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Cultural Comparison and the Pyrrhic Wars. 5.3. Greeks (Macedonia as Hegemon ). Society – Greek in people and culture Politics – Oligarchies, democracies, tyrannies, and monarchies based on location Economics – Agricultural and trading (sea and land) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cultural Comparison and the Pyrrhic Wars
5.3
Society – Greek in people and culture
Politics – Oligarchies, democracies, tyrannies, and monarchies based on location
Economics – Agricultural and trading (sea and land)
Military – Phalanx and cavalry by land / Variations of the trireme by sea – soldiers have stake in win/loss depending on location.
Greeks (Macedonia as Hegemon)
Society – Varies by location but Greek in
culture
Politics – Typically monarchies (kingdoms)
Economics – Agriculture and trading
Military – Varies by location but would resemble phalanx. Soldiers have stake depending on size of the kingdom. Bigger kingdom = less stake
Hellenized People
Society – Latin people but Greek culture
Politics – Small monarchies, oligarchies, or republics
Economics – Primarily agriculture with trading
Military – Not a phalanx, but massed infantry. Soldiers pulled directly from society
Latins
Society – Phoenician people and culture
Politics – Oligarchy
Economics – Agricultural and HEAVY sea trade
Military – Massed infantry and powerful navy. Soldiers from throughout empire
Carthaginian
The Pyrrhic Wars
280 B.C. – 272 B.C.
Tarentum, Magna Graecia
Issues – including Rome Calls for aid
Pyrrhus of Epirus (Greek) comes to Italy in the defense of Magna Graecia
Rome defeated in several battles – Heraclea 280, Asculum 279 Pyrrhic Victory
Setting the Scene
Italian tribes would leave Roman
Confederation
Magna Graecia would be free of Roman influence
Rome refuses, no Italians really join Greece Why?
What Pyrrhus Hoped
Pyrrhus, as part of his contract, helps the Greeks in Sicily –
278 BC Defeats Carthaginians – Rome and Carthage work together Attrition takes hold Return to Italy – Tarentum under siege by Rome
Defeat – Beneventum 275 BC Retreat to Tarentum – 2/3 of army gone
272 BC – “What a battlefield I am leaving for Carthage and Rome”
Rome Does Not Fall
The Roman Confederation
displays its stability Rome gains experience
fighting against Greeks (phalanx)
Rome gains experience fighting against elephants – the pila
Rome annexes Tarentum 272 BC and Italy 270 BC (Rhegium)
Legacy of the Pyrrhic Wars
What Now?
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