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PROCEEDINGS:
February 13, 2013
Dr. Bill Cox, Cornell University (http :/ / c ss.ca ls.c ornell.edu/ people/ fac ulty.c fm?netId=wjc 3),
will p resent information about new c orn hybrids, inc lud ing BT tra its and the importanc e of
Insec t Resistanc e Management to p reserve the effec tiveness of these tec hnolog ies.
Dr. Randy Shaver, University of Wisconsin-Madison
(http :/ / www.uwex.edu/ c es/ da irynutrition/ c ontac t.c fm ), will p resent information about c orn
shred lage, a new proc essed c orn silage tha t c hange the way da iry p roduc ers feed their
c a ttle to maximize p roduc tion.
Dr. Russ Hahn, Cornell University (http :/ / c ss.c a ls.c ornell.edu/ peop le/ fac ulty.c fm?netId=rrh4),
will p resent his la test c orn herb ic ide researc h da ta ; p rovide many new weed c ontro l
upda tes and the importanc e of herb ic ide resistanc e management.
Agenda for the 2013 Crop Congress at Miner Institute
9:30 am – 10:00 am: Registration and vendor trade show
10:00 am – 11:00 am: Bill Cox, Cornell University: NY Corn Production Research Studies
What ’ s new with Bt Corn Hybrids and other new c orn researc h for NY
11:00 am – 12:00 am: Randy Shaver, University of Wisconsin: Corn Shredlage-The New Corn
Silage
Utilizing c orn shred lage on your fa rm and how to best utilize this high qua lity forage to maximize da iry c a ttle milk p roduc tion.
12:00-1:00 LUNCH available for $5
1:00- 2:00: Russ Hahn, Cornell University. Update on corn herbicides for NY
The la test c orn herb ic ide researc h da ta and new weed c ontro l upda tes for 2013
2:00- 2:30: Update on Crop Insurance-Panel of Speakers
2:30 ADJOURN
The pestic ide sign in rosters a re only ava ilab le during reg istra tion tha t will be sc heduled from
9:30am - 10:00am. There a re two persons assigned to taking reg istra tion payments from
a ttendees. After reg istra tion has conc luded they will then take the sign rosters off the tab le and loc k them in the c ash box. At the end of the p rogram the c ertific a tes will be persona lly
handed out to everyone needed c ertifica tes as they wa lk out the door a t the c onc lusion of
the meeting. You must a rrive on time and stay for the entire p rogram to rec eive these c red its.
1
HYBRID MATURITY GROUP ?
HYBRID MATURITY:
YIELD-NNY YEAR 75-85 86-90 91-95 96-100
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
AVG.
26.6
28.3
27.4
26.0
24.9
-
-
29.8
31.1
28.0
24.8
22.3
24.4
26.7
30.6
30.1
27.4
26.6
24.5
27.9
27.9
30.7
29.9
29.8
26.4
24.8
29.1
28.5
HYBRID MATURITY:
MOISTURE-NNY
YEAR 75-85 86-90 91-95 96-100
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
AVG.
61.0
62.5
60.8
60.7
68.1
-
-
63.7
64.3
61.2
65.0
68.9
57.4
63.4
65.1
64.8
61.7
66.7
70.0
58.0
64.4
65.5
65.3
62.8
68.0
70.8
58.7
65.2
SHORTER-SEASON HYBRID FOR A
TIMELY WINTER COVER CROP
PLANTING?
2012 HYBRID MATURITY-
YIELDS
RM-entries CAYUGA LIVING CORTLAND AVG.
