Deconstructing building performance: with emphasis on ......… supporting Deconstructing building...

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Deconstructing building performance: with emphasis on needs, perceived

health and productivity

Healthy Buildings 2015 Europe, Eindhoven, The NetherlandsMonday May 18, 2015

Adrian Leaman

Original version animated in Keynote.

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Content: © Adrian Leaman 2015, unless shown otherwise.

… supporting www.usablebuildings.co.uk

“If you are playing a miser always emphasise their generosity”

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Actors’ saying

… supporting www.usablebuildings.co.uk

HeuristicsAny approach to problem solving …

not guaranteed to be optimal or perfect …

but sufficient for the immediate purposes.

Can be rules of thumb,

professional judgements, educated guesses,

common sense,

models, and more…

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… supporting www.usablebuildings.co.uk

OverviewIn straightforward terms …

what are the most important things …

that need concern designers, managers and building users …

to help improve how well buildings work?

An heuristic diagram may help …

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so let’s build one.

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

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Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

http://markbrinkley.blogspot.co.uk/2007/06/yvette-cooper-at-offsite-2007.html

Berriedale, Near Wick, Caithness

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Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

Elizabeth Fry Probe study

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Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

8

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

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Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

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Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

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Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

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Association of Environment(ally) Conscious Building forum

Green Building Magazine forum

Example topic: How appropriate are ‘green’ technologies such as Mechanical Ventilation and Heat and Recovery (MVHR) for domestic use?

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

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Locational

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

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Locational

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

15

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

Locational

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

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High

Low

Perception of risk

Cultural

Flood Risk Perception

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Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

Locational

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

High

Low

Perception of risk

Cultural

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Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

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Response time

Source: Building Use Studies 2015. For presentation only. Do not quote in this form.

Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

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Distraction

From building shown in slide 8.

Building Use Studies 2014 UK Benchmark dataset. © BUS Methodology

Scores for interruptions from noise.

Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk/Pages/UBPublications/UBPubsControlsForEndUsers.html

This device has no labelling or annotation. It looks like an on/off switch but is a push-button for an

unidentified system.

The switch is for stepless operation depending on the length

of time the switch is depressed.

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Design intent

If users understand how something is supposed to work,

they will be more tolerant if it does not work properly.

Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

“Theer’s most fratching weer theer’s least room.” Yorkshire saying

Fratch = quarrel

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Occupant density

Comparisons between low and high density areas for corporate UK office.

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

Geographical

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

High

Low

Perception of risk

Cultural

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System state

Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ

Comfortable

Uncomfortable

Better

Worse

Well

Poorly

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Adaptive comfort

Source: Cited by E. Ahrens, H Zuang, Air Movement: its role in conditioning building interiors efficiently, Presentation, California Air Resources Bard, March 15, 2015

Original: CBE exact source not known

http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/seminars/arens/arens.pdf

System state

Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ

Comfortable

Uncomfortable

Better

Worse

Well

Poorly

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Adaptive comfort

Source: Building Use Studies 2002

System state

Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ

Comfortable

Uncomfortable

Better

Worse

Well

Poorly

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Indoor environmental quality

https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?q=indoor+environmental+quality&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5

System state

Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ

Comfortable

Uncomfortable

Better

Worse

Well

Poorly

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Needs met (or not?!)

Source: author

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

System state

Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ

Comfortable

Uncomfortable

Better

Worse

Well

Poorly

Geographical

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

High

Low

Perception of risk

Cultural

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Outcome

Perceived control

Perceived health

Perceived productivity

Good

Poor

Better

Worse

Good

Poor

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http://www.building.co.uk/white-design’s-kingsmead-primary-school-gets-full-marks-for-effort/3068070.article

