D2-4: The Respiratory System September 13, 2010. Genesis 2:7 The Lord God formed the man from the...

D2-4: The Respiratory SystemSeptember 13, 2010

Genesis 2:7

•The Lord God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.

I. Respiration and the Respiratory System

•Respiration is not the same as breathing!▫It is only a part of the process.

•Respiration▫The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

between living cells and their environment.▫Breathing: Inhaling and Exhaling or air▫Cellular Respiration: The chemical

reactions that release energy from food.

I. Respiration and the Respiratory System

• The Respiratory system is a collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.

• These organs include:▫ Nose▫ Pharynx▫ Larynx▫ Trachea▫ Bronchus▫ Lungs▫ Diaphragm

A. Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx•Nose

▫This is the main passageway in and out of your respiratory system.

▫The mouth can also be an opening to the respiratory system, but is not included with it. Why?

•Pharynx▫The passage from the mouth to the larynx and

esophagus▫This organ separates the “tubes” for food and

air.

A. Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx

•Larynx▫The area of the throat that contains the vocal

cords and produces vocal sounds.▫The muscles connected to the larynx control

how much the vocal cords should be stretched.

▫When air flows over them, they vibrate producing an audible sound.

▫Video of Vocal Cords http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajbcJiYhFKY

B. Trachea• The Larynx actually

protects the opening to the Trachea.

• The trachea is a tube that connects the larynx to the lungs.

C. Bronchi and Alveoli•As air travel through the trachea it branches

into to tubes that connect to the lungs. •These tubes are called bronchi. (sing.

Bronchus)

•One bronchus connects to each lung and divided into small tubes called bronchioles.

•These bronchioles connect to alveoli, which are tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

C. Bronchi and Alveoli

II. Breathing•As you inhale and exhale, air is forced in and

out of your lungs.•Lungs do not have their own muscles to do

this.

•The diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle beneath your lungs, does this function.

•As it contracts and moves down, your chest cavity’s volume increases.

•This creates a vacuum, which takes in air.•Exhaling is the complete reverse of inhaling.

III. Breathing and Cellular Respiration • In Cellular Respiration, oxygen is used by cells

to release energy store in molecules of glucose (sugar).

•As you inhale, oxygen joins with RBCs in your alveoli.

•RBCs carried this oxygen throughout the body.•During the exchange in body cells, carbon

dioxide and water is produced.•Carbon dioxide is released as your lungs

exhale.

III. Breathing and Cellular Respiration•Now, how does our body’s cardiovascular

system work together with our body’s respiration system?

▫Turn to you closest classmate to discuss.

▫You may use Figure 3 found on p. 46 to assist you with your answer.

Respiration Video

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0&feature=related

IV. Respiratory Disorders• Respiratory Disorders affect

millions of people around the world depending upon living condition, their environment, or even their genes.

• The main disorders include:▫ Asthma▫ Severe acute respiratory

syndrome▫ Emphysema▫ Bronchitis▫ Pneumonia▫ Lung Cancer

IV. Respiratory Disorders• Asthma

▫ This caused by the bronchioles narrowing.

▫ The resulting effect may include: Shortness of breath Difficulty breathing Asthma attack

▫ Sometimes dust, pollen, and other irritants can cause asthma.

• SARS▫ Caused by a virus

▫ A person may have a fever and difficulty breathing

• Bronchitis▫ Caused by an

inflammation of the mucus membranes in the trachea or bronchi.

▫ Caused by a cold or obstruction in the trachea or bronchi

IV. Respiratory Disorders• Emphysema

▫ Damage to the alveoli▫ Those who have this

condition have difficulty getting oxygen into their lungs.

▫ Caused by mostly by long-term smoking or poor living conditions.

IV. Respiratory Disorders• Pneumonia

▫ Characterized by a build-up of fluid in the alveoli.

▫ If left untreated, a person may die or have sever brain damage due to lack of oxygen to the body.

• Lung Cancer

▫ Due to heredity, living conditions, and long-term smoking, cancerous tumors may grow inside lungs.

▫ Even with cancer treatments, many may often die of this cancer or other respiratory disorder that may result from this cancer.

Your Respiratory System• God has given us this

amazing system so that we can exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in our blood.

• You will face the temptation to smoke, but just say no!

• Take care of your respiratory system. It is a gift with every breath you take!