85-90 -11
91-95 -12
96-100-18
21.6
21.8
23.3
19.8
21.2
21.5
17.3
16.7
18.1
19.6
19.9
21.0
2
2012 SILAGE HYBRIDS:
85-90 DAY RM
HYBRID
SILAGE
YIELD
MILK/
TON
MILK
YIELD
DKC38-03-GENVT2P 107 102 109
FS 3722VT3P 107 102 109
DKC39-07 GENVT2P
TA290-31
DKC40-22-GENSS
103
103
99
103
99
102
105
101
101
MILK/TON & MILK YIELD
MILK/TON
•Starch
•NDFD30
•NDF
•CP
•Ash
CALC.MILK YIELD
•Silage Yield x
Milk/Ton
2012 SILAGE HYBRIDS:
85-90 DAY RM
HYBRID
SILAGE
YIELD
MILK/
TON
MILK
YIELD
DKC38-03-GENVT2P 107 102 109
FS 3722VT3P 107 102 109
DKC39-07 GENVT2P
TA290-31
DKC40-22-GENSS
103
103
99
103
99
102
105
102
101
2012 SILAGE HYBRIDS:
91-95 DAY RM
HYBRID
SILAGE
YIELD
MILK/
TON
MILK
YIELD
TA333-22DP 109 101 110
H5084VT3P 108 100 107
HHG33B12
DKC43-48 GENVT3P
P9630AM1
106
105
100
99
100
101
104
104
101
2012 SILAGE HYBRIDS: 96-
100 DAY RM
HYBRID
SILAGE
YIELD
MILK/
TON
MILK
YIELD
HHG39HF13 110 99 109
197-67VT3P
HiDF3197-7
FS 4811VP3
D39QN29
DKC46-20GENVT3P
RPM 472RR
104
108
106
101
104
101
103
99
100
104
100
101
107
107
106
104
103
102
2012 SILAGE HYBRIDS: 101-105
DAY RM
HYBRID SYIELD M/TON MYIELD
203-43VT3P
HiDF3702-9
102
104
104
101
106
105
FS 5429VP3
D45Q50
NK N53W-3000GT
H5222VT3P
TA545-20
Garst 87P52-4011
TA557-00F
103
103
102
101
100
101
105
102
101
101
102
103
101
97
105
104
103
103
102
101
101
3
ZONE TILLAGE DEPTH ?
FIELD-SCALE STUDY OF ZONE
TILLAGE : 2006-2007
DEPTH CORN-ALFALFA CORN-CORN AVG
0” 24.4 23.4 23.9
7” 25.9 25.1 25.5
14” 25.8 24.5 25.2
LSD 0.05 1.3 1.0 0.7
PARTIAL BUDGET ANALYSES:
14” TO 0”
ITEM 0” DEPTH 14” DEPTH
-------------$/ACRE-----------------
LABOR 1.20
FUEL 4.76
REPAIR/MAINTEN.
DEPRECIATION
HARVEST COSTS
VARIABLE COSTS
SILAGE VALUE
PROFIT
3.23
1.14
11.70
22.03
-23.47
45.50
PARTIAL BUDGET ANALYSES:
14” TO 7” ITEM 7” DEPTH 14” DEPTH
-------------$/ACRE--------------
LABOR 0.60
FUEL 2.38
REPAIR/MAINTEN.
HARVEST COSTS
VARIABLE COSTS
SILAGE VALUE
PROFIT
1.22
2.85
10.50
13.35
1.35
CORNELL RECOMMENDED
SEEDING RATES IN NY
SILAGE :?
GRAIN :?
4
2008-2009 CORN SILAGE HYBRID X
SEEDING RATE STUDIES
HYBRIDS: 2 PIONEER, 2 DEKALB, 2 LEAFY, AND 2 BMR
SEEDING RATES (kernels/acre)
•25,000
•30,000
•35,000
•40,000
2008-2009 HYBRID X SEEDING RATE
STUDY-YIELD
RATE PIONEER DEKALB LEAFY BMR AVG.
25,000 25.3 25.5 23.2 22.2 24.1
30,000 26.0 25.6 24.3 24.0 25.0
35,000
40,000
26.6
27.6
25.9
25.8
25.7
25.8
24.8
24.8
25.8
25.9
Avg.
26.4
25.7
24.8
24.0
2008-2009 HYBRID X SEEDING RATE
STUDY-NDFD30
RATE PIONEER DEKALB LEAFY BMR AVG
25,000 58.7 58.3 58.7 71.2 61.7
30,000 59.3 57.7 59.1 72.3 62.1
35,000
40,000
57.9
59.3
57.2
57.4
59.6
59.5
72.2
73.0
61.8
62.3
Avg.
58.8
57.6
59.2
72.2
2008-2009 HYBRID X SEEDING RATE
STUDY-STARCH
RATE PIONEER DEKALB LEAFY BMR AVG.
25,000 33.3 34.6 34.6 33.3 34.0
30,000 34.2 34.6 34.5 32.1 33.9
35,000
40,000
33.9
33.8
34.9
34.7
34.8
34.0
32.6
31.5
34.1
33.5
Avg.
33.8
34.7
34.5
32.4
2008-2009 HYBRID X SEEDING RATE:
MILK/TON
RATE PIONEER DEKALB LEAFY BMR AVG.
