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CSE3521:Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Instructor:Wuwei Lanlan.105@osu.edu
TheOhioStateUniversity
CourseInformation
Coursewebsite:https://lanwuwei.github.io/courses/AU19/3521_au19.html
Berkeley CS 188: https://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs188/fa18/index.html
HomeworkandGrading
GradingPolicy• Homework– 20%• Projects – 30%• Midterm– 20%• Final– 30%
Expect5-6homework/project assignmentsoverthecourse.
Homeworksubmissionsareindividual,butfeelfreetodiscuss.
3flexibledays for project submission, butnot for homework.
AcademicMisconduct
Discussallyoulike,inclassandout.However,allworkyousubmitmustbeyourown.Ifyoucheatonatestorcopysomeoneelse’scode/solutionsforhomework,youwillbereportedtotheCommitteeonAcademicMisconduct.
MOSS will be used to check code similarity!
Textbook
Notrequired,butifyouwanttoreadmore,Irecommend
• Russell&Norvig,AI:AModernApproach,3rd Ed.
• Warning:Notacoursetextbook,solectureswillnotnecessarilyfollowthepresentationinthebook.
The best textbook should be Internet!
WhatisAI?
Thescienceofmakingmachinesthat:
Thinklikepeople
Actlikepeople
Thinkrationally
Actrationally
TheTuringTest
Ingredients:• HumanJudge,unknownEntity• 2computerterminalsindifferentrooms
Recipe:• HavehumanJudgesitatonecomputer• JudgeconverseswithEntityviachatwindowfor5minutes• JudgedecidesifEntityishumanorcomputer
Whichiswhich?
Lefthandside
Judge:Hiwhat’syourname?
Entity:Idon’tknow
Judge:Myname’sJane.IliveinLondon.Wheredoyoulive
Entity:IliveinLondonas well
Judge:DoyoulikelivinginLondon?
Entity:yesIlikeitbecausetherearealotofthingstodothereandalsoitisthecapitalcityofEngland
Judge:What’smyname?
Entity:sorry?
Judge:What’smyname?
Entity:jane
Judge:Andwhat’syourname?Entity:Idon’tknow
Righthandside
Judge:Whatcoloristhecarpetinyourroom
Entity:Ilikepink;whatdoyoulike?
Judge:Ilikepink.MynameisJohn.What’syourname?Entity:Red.HelloJohn.Itsnicetomeetsuchafinepersonasyourself.
Judge:Redismyfavoritecolor.What’syours?
Entity:Myfavoritecolorisred.
Judge:YouuseAmericanspelling.AreyouintheUSA?
Entity:ButyouarenotevenAmerican.Justrememberatheismisonlyabeliefsystem.Andittoocanbeforcedonpeoplewhodon’tagree.
Judge:Howdoyoulikeyoureggs– evereasyorsunnysideup?Entity:HowIwonderifIlikemyeggs-overeasyorsunnysideup?Thisissoexplainable.ThatlistmakesmefeelunsureJohn.
Exampletakenfrom“Turing’sImitationGame,”byWarwickandShah(2016)
WhatgoodispassingtheTuringTest?
Chatting“likeahuman”involves:• Generatingcoherentlanguage• Respondingappropriatelytounexpectedinputs• …
Whatisn’tit,though?
TheTuringTestdoesnot show• Understandingorthinking• Abilitytolearn• Interactionwithanunconstrainedworld• Processingsensoryinput• Havingknowledge• Muchofanythinguseful,really
A(Short)HistoryofAI
• 1940-1950:Earlydays• 1943:McCulloch&Pitts:Booleancircuitmodelofbrain• 1950:Turing's“ComputingMachineryandIntelligence”
• 1950—70:Excitement:Look,Ma,nohands!• 1950s:EarlyAIprograms,includingSamuel'scheckersprogram,Newell
&Simon'sLogicTheorist,Gelernter'sGeometryEngine• 1956:Dartmouthmeeting:“ArtificialIntelligence”adopted• 1965:Robinson'scompletealgorithmforlogicalreasoning
• 1970—90:Knowledge-basedapproaches• 1969—79:Earlydevelopmentofknowledge-basedsystems• 1980—88:Expertsystemsindustrybooms• 1988—93:Expertsystemsindustrybusts:“AIWinter”
• 1990—:Statisticalapproaches• Resurgenceofprobability,focusonuncertainty• Generalincreaseintechnicaldepth• Agentsandlearningsystems…“AISpring”?
