Dannelly's Very Short History of Computing CSCI 101

Dannelly's Very Short History of Computing

CSCI 101

In the beginning…

Pascal created a calculator in 1652 able to add and subtract

photos from en.wikipedia.org

Charles Babbage (1791-1871)

Math Tables Problem Difference Engine and Analytical Engines

Abilities add subtract loop (repeat instructions over and over) compare two numbers etc…

instructions and data wereon punched cards

Harvard Mark 1 Mechanical, not electrical completed in 1943 used to compute artillery tables instructions on paper tape storage = 72 numbers

Digital Electronics 101

Transistors can perform AND, OR, NOT, etc Example - Half Adder:

AND

XOR

Apple's iPad uses theA4 system chip with

177 million transistors

First Generation

based on vacuum tubes

ENIAC 1946 - Univ of Pennsylvania programmed via wires

EDVAC based on ENIAC program stored

in memory

UNIVAC 1951 first commercial machine

Second Generation

1955-1964

based on transistors

1947 - Bell LabsBardeen, Brattain, Shockley

Noble Prize in 1956

This IBM 1301 Disk Storage Unitheld 2.8 MB of data.

Lease = $2100 per month

Third Generation

based on Integrated Circuits mainframes and minicomputers

IBM 360 First offered in 1964 equally suited for business or science from 8K to 8M of memory

Fourth Generation based on VLSI

VLSI = Very Large Scale Integration thousands of transistors per chip

microcomputers IBM PC released in 1981

photo from www.cs.indiana.edu

Microsoft in 1978

Fifth Generation

massively parallel computers supercomputers

still not in everyone's home

Possible Revision of "5th Generation" maybe it was the internet-ization of every device maybe it was mobile-ization of every device, thanks to

Lithium-Ion batteries allowing smaller devices

Moore's Law

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Transistor_Count_and_Moore%27s_Law_-_2008.svg

computing power doubles every two years

Computers Sold Annually

Units = 1000

graph from www.pegasus3d.com/total_share.html

The FutureThe Future

The CloudThe Cloud

Even more Even more Ubiquitous ComputingUbiquitous Computing

??

Next Class…

Computer Guts Components of a modern computer What to look for when buying a computer

Operating Systems Differences in Windows and Linux