25,000 3364 3413 3396 3657 3458
30,000 3387 3382 3365 3652 3446
35,000
40,000
3356
3363
3369
3355
3378
3341
3662
3603
3442
3415
Avg.
3368
3379
3370
3643
2008-2009 HYBRID X SEEDING RATE:
MILK/ACRE
RATE PIONEER DEKALB LEAFY BMR AVG.
25,000 32602 33326 30600 32145 31985
30,000 33876 33288 30678 33934 33302
35,000
40,000
34274
35555
33437
33305
32396
32643
35048
34545
33856
34009
Avg.
34076
33339
31579
33919
5
CORN SEEDING RATES FOR
GRAIN IN NEW YORK ?
2011-2012 FIELD-SCALE CORN
SEEDING RATE STUDIES
SITES: TWO 30” ROW SITES, A NARROW ROW (20”) SITE, AND A TWIN ROW SITE
HYBRIDS: DKC49-94 GENSS AND P9807HR
SEEDING RATES (kernels/acre)
• 25,000
• 30,000
• 35,000
• 40,000
CAYUGA CO-20” ROW
LIVINGSTON CO.-30” ROWS
ORLEANS CO-TWIN ROW
6
SENECA CO.-30” ROWS
2012 –VERY DRY FROM JUNE
20-JULY 20
LIVINGSTON CO.-30” 2012 SENECA CO.-30”
7
PARITAL BUDGET ANALYSES
SEED
DRYING AND STORAGE HAULING
8
2011-2012 FIELD-SCALE
ECONOMIC SEEDING RATES
YR/HYBRID CAY LIV ORL SEN
2011
P9807 34500 25000 25000 25000
DKC49-94
2012
38700 25000 25000 40000
P9807
DKC49-94
27000
27000
25000
25000
32800
32800
25000
26800
NORTHERN NY SOYBEANS
YEAR
JEFF AC
JEFF-Y
NENNYAC
NENNYY
2002 1,400 29 1,600 33
2003 2,300 33 2,300 47
2004 2,100 41 2,200 55
2005 2,000 41 2,500 45
2006 1,900 40 2,300 50
2007 3,100 36 - -
2008
2009
3,000
4,100
50
38
-
-
-
-
2010
2011
6,200
7,000
43
-
2,200
2,300
38
35
9
2012 SOYBEAN MATURITY
GROUP ? YIELD OF DIFFERENT
MATURITY GROUPS-JEFF
YIELD
GROUP 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 AVG
I 54 27 51 44 60 56 49
II 64 34 49 48 65 53 52
MOISTURE
I - 12.7 15.1 14.3 12.2 13.0 13.5
II - 13.9 15.6 14.5 12.3 18.2 14.9
2012 SOYBEAN VARIETY
TRIALS-YIELD
MATURITY
AURORA
LIMA
CHAZY
GROUP I-16 52 49 81
GROUP II-29 59 58 91
2012 SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL-
GROUP I
VARIETY
AURORA
LIMA
CHAZY
13A11 55 56 89
15A11
SG1513
53
56
55
51
80
80
SG19A11 55 50 93
1805R2
RPMDB1711
5N180RR2
S17-G8
AVG.
57
51
56
53
52
-
55
49
48
49
93
71
85
82
81
2012 SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL-
GROUP II
VARIETY
AURORA
LIMA
CHAZY
20A12 64 64 92
S20-Y2 63 62 93
31RY20 62 62 89
21A12
2229R2
5N210RR2
S21-N6
SG2111
S28-K1
SG2013
AVG.
62
62
64
60
59
57
59
59
64
60
58
61
61
63
61
58
98
96
90
91
92
-
90
91
PLANT BEANS WITH A CORN
PLANTER OR DRILL?
10
2010-2011 FIELD-SCALE ROW
SPACING X SEEDING RATE
STUDY-SOYBEAN
•THREE ROW SPACINGS: (7.5 inch drilled vs. 15 and 30-inch with a row crop planter)
•TWO SEEDING RATES: (~130,000 and 170,000 seeds/acre)
•TWO SITES: (Cayuga and Livingston Counties)
2010-11 ROW SPACING X SEEDING RATE:
YIELD
ROW/RATE CAYUGA LIVINGSTON
7.5 INCH/130000
170000
AVG.
15 INCH/130000
170000
AVG.
30 INCH/130000
170000
AVG.
