Crowdsourced Bathymetry at NOAA -...

Crowdsourced Bathymetry at NOAA

John Cartwright, NOAA

Jesse Varner, CIRES/University of Colorado

Why?

Global bathymetry is a prerequisite for understanding how the global earth systems interact.

• influence the flow of sea water carrying heat, salt, nutrients, and pollutants

• influence the propagation of energy from undersea seismic events

• Impact navigation and commerce

We know more about the topography of Mars and our Moon than we do about the topography of our own ocean floor.

100m pixel resolution

HIRISE Imagery NASA/JPL/UAriz/USGShttp://www.uahirise.org/dtm

1 m DTMs

Known multibeam bathymetry available via IHO DCDB

< 11% of global ocean is covered with MBES data

Known single-beam bathymetry available via IHO DCDB

Survey and Charting Status 2015

Unsurveyed or Inadequatedata (0-200m)

SW Pacific >95%

Polar regions > 95%

W. Africa >80%

Caribbean >80%

Australia ~ 65%

Greece ~ 65%

USA ~ 40%

UK 30%

France 19%(Source: IHO C-55)

Imagine if…

(Source: IHO C-55)

Imagine if…

(Source: IHO C-55)need for comprehensive bathymetric coverage will not be met by government and hydrographic office efforts alone.

Goal:Empower mariners to fill the gaps

Pilot Project: IHO

Equip super yachts with data logger (GPS and echo sounder)

Data Ingest

Collection Model: Trusted Node

Trusted Node

Trusted Node

Trusted Node

IHO DCDB

Collection Model: Individual Contributors

IHO DCDB

Submission Format: GeoJSON{ "type": "FeatureCollection","crs": { "type": "name", "properties": { "name": "EPSG:4326" }

}, "properties": { "platform": {

"IDType": "None", "length": 0, "lengthUnitOfMeasure": "meters","name": "Anonymous", "type": "Ship", "uniqueID": "ROSEP-1d034f00-89ec-4bef-bc34-fb20c578c0ef"

} }, "features": [{ "type":"Feature","geometry":{

"type":"Point", "coordinates": [ -122.2765,47.645467 ] },"properties":{ "depth":12.13,"time":"2005-01-15T20:24:22.000Z” }

}]}

Submission Format: XYZT

lat, lon, depth, time

47.644750, -122.277267, 8.54, 20050115T202246Z

47.644750, -122.277267, 8.72, 20050115T202247Z

47.644750, -122.277250, 8.72, 20050115T202247Z

47.644750, -122.277250, 8.81, 20050115T202249Z

Data Flow

Generate lines from points

• Contributed points become vertices in line string• Assume coordinates listed in temporal order in file• Eliminate duplicate points• Generalize lines• Break lines at temporal gaps

Impractical to display all collected points on map

Data Quality Issues

• Swapped longitude/latitude values• Temporal sequencing• Duplicate points• Noise – points landing on “Null Island”

Data are expected to have both stochastic and deterministic errors Effects mitigated by increased numbers of observations

Discovery

• Find where data have been contributed• Find by platform name• Find by date• Order individual files

Map Viewer

Map Viewer

Map Viewer

Map Viewer

Future Work

• Generate grids – use spatiotemporal datastore• Scale up number of providers• Reporting on contributions• Potential integration with traditional surveys

Resources

• IHO Crowd-sourced bathymetry Working Group• IHO Data Centre for Digital Bathymetry (DCDB)• Draft IHO CSB Policy/Standards• Crowdsourced Bathymetry GeoJSON format

Questions?John Cartwright (john.c.cartwright@noaa.gov)

Thanks again to our partners:International Hydrographic OrganizationNOAA National Centers for Environmental InformationNOAA Office of Coast SurveyNational Geospatial Intelligence AgencyRose Point Navigation SystemsSea IDProfessional Yachting AssociationGeneral Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO)