” ge
nera
ted
from
nav
igat
ion
info
rmat
ion
•Fr
eque
ncy
pred
ictio
ns g
ener
ated
by
Rad
io S
cien
ce S
yste
ms
Gro
up c
an in
clud
e m
odel
of p
lane
t’s a
tmos
pher
e•
Rem
otel
y op
erat
ed fr
om JP
L•
Feat
ures
–B
ette
r sta
bilit
y–
Cap
ture
sign
al d
ynam
ics
–C
aptu
re m
ulti-
path
–C
hoic
es o
f ban
dwid
th a
nd sa
mpl
ing
–H
ighe
r qua
ntiz
atio
n–
Cre
ativ
e po
st-p
ass p
roce
ssin
g–
Arr
ayin
g–
Tone
pro
cess
ors
–C
aptu
re m
ultip
le sa
mpl
ing
rate
s/ba
ndw
idth
s sim
ulta
neou
sly
–C
aptu
re m
ultip
le p
redi
ct sc
enar
ios s
imul
tane
ousl
y–
Cap
ture
mul
tiple
pol
ariz
atio
ns
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SW
A 6
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
The
Cas
sini
Sat
urn
Orb
it In
sert
ion
Cha
lleng
e
•C
assi
ni la
unch
ed in
199
7 w
ith m
issi
on d
esig
n in
pla
ce•
SOI m
aneu
ver o
ptim
ized
for c
aptu
re w
hile
usi
ng
min
imum
am
ount
of f
uel
–Fu
el is
a v
alua
ble
cons
umab
le fo
r suc
h a
long
mis
sion
–O
ne th
ird o
f fue
l use
d fo
r SO
I eng
ine
burn
•C
omm
unic
atio
ns w
as to
incl
ude
a 5-
hour
s gap
•Pr
oble
ms w
ith o
ther
mis
sion
s afte
r 199
7 cr
eate
d a
new
man
date
: “D
o no
t per
form
crit
ical
man
euve
rs
with
out c
omm
unic
atio
ns”
–Sp
ecia
lly th
e m
ost a
dvan
ced
and
mos
t exp
ensi
ve
inte
rpla
neta
ry sp
acec
raft
•C
assi
ni P
rogr
am a
ppre
ciat
ed v
alue
of i
nfor
mat
ion
in
car
rier s
igna
l onl
y–
Did
not
requ
ire te
lem
etry
•E
xtra
ctin
g a
wea
k ca
rrie
r fro
m n
oise
==>
R
adio
Sci
ence
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SW
A 7
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SW
A 8
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
SOI C
omm
unic
atio
n C
ondi
tions
•Lo
w si
gnal
leve
ls–
Low
gai
n an
tenn
a•
Atti
tude
opt
imiz
ed fo
r eng
ine
burn
not
for a
nten
na p
oint
ing
–In
terr
uptio
ns d
urin
g oc
culta
tion
by ri
ngs
•Fr
eque
ncy
Dyn
amic
s–
Gra
vity
of S
atur
n: D
oppl
er sh
ift ~
400
kH
z–
Engi
ne b
urn:
Dop
pler
shift
~ 1
1 kH
z at ~
2.5
Hz/
sec
•Ti
min
g er
rors
man
ifest
ed a
s dev
iatio
ns fr
om p
redi
cted
sign
al fr
eque
ncy
–M
inim
izin
g tim
ing
unce
rtain
ties a
llow
usi
ng n
arro
wer
rece
iver
ban
dwid
th
•O
ther
con
ditio
ns:
–O
ne-w
ay li
ght t
ime
~ 1
hour
and
24
min
utes
–N
ear s
olar
con
junc
tion
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SW
A 9
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
SOI S
igna
l Acq
uisi
tion
Stra
tegy
•St
anda
rd se
rvic
es o
f Dee
p Sp
ace
Net
wor
k–
Trac
king
rece
iver
•M
ay lo
se lo
ck if
leve
l dro
ps b
elow
thre
shol
d–
Rad
io S
cien
ce R
ecei
ver (
RSR
)•
Ope
n-lo
op re
ceiv
er tu
ned
by p
redi
ctio
n fil
e
•En
hanc
ed R
adio
Sci
ence
Pro
cess
or–
Cus
tom
-mad
e fo
r SO
I enh
ance
d vi
sual
izat
ion
&
mon
itorin
g at
JPL
•B
acku
p: sp
ecia
l app
licat
ion
proc
esso
r–
Fast
FFT
com
puta
tions
of R
SR d
ata
•C
arrie
r arr
ayin
g–
70-m
+ 2
34-
m st
atio
ns.
Incr
ease
~1.
5 dB
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SWA
10
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
Blu
e:
no
burn
Yello
w: b
urn
Red
:
actu
al
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SWA
11
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SWA
12
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SWA
13
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SWA
14
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
•Lan
der S
epar
atio
n: E
+271
s (2
73),
L-72
s (7
0)
•Hea
tshi
eld
Sepa
ratio
n: E
+261
s (2
63),
L-82
s (8
0)
•Par
achu
te D
eplo
ymen
t: E
+241
s (2
43),
L-10
2s (1
00),
8.6
km (8
.3),
430
m/s
(426
) with
resp
ect t
o w
ind
•Pea
k H
eatin
gE
+103
s (1
04).
Pea
k D
ecel
erat
ion
E+1
22s
(123
), 6
.3 (6
.4)e
arth
g
•Cru
ise
Stag
e Se
para
tion:
E-1
5 m
in •Rad
ar G
roun
d A
cqui
sitio
n:
E+3
08s,
L-3
5s, 2
.4 k
m a
bove
gro
und
•Sta
rt A
irbag
Infla
tion:
E+3
35s,
L-8
s, 2
84m
•Brid
le C
ut: E
+340
s, L
-3s,
10
m•R
AD
/TIR
S R
ocke
t Firi
ng:
E+3
37s,
L-6
s, 1
34m
, 75m
/s
•Lan
ding
: E+3
43s
•Ent
ry T
urn
Star
ts: E
-85
min
. Tu
rn c
ompl
eted
by
E-7
1 m
in.