48
49
49
49
50
50
48
51
50
63
65
64
62
62
62
61
62
62
2010-11 PROFIT-$/ACRE-DRILLED BEANS
SEED COST (150,000 SEEDS)
PRICE 55 60 65 70
9.00
9.50
10.00
10.50
11.00
11.50
12.00
12.50
13.00
13.50
3.37
4.37
5.37
6.37
7.37
8.37
9.37
10.37
11.37
12.37
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
0.65
1.65
2.65
3.65
4.65
5.65
6.65
7.65
8.65
9.65
-0.69
0.31
1.31
2.31
3.31
4.31
5.31
6.31
7.31
8.31
11
BUY A GRAIN DRILL? PARTIAL BUDGET: 30” TO 7.5”
ITEM 300 acres 600 acres
INCOME CHANGE
ANNUAL FIXED COSTS
8280 16560
Depreciation
Interest
Insurance
Shelter
VARIABLE COSTS
Repairs
Seed Costs
Harvesting and Hauling
TOTAL COSTS
CHANGE IN PROFIT
1714
700
170
400
800
4160
489
8433
-153
2185
892
216
510
1020
8320
978
14121
2439
2007-2008 CORN HYBRID TRAIT
STUDY-CORN-CORN
FOUR SITES: CAYUGA, LIVINGSTON, JEFFERSON, AND ONONDAGA
TWO COMPANIES: PIONEER AND DEKALB • 37F73-BASE GENETICS (Preemergence) • 37F75-DOUBLE-STACKED (BtCB +RR) • 37F76-TRIPLE-STACKED (BtCB+BtCR+RR) • DKC52-62-BASE GENETICS (Premergence) • DKC52-63-DOUBLE-STACKED (BtCB +RR) • DKC52-59-TRIPLE-STACKED (BtCB+BtCR+RR)
2007-08 CORN HYBRID TRAIT
STUDY-CORN-SOYBEAN
FOUR SITES: CAYUGA, LIVINGSTON,
JEFFERSON, AND ONONDAGA
TWO COMPANIES: PIONEER AND DEKALB
• 37F73-BASE GENETICS (Preemergence)
• 37F75-DOUBLE-STACKED (BtCB +RR)
• DKC52-62-BASE GENETICS (Preemergence)
• DKC52-63-DOUBLE-STACKED (BtCB +RR)
12
2007-2008 CORN HYBRID TRAIT
GRAIN YIELDS: CORN-CORN
HYBRID CAY LIVIN JEFF ONO
Base Genetics 172 196 140 175
Double-Stacked 171 199 148 182
Triple-Stacked
175 198 147 181
LSD 0.05 NS NS 6 5
2007-2008 CORN HYBRID TRAIT
PARTIAL BUDGET- $/ACRE: CORN-CORN
COMPARISON CAY LIVING JEFF ONO
Double vs. Base -28.70 0.24 35.99 18.47
Triple vs. Base -11.84 -5.06 21.94 11.85
Triple vs. Double
16.86 -5.30 -14.05 -6.61
LSD 0.05
10.23
NS
12.53
9.64
2007-2008 CORN HYBRID TRAIT
GRAIN YIELDS: CORN-SOYBEAN
HYBRID CAY LIVIN JEFF ONO AV.
Base Genetics 164 196 171 170 176
Double-Stack
169 194 178 172 179
LSD 0.05
NS
NS
5
NS
NS
2007-2008 CORN HYBRID TRAIT
PARTIAL BUDGET $/ACRE: CORN-
SOYBEAN
COMPARISON CAY LIVIN JEFF ONO
Double vs. Base 8.68 -19.18 24.76 -8.49
LSD 0.05
NS
13.65
15.11
NS
13
1
What are we learning about Corn Shredlage™ for dairy cows?
Luiz Ferraretto & Randy Shaver
Dairy Science Department, UW Madison
80 to 98% starch digestibility•Kernel particle size•Duration of silage fermentation•Kernel maturity •Endosperm properties
40 to 70% IVNDFD•Lignin/NDF•Hybrid
•Maturity
Grain ~40-45% of WPDMStover= ~55-60% of WPDM
• Avg. 42% NDF• Variable stover:grain
Whole-Plant Corn Silage
•Avg. 30% starch in WPDM•Variable grain:stover
Variable peNDF as per chop lengthAdapted from Joe Lauer, UW Madison Agronomy Dept.