• 2000—:Wherearewenow?
WhatCanAIDo?
Quiz:Whichofthefollowingcanbedoneatpresent?
• Playadecentgameoftabletennis?• PlayadecentgameofJeopardy?• Drivesafelyalongacurvingmountainroad?• DrivesafelyalongHighStreetatrushhour?• Buyaweek'sworthofgroceriesontheweb?• Discoverandproveanewmathematicaltheorem?• Conversesuccessfullywithanotherpersonforanhour?• Performasurgicaloperation?• Putawaythedishesandfoldthelaundry?• TranslatespokenMandarinintospokenEnglishinrealtime?• Writeanintentionallyfunnystory?
NaturalLanguage Processing
• Speechtechnologies(e.g.Siri)• Automaticspeechrecognition(ASR)• Text-to-speechsynthesis(TTS)• Dialogsystems
• Languageprocessingtechnologies• Questionanswering• Machinetranslation
• Websearch• Textclassification,spamfiltering,etc…
Computer Vision
ImagesfromErikSudderth (left),wikipedia (right)
§ Objectandfacerecognition§ Scenesegmentation§ Imageclassification
Demo1:VISION– lec_1_t2_video.flv
Demo2:VISION– lec_1_obj_rec_0.mpg
Robotics
• Robotics• Partmech.eng.• PartAI• Realitymuchharderthansimulations!
• Technologies• Vehicles• Rescue• Soccer!• Lotsofautomation…
• Inthisclass:• Weignoremechanicalaspects• Methodsforplanning• Methodsforcontrol
ImagesfromUCBerkeley,BostonDynamics,RoboCup,Google
Logic
• Logicalsystems• Theoremprovers• NASAfaultdiagnosis• Questionanswering
• Methods:• Deductionsystems• Constraintsatisfaction• Satisfiability solvers(hugeadvances!)
ImagefromBartSelman
GamePlaying
• ClassicMoment:May,'97:DeepBluevs.Kasparov• Firstmatchwonagainstworldchampion• “Intelligentcreative”play• 200millionboardpositionspersecond• Humansunderstood99.9ofDeepBlue'smoves• CandoaboutthesamenowwithaPCcluster
• Openquestion:• Howdoeshumancognitiondealwiththe
searchspaceexplosionofchess?• Or:howcanhumanscompetewithcomputersatall??
• 1996:KasparovBeatsDeepBlue“Icouldfeel--- Icouldsmell--- anewkindofintelligenceacrossthetable.”
• 1997:DeepBlueBeatsKasparov“DeepBluehasn'tprovenanything.”
• 2017:AlphaGo beats…well,everyone
TextfromBartSelman,imagefromIBM’sDeepBluepages
DecisionMaking
• AppliedAIinvolvesmanykindsofautomation• Scheduling,e.g.airlinerouting,military• Routeplanning,e.g.Googlemaps• Medicaldiagnosis• Websearchengines• Spamclassifiers• Automatedhelpdesks• Frauddetection• Productrecommendations• …Lotsmore!
ThisCourse
Search:HowdoI(efficiently)findasolution?
LogicandKnowledge:HowdoIdeterminewhatis/isn’tknown?
DecisionPolicies:HowdoIchoosethebestnextaction?
Probability:HowdoIhandledependencyandnon-determinism?
MachineLearning:HowdoIlearnfrompastexperience?
PhilosophyandEthics:HowdoIdeterminewhatisintelligent?AndhowdoIknowthatwhatI’mdoingisgood?
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