HR
S F
reon
ven
ting.
•Ent
ry: E
-0 s
, L-3
43s,
128
km
, 5.4
km
/s w
ith re
spec
t to
rota
ting
plan
et, γ
= -1
1.5°
iner
tial,
-12°
rela
tive
•Brid
le D
esce
nt C
ompl
ete:
E+2
81s
(283
), L-
62s
(60)
•Bou
nces
, Rol
lsU
p to
1 k
m
Land
ing
at
Mer
idia
niN
omin
al
Tim
esan
d S
tate
s
Tim
es a
re
appr
oxim
ate.
X-ba
nd D
TE
UH
F to
MG
S[X
-ban
d D
TE B
acku
p]
•Rol
l Sto
p: L
andi
ng+1
0 m
in
EDL
Phas
eA
ppro
ach
Phas
e
•Pet
als
& S
A O
pene
d: L
+96
min
to L
+187
min
•Airb
ags
Ret
ract
ed:
L+66
minX-
band
DTE
•DIM
ES Im
ages
Acq
uire
d: E
+313
s, L
-30s
, 2.0
km
abo
ve g
roun
dE
+317
s, L
-26s
, 1.7
km
abo
ve g
roun
dE
+321
s, L
-22s
, 1.4
km
abo
ve g
roun
d
MER
ED
L Ti
mel
ine
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SWA
15
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
•25
6 M
FSK
tone
s tra
nsm
itted
as
sub-
carri
ers.
•
Bet
wee
n 5
and
15 K
Hz,
40H
z ap
art
•M
ER
use
s on
ly 1
05 o
f the
se to
nes
(25
afte
r lan
ding
)•
Firs
t ton
e tra
nsm
itted
at ~
E-1
6min
.•
Eac
h to
ne is
tran
smitt
ed fo
r 10s
and
then
a p
riorit
y qu
eue
is c
onsu
lted
for t
he n
ext t
one
–P
riorit
y 1:
Par
achu
te o
pen
–P
riorit
y 2:
Eve
nts
(not
e: T
ones
indi
cate
that
the
com
man
d w
as is
sued
--no
t a c
onfir
mat
ion
that
the
even
t too
k pl
ace)
.R
adar
sol
utio
n (2
0 no
sol
./12
sol.)
–P
riorit
y 3:
Fau
lt To
nes
–P
riorit
y 4:
Dec
eler
atio
n to
nes
–P
riorit
y 5:
Cal
ibra
tion
tone
s
•A
fter t
he la
nder
desc
ent o
n th
e br
idle
(@ L
-75s
), no
to
ne re
cept
ion
is c
erta
in b
ecau
se th
e la
nder
sway
s.
ED
LD
irect
To
Ear
th
X
-ban
d C
omm
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SWA
16
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SWA
17
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SWA
18
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
Huy
gens
Pro
be
•Li
nk a
t 204
0 M
Hz
to C
assi
ni o
rbite
r dur
ing
Huy
gens
des
cent
to T
itan
–Te
lem
etry
and
Dop
pler
Win
d Ex
perim
ent
•D
esig
ned
for s
pace
craf
t-to-
spac
ecra
ft lin
k–
Not
for H
uyge
ns to
Ear
th c
omm
unic
atio
n•
Freq
uenc
y ou
tsid
e de
ep sp
ace
band
•C
an n
ot b
e re
ceiv
ed b
y D
SN w
ithou
t m
odifi
catio
n•
Plan
s are
und
erw
ay to
util
ize
othe
r rad
io
tele
scop
es a
nd V
LBI s
tatio
ns•
Plan
to se
nd D
SN R
adio
Sci
ence
Rec
eive
r to
Gre
en B
ank
Tele
scop
e–
Expe
ct to
reco
nstru
ct c
arrie
r Dop
pler
•B
enef
it D
oppl
er W
ind
Expe
rimen
t by
rece
ivin
g da
ta a
t a d
iffer
ent a
ngle
Cha
nge
in E
arth
-Mar
s Ran
ge
due
to M
ars R
otat
ion
06:0
012
:00
18:0
0
0 km
1500
km
3000
km
Jet P
ropu
lsio
n La
bora
tory
Cal
iforn
ia In
stitu
te o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Seco
nd
In
tern
ati
on
al
Pla
neta
ry P
rob
e W
ork
sho
p
SWA
19
26 A
ugus
t 200
4
Con
clus
ions
•Pr
obe
mis
sion
con
cept
s tak
e co
mm
unic
atio
ns
into
acc
ount
for d
esig
n of
crit
ical
eve
nts
•Su
cces
sful
supp
ort o
f MER
and
Cas
sini
SO
I al
low
ed m
issi
ons t
o co
nser
ve c
onsu
mab
les
•R
ecei
ver i
nstru
men
tatio
n de
sign
ed fo
r Rad
io
Scie
nce
expe
rimen
ts su
ch a
s atm
osph
eric
oc
culta
tions
and
rela
tivity
exp
erim
ents
, etc
. ut
ilize
d fo
r crit
ical
eng
inee
ring
appl
icat
ions
This
wor
k w
as c
arrie
d ou
t at t
he Je
t Pro
puls
ion
Labo
rato
ry, C
alifo
rnia
Inst
itute
of T
echn
olog
y un
der c
ontra
ct w
ith th
e N
atio
nal A
eron
autic
s and
Sp
ace
Adm
inis
tratio
n
Recommended