Kernel Processing*Maturity
Ferraretto & Shaver, PAS, 2012 – Meta Analysis
106 treatment means – 27 studies – 24 articles
January 2000 to July 2011 (AFST, JDS)
Kernel Processing*TLOC
Ferraretto & Shaver, PAS, 2012 – Meta Analysis
106 treatment means – 27 studies – 24 articles
January 2000 to July 2011 (AFST, JDS)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
# o
f sa
mp
les
51% Adequately Processed 42% Inadequately Processed 7% Optimally Processed
92% ttStarchD Ferreira 2002
Corn Silage Processing Score 1131 Samples, CVAS 2010 - 2011 98% ttStarchD
Ferreira 2002
∆Worth 2 lb. Milk or 2 lb. Corn
Cor
n Shre
dlage
™
Cor
n Shre
dlage
™
2
SHREDLAGE™ The Story
• Missouri Dairy Farmer
• Introduced to Roger Olson
• Asked “Dad” Loren Olson
• Built Prototype in Shop
• Looking for Developing Partner
• Introduced it to Bob Scherer
• Prototype in less than 60-days
• Development to Today
http://www.shredlage.com/
Corn Shredlage™ 26-30 mm TLOC; 2-3 mm roll gap
UW Trial Methods Shredlage KP
Hybrid DKC 57-79 DKC 57-79
Planting date 5/7/11 5/7/11
Location Arlington, WI Arlington, WI
Row spacing 30” 30”
Seeds per acre 34,000 34,000
Harvest date 9/8/11 9/9/11
Acres harvested 9.1 8.9
DM tons per acre 8.3 8.2
SPFH CLAAS Jaguar
Kutz Farms, Jefferson WI JD – UW ARS
Harvester Settings 30 mm TLOC;
2.5 mm Roll Gap 19 mm TLOC; 2 mm Roll Gap
Silo Bag 10’ diameter 10’ diameter
Inoculant None None
Penn State Shaker Box (as-fed basis)
Screen, mm Shredlage KP
19 31.5% 5.6%
8 41.5% 75.6%
1.18 26.2% 18.4%
Pan 0.8% 0.4%
Samples obtained during feed-out from the silo bags
3
Kernel Processing Score
Shredlage KP
% Starch Passing 4.75 mm Sieve
75.0% ± 3.3 60.3% ± 3.9
Samples obtained during feed-out from the silo bags
Nutrient composition of feed-out samples
Shredlage KP
DM, % as fed 33.9% ± 2.1 33.7% ± 3.2
CP, % DM 7.3% ± 0.4 7.7% ± 0.3
Starch, % DM 35.1% ± 2.2 35.6% ± 2.2
NDF, % DM 36.4% ± 2.4 36.3% ± 1.4
Fermentation profile of feed-out samples
Shredlage KP
pH 3.59 ± 0.05 3.61 ± 0.03
Ammonia, % of CP 4.7 ± 0.8 4.8 ± 0.8
Lactic Acid, % of DM 6.0 ± 0.9 5.1 ± 0.4
Acetic Acid, % of DM 1.0 ± 0.1 1.0 ± 0.1
Bag Packing Densities (lb DM/cu. Ft)
L Shredlage KP
Entire Bags At Filling
158’ 17.7 17.2
During Feed-out near back of bags
4’ 17.5 17.2
Volume = 3.14 × Radius2 × Length
Feeding Trial 10/20/11 – 12/28/11; UW – Arlington Dairy 14, 8 cow pens; 112 mid lactation cows Cows stratified by breed, parity & DIM, assigned to pens, and pens randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments Shredlage™ KP
2-week adjustment period with all pens fed 50:50 mix of Shredlage & KP in TMR
8-week treatment period with all cows fed their assigned treatment TMR
4
DIM & BW at trial initiation
DIM BW, lb.
