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abbasis@ripi.ir
(Decline Curve Analysis)
KEYWORD: Decline Curve Analysis, Exponential Decline, Hyperbolic Decline,
Harmonic Decline, History Matching, Decline Rate, Nominal Decline Rate, Cumulative
Production, Flow Rate
(Decline Curve Analysis, DC)
D.C.
DC
2
(Exponential Decline)
(WOR)
(WOR+1)
D.C.
WORWGR
DC
D.C
DC
DCTubingChoke Setting
Workovers
Artificial liftAcidizing
Work overWork over
Work over
DC
DC
1 BCF
Well head0.7BCF0.9
BCF
3
Exponential,HyperbolicHarmonic
DC
D
D
D
(Hyperbolic)
Time
F
low
Rat
e
Slope
D=Slope/ Rate
Flo
w R
ate
Time
Harmonic
Exponential
Hyperbolic
4
Arps
HyperbolicExponentiacl
Arps
Arps
Arps(b)(Di)
Arps
HyperbolicExponentialSemi-logArp
Harmonic
Arps
(Hyperbolic)
SliderHyperbolic(Curve-
Maching)Semi-log
SliderCurve-Fitting
Arps
Gently
ArpsGently
Arps
FetkovichArps
5
Fetkovich
Arps
GentlyFetkovich
Gently
Carter
(µCg)
Cg
FraimWattenbarger
Cg
Aminian
SchmidtCaudle
MillerAminian
(Non-Darcy)Schmidt
(Turbulent)
Schmidt
(Exponential Decline)
(D)(Exponential)
D
D
D.C
6
D
Exponential
HyperbolicHarmonic
Decline CurveD
t1t2
Exponentialq2t2q1t1
q2
Cumulative Production
Flo
w R
ate
Slope
D= Slope=Const.
D
Time
LO
G. F
low
R
ate
Slope
Rate
D=Slope×2.302
7
Ddd
dD
D d
DdD
d
dD
(Exponential)(Nominal)
DD
(DRt)D
(DRc)
(qEc)
Workover
Time
Flo
w R
ate
Slope
Rate
D=Slope/ Rate
Time
Rate
d=Slope/ Rate
Flo
w R
ate
8
Workover
Workover
Skin
AB
Hyperbolic
Hyperbolic
0<b<1hyperbolic(D)
Diqi
Dbb
b=0b=1harmonic
Cumulative Production
A B
Workover
Economic Limit
Flo
w R
ate
M
Economic Limit
Cumulative Production
Workover
B A M2 M1
Flo
w R
ate
Workover
Workover
9
hyperbolicqiDi
t=0bDiqi
t
hyperbolic
Robertson
hyperbolicExponential
hyperbolic
(Harmonic)
(harmonic)hyperbolicb=1D
qqD
(Gravity Drainage)
Water Cut
harmonic
Time
Log
. Flo
w R
ate
Slope
Rate
D=Not Constant
Time
L
og. F
low
Rat
e
Exponential Decline
Hyperbolic Decline
hyperbolic
Exponential
Hyperbolic
10
D
harmonicD
kqi
Diharmonic
hyperbolicb=1
t1t2q1q2
harmonic
GORWORWGR
Diqi
GORo
g
WORo
wq
q
11
GORWOR
GORWOR
CGR
(CGR)
CGR
(lifting)WOR
LGRlifting
LGR
(Operated-Day Rate)
(Calendar-day Rate)
Operated-day Rate
Down time
Down timeLoud factor
Loud factor(LF)LF
Calendar-day RateOperated-day Rata
ExponentialHyperbolicHarmonic
12
hyperbolic
hyperbolic
Exponential
(Gravity Drainage)
harmonic
GORWORGIR
WGR
Pool
References 1. Manual for the oil and gas industry (Revised August, 1921). Government
printing office, Washington, DC(1921).
2. Arps, J .J .: Ana lysis of decline curves, Trans. AIME (1945) 160,228-247.
3. Slider , H.C.: A simplified method of hyperbolic decline curve ana lysis,
JPT (March 1968) 235-236.
4. Gentry, R.W.: decline curve ana lysis. J PT (J an .1972) 38-41.
13
5. Fetkovich, M.J .: Decline curve analysis usin type curves JPT (June 1980)
1065-1077.
6. Car ter R.D.: Type curves for fin it e radial and linear gas flow systems:
Constan t t ermina l pressure case, SPEJ (Oct . 1985) 719-728.
7. Fra im, M.L. and Wat tenbarger , R.A.: Gas reservoir decline curve ana lysis
using type curves with rea l gas pseudo pressure and normalized t ime,
APEFE (Dec. 1987) 671-682; Trans. AIME,290.
8. Amin ian , K., Amer i, S., and Hyman, M.: Product ion decline type curves
for gas well producing under pseudo-steady sta te condit ions, paper SPE
15933 presented at the 1986 SPE eastern regional meeting, Columbus,
OH, Nov. 12-14.
9. Schmidt , S.H., Caudle, B.H., and Miller , M.A.: Gas well decline ana lysis
incorporating real gas behavior and Non-Darcy flow, paper SPE 15521
presented at the 1986 SPE annual technical conference and exhibition,
New Orleans, LA, Oct. 5-8
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