Achievable outcomes

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

System state

Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ

Comfortable

Uncomfortable

Better

Worse

Well

Poorly

Animation 1

Outcome

Perceived control

Perceived health

Perceived productivity

Good

Poor

Better

Worse

Good

Poor

Geographical

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

High

Low

Perception of risk

Cultural

30

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

System state

Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ

Comfortable

Uncomfortable

Better

Worse

Well

Poorly

Animation 1

Outcome

Perceived control

Perceived health

Perceived productivity

Good

Poor

Better

Worse

Good

Poor

Geographical

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

High

Low

Perception of risk

Cultural

31

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

System state

Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ

Comfortable

Uncomfortable

Better

Worse

Well

Poorly

Outcome

Perceived control

Perceived health

Perceived productivity

Good

Poor

Better

Worse

Good

Poor

Varies

Geographical

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

High

Low

Perception of risk

Cultural

32

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

System state

Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ

Comfortable

Uncomfortable

Better

Worse

Well

Poorly

Outcome

Perceived control

Perceived health

Perceived productivity

Good

Poor

Better

Worse

Good

Poor

Animation 2

Geographical

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

High

Low

Perception of risk

Cultural

33

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

System state

Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ

Comfortable

Uncomfortable

Better

Worse

Well

Poorly

Outcome

Perceived control

Perceived health

Perceived productivity

Good

Poor

Better

Worse

Good

Poor

Animation 2

Geographical

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

High

Low

Perception of risk

Cultural

34

Context

Well resourced

Under resourced

Deep plan

Shallow plan

Change state

Occupant Density

Management Response

TimeDesign intentDistraction

Faster

Slower

Less

More

Clear

Opaque

Low

High

System state

Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ

Comfortable

Uncomfortable

Better

Worse

Well

Poorly

Outcome

Perceived control

Perceived health

Perceived productivity

Good

Poor

Better

Worse

Good

Poor

Geographical

Climate zone

Tropical

Rest

Monsoon

Summer

Not applicable

Winter

Season

Weekday

Weekend

Time of week

Day

Night

Time of day

Vacation

Normal

Time of year

Periodic

High

Low

Perception of risk

Cultural

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Emphasise …Heuristics, with balanced emphasis on context, judgement, and cases, backed by calibrated models and larger sample data only where possible and appropriate.

The public interest, with objective feedback case studies openly available to professionals, clients and the public.

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Building evaluation as a knowledge domain in its own right, highlighting buildings as real-world systems with their outcomes, actual and likely.

http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/thinking_in_systems:paperback

http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rbri20/41/1#

Afterthoughts

37

38

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Hoge Veluwe / Kruller Muller

40

Australia 2014

UK 2014

Building Use Studies

Building Use Studies

… supporting www.usablebuildings.co.uk

Sources and supplementary material for

Deconstructing building performance: with emphasis on needs, perceived health and productivity

Healthy Buildings 2015 Europe, Eindhoven, The NetherlandsMonday May 18, 2015

Adrian Leaman

Original version animated in Keynote.

41

Cover http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk

3 Heuristics definitions http://www.thefreedictionary.com/heuristics

5 BRE house

Cottages, Near Wick, Caithness

10 Bexhill High School reversion

Elizabeth Fry Building6

Woodland Trust7

8 BUS Survey for Woodland Trust

9 BUS Survey for unnamed deep plan office building. Typical response profile.

Slide number

Association of Environmentally Conscious Building forum

Green Building Magazine forum

11

Excess winter mortality in Europe: a cross country analysis identifying key risk factors J D Healy J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:784-789 doi:10.1136/jech.57.10.784

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Sash window usability20

Controls for End Users

http://markbrinkley.blogspot.co.uk/2007/06/yvette-cooper-at-offsite-2007.html

http://www.landmarktrust.org.uk/search-and-book/properties/shore-cottages-no-1-12005/

http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk/Probe/FRY/FRYAPR98.PDF

http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk/Pages/Unprotected/CIBSEOct1pp20-26WoodlandTrust.pdf

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/schools/bexhill-high-school-multimillion-pound-investment-in-education-pods-ends-in-failure-10208125.html

http://www.aecb.net/forum/index.php/board,11.0.html?PHPSESSID=v0tor51p56t9mkbkrh7gttm6o7

http://www.greenbuildingforum.co.uk/newforum/comments.php?DiscussionID=4218

http://jech.bmj.com/content/57/10/784

http://www.idostuff.co.uk/sections/DIY/Sash Windows/Sash History 4.html

http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk/Pages/UBPublications/UBPubsControlsForEndUsers.html

http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk/Pages/Unprotected/CIBSEOct1pp20-26WoodlandTrust.pdf

23

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28 Kingsmead Primary School, Northwich, Cheshire, UK

Indoor Environmental quality. Google scholar search yields 626,00 results.

Air Movement: its role in conditioning building interiors efficiently

http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/seminars/arens/arens.pdf

http://www.building.co.uk/white-design’s-kingsmead-primary-school-gets-full-marks-for-effort/3068070.article

https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?q=indoor+environmental+quality&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5

http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/thinking_in_systems:paperback

Donella Meadows, Thinking in Systems: a primer34

http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rbri20/41/1#http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rbri20/41/1#

http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rbri20/41/1#

Bill Bordass and Adrian Leaman, A New professionalism: remedy or fantasy?

Slide number

https://www.hogeveluwe.nl/en/discover-the-park/art-and-architecture/kroller-muller-museum38

http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/visitors-high-tech-1bn-glasgow-hospital-keep-getting-stuck-lifts-no-buttons-150060637