Shredlage 114 ± 35 1559 ± 47
KP 117 ± 36 1520 ± 33
Pens were comprised of 46% 1st lactation cows all of which were Holsteins, and of the 2nd or > lactation cows 80% were Holsteins
Experimental Diets (DM basis)
Shredlage KP
Shredlage 50% ---
KP Silage --- 50%
Alfalfa Silage 10% 10%
Ground Dry Shelled Corn 10.3% 10.3%
Corn Gluten Feed 7.4% 7.4%
SBM 48%, solvent 6.9% 6.9%
SBM, expeller 9.3% 9.3%
Rumen-Inert Fat 1.9% 1.9%
Min/Vits 4.2% 4.2%
TMR Nutrient Composition (DM basis)
Shredlage KP
CP 17.2% 17.3%
Total NDF 28.1% 28.3%
NDF from Forage 22.3% 22.5%
Starch 25.4% 25.5%
Crude Fat 4.8% 4.5%
Penn State Shaker Box (as-fed basis)
Screen, mm Shredlage KP
19 15.6% 3.5%
8 38.2% 52.9%
1.18 38.9% 35.8%
Pan 7.3% 7.8%
TMR Samples
TMR Sorting – PSU Shaker Box
Screen, mm Shredlage KP P <
19 99.3 99.5 0.72
8 99.7 99.8 0.66
1.18 100.1 99.7 0.09
Pan 102.1 101.7 0.54
% of Predicted Intake
Dry matter intake & milk yield
Shredlage KP P <
DMI, lb/d 55.8 54.4 0.08
Milk, lb/d 96.0 94.2 0.14
Milk/DMI 1.72 1.73 0.74
5
Milk composition
Shredlage KP P <
Fat % 3.74% 3.70% 0.66
Protein % 3.18% 3.21% 0.29
MUN, mg/dL 13.9 13.6 0.48
Component-corrected milk yields
Shredlage KP P <
3.5% FCM, lb/d 100.1 97.8 0.07
FCM/DMI 1.77 1.79 0.65
ECM, lb/d 99.2 97.2 0.10
ECM/DMI 1.76 1.77 0.50
3.5% FCM Yield by Week
*
* **
* P < 0.10
** P < 0.01
Week × Treatment Interaction (P < 0.03)
BW, BCS, BWC & Diet NEL
Shredlage KP P <
BW, lb 1568 1553 0.29
BCS 3.03 3.04 0.90
BWC, lb/d 0.62 0.68 0.84
Calc. Diet NEL, Mcal/lb DMI
0.81 0.82 0.59
Total Tract Starch Digestibility
Treatment
P < 0.001
Week
P < 0.03
Total Tract NDF Digestibility
Treatment
P < 0.04
6
Ruminal In Situ Starch Digestibility
*P < 0.06
Ruminal incubations on undried, unground samples
Trial 1
Ruminal In Situ NDF Digestibility
Treatment P = 0.83
Trial 1
Undried, Unground Samples
Ruminal In Situ Starch Digestibility Trial 2
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
6 12 24
Rum
inal In
Situ
Sta
rch D
igest
ibility (%)
Hours of incubation
SHRD
KPCS
Trt P = 0.01 Time P = 0.001 Trt*time P = 0.47
*
**
† ** P < 0.01 * P < 0.05 † P < 0.10
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
6 12 24 30 48 72 96
Rum
inal In
Situ
NDF D
igest
ibility (%)
Hours of incubation
SHRD
KPCS
Trt P = 0.68 Time P = 0.001 Trt*time P = 0.75
Undried, Unground Samples
Ruminal In Situ NDF Digestibility Trial 2
7
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
6 12 24 30 48 72 96
Rum
inal In
Situ
NDF D
igest
ibility (%)
Hours of incubation
SHRD
KPCS
Trt P = 0.001 Time P = 0.001 Trt*time P = 0.41
***
***
***
***
**
** **
** P = 0.01 *** P = 0.001
Ruminal In Situ NDF Digestibility
Dried, 6 mm Ground Samples
Conclusions • The proportion of material on the top (coarsest) screen
of the PSU shaker box was greater for Shredlage – This was also the case for the Shredlage TMR
• There was no sorting of either TMR
• DMI tended to be greater for Shredlage
• FCM & ECM tended to be greater Shredlage – Response increased as study progressed
• Kernel processing score and ruminal & total tract starch digestibility were greater for Shredlage treatment
• Total-tract NDF digestibility was greater for Shredlage treatment, while ruminal NDF digestibility response varied by in situ methods
Some Follow-Up Questions
• Greatest response potential? Starch digestibility
> DM content
> TLOC
< time in silo before feed-out
Corn Silage Fermentation Increases Starch Digestibility!
Some Follow-Up Questions
• Greatest response potential? Physically effective NDF
Low forage rations
High corn silage rations
Chopped hay or straw replacement?
BMR corn silage?
Digestible NDF Low NDFD corn silages?
Some Follow-Up Questions
• Process control? TLOC
Shaker box proportions
Roll gap spacing Processing score
Harvest DM content
Kernel Processing Score
n Average Min
% Starch Passing 4.75 mm Sieve
21 74% 69%
Field shredlage samples obtained during 2012 harvest
Data source: Roger Olsen
8
How does it pack & ferment?
Do cows sort the TMR more?
Processor & SPFH? http://www.shredlage.com/
Shredlage rolls can be used for earlage/snaplage
Are other novel processing options being tried?
http://www.deere.com/wps/dcom/en_INT/our_company/news_and_media/press_releases/2012/kernelstar_processor.page
9
80 to 98% starch digestibility•Kernel particle size•Duration of silage fermentation•Kernel maturity •Endosperm properties
40 to 70% IVNDFD•Lignin/NDF•Hybrid
•Maturity
Grain ~40-45% of WPDMStover= ~55-60% of WPDM
• Avg. 42% NDF• Variable stover:grain
Whole-Plant Corn Silage
•Avg. 30% starch in WPDM•Variable grain:stover
Variable peNDF as per chop lengthAdapted from Joe Lauer, UW Madison Agronomy Dept.
Visit UW Extension Dairy Cattle Nutrition Website
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/dairynutrition/
1
NORTH COUNTRY CROP CONGRESS
CORN WEED CONTROL
Russ Hahn
Crop and Soil Sciences
Cornell University
CORN WEED CONTROL
RR crop trends and questions
Herbicide resistance update
Acetochlor registered in NY
PRE vs. POST weed control
Dandelion management in
zone-tillage corn
QUESTIONS RAISED
ABOUT GR CROPS
Glyphosate adversely affects
mineral nutrition in GR crops
This leads to adverse effects,
like increased plant disease
Others suggest GR crops are
more susceptible to diseases
due to other mechanisms.
Glyphosate Effects on Plant
Mineral Nutrition, Crop Rhizoshere
Microbiota, and Plant Disease in
Glyphosate-Resistant Crops
S. O. Duke, J. Lydon,
W. C. Koskinen, T. B. Moorman,
R. L. Chaney, and R. Hammerschmidt
Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry
REVIEW CONCLUDES
Mineral nutrition is not affected
by the GR trait or by glyphosate.
Neither the GR transgenes nor
glyphosate increases diseases.
Yield data suggests there are no
substantive nutrition or disease
problems specific to GR crops.
2
CORN WEED CONTROL
RR crop trends and questions
Herbicide resistance update
HERBICIDE RESISTANT WEEDS
SUMMARY 2/11/13
Herbicide Group
WSSA
Group Example
Herbicide
Total
ALS inhibitor 2 Steadfast Q 129
Triazine 5 Atrazine 69
ACCase inhibitor 1 Fusilade 42
Synthetic Auxin 4 2,4-D 30
Bipyridilium 22 Gramoxone 28
Glycine 9 Roundup 24
Ureas and Amide 7 Lorox 22
Dinitroaniline, etc. 3 Prowl 11
HERBICIDE RESISTANT WEEDS
SUMMARY 2/11/13
Herbicide Group
WSSA
Group Example
Herbicide
Total
Thiocarbamate, etc. 8 Eptam 8
PPO inhibitors 14 Sharpen 6
Triazole, Urea, etc. 11 Amitrole 5
Chloroacetamide,etc. 15 Dual II Mag. 4
Nitriles and others 6 Buctril 4
Carotenoid inhibitors 12 Zorial 3
Others - - 11
Total Herbicide Resistant Biotypes 396
3
GLYPHOSATE RESISTANT
WEEDS IN USA 2/11/13 http://www.weedscience.org
# Weeds 1st Occurrence
1 Palmer amaranth 2005 - Georgia - 13*
2 Spiny amaranth 2012 - Mississippi - 1*
3 Common waterhemp 2005 - Missouri - 11*
4 Common ragweed 2004 - Arkansas - 8*
5 Giant ragweed 2004 - Ohio - 11*
6 Hairy fleabane 2003 - South Africa - 1*
7 Horseweed 2000 - Delaware - 21*
*Number of states reporting this biotype.
Two other cases of resistant weeds
have been added to the WSSA web site
– Buckhorn plantain, South Africa (‘03)
– Hairy fleabane, South Africa (‘03)
No complaints from growers to
Monsanto
No field trials support the posting
Monsanto will conduct field trials
Under Investigation
GLYPHOSATE RESISTANT
WEEDS IN USA 2/11/13 http://www.weedscience.org
# Weeds 1st Occurrence
8 Junglerice 2007 - Australia - 1*
9 Goosegrass 1997 - Malaysia - 2*
10 Kochia 2007 - Kansas - 4*
11 Italian ryegrass 2001 - Chile - 3*
12 Rigid ryegrass 1996 - Australia - 1*
13 Annual bluegrass 2010 - Missouri - 2*
14 Johnsongrass 2005 - Argentina - 3*
*Number of states reporting this biotype
POPULATIONS WITH
GROUP 2 & 9 RESISTANCE
Weeds State # Sites Acres
Palmer amaranth GA
MS
101-500
?
1001-10,000
?
Tall waterhemp MO
IL
101-500
1
100,000+
50-100
Common ragweed OH 1 501-1000
Giant ragweed OH 1 101-500
Horseweed OH 2-5 101-500
RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT
FOR GROWERS
• Rotate crops, i.e. genetics
• Cultivate to control escapes
• Rotate sites of action
• Tank mixes or sequential
herbicide applications with
different sites of action
4
• Weed resistance to many
sites of action is common
• Resistance is manageable
• Most products retain value
despite resistance
OVERVIEW OF RESISTANCE CORN WEED CONTROL
RR crop trends and questions
Herbicide resistance update
Acetochlor registered in NY
ACETOCHLOR REGISTRATION
Denied in 1997 based on risks
ACETOCHLOR REGISTRATION
Denied in 1997 based on risks
• Oncogenic effects
ACETOCHLOR REGISTRATION
Denied in 1997 based on risks
• Oncogenic effects
• Potential contamination of
groundwater from degradates
ACETOCHLOR REGISTRATION
Denied in 1997 based on risks
• Oncogenic effects
• Potential contamination of
groundwater from degradates
• Toxicity to non-target aquatic
plants and animals due to
runoff to surface waters
5
ACETOCHLOR REGISTRATION
Since then, EPA’s toxicological
and environmental profiles have
improved significantly
ACETOCHLOR REGISTRATION
Since then, EPA’s toxicological
and environmental profiles have
improved significantly
EPA has since dropped the
“Restricted Use” designation
DROPPED RU DESIGNATION
Favorable cancer reclassification
DROPPED RU DESIGNATION
Favorable cancer reclassification
Groundwater monitoring has shown
it’s less likely to leach than others
DROPPED RU DESIGNATION
Favorable cancer reclassification
Groundwater monitoring has shown
it’s less likely to leach than others
Surface water monitoring has shown
amounts not likely to pose risk to
aquatic plants and animals
SEEDLING SHOOT INHIBITORS
Group Site of Action Family Product
15
Long-chain
fatty acid
inhibition (4)
Chloroacet-
amide
Dual II Mag
Outlook
Micro-Tech
Harness
Surpass
6
ACETOCHLOR RODUCTS
Product Acetochlor Atrazine Company
Harness 7 lb/gal - Monsanto
Harness Xtra 4.3 lb/gal 1.7 lb/gal Monsanto
Harness Xtra 5.6L 3.1 lb/gal 2.5 lb/gal Monsanto
Degree Xtra 2.7 lb/gal 1.34 lb/gal Monsanto
Warrant 3 lb/gal - Monsanto
Surpass 6.4 lb/gal - Dow
Keystone 3 lb/gal 2.25 lb/gal Dow
ACETOCHLOR RODUCTS
Product
Acetochlor
Clopyralid
“Stinger”
Flumetsulam
“Python”
SureStart 3.75 lb/gal 0.38 lb/gal 0.12 lb/gal
TripleFLEX 3.75 lb/gal 0.38 lb/gal 0.12 lb/gal
CHLOROACETAMIDE
EFFECTIVENESS*
Annual Grasses
& Nutsedge
Harness
Surpass
Outlook
Dual
Crabgrass 9 9 9
Barnyardgrass 9 9 9
Fall Panicum 8+ 8+ 8+
Foxtails 9 9 9
Nutsedge 7+ 7+ 8
*Penn State Agronomy Guide
CHLOROACETAMIDE
EFFECTIVENESS*
Annual
Broadleaf
Harness
Surpass
Outlook
Dual
Velvetleaf 6 N N
Pigweeds 9 8 8
C. Ragweed 7+ 6 6
Lambsquarters 7 6 6
E B Nightshade 8+ 7+ 7+
*Penn State Agronomy Guide
PRE ACETOCHLOR ACOR0312
Hybrid - DKC 42-72
Planted - May 15, 2012
Sprayed - PRE – May 16
Rainfall - Week 1 – Trace
- Week 2 – 1.05 in.
Untreated Check
7
PRE ACETOCHLOR ACOR0312
Rate % Control 3 WAT
Herbicide Amt/A Rag Lambs
Harness 7EC 2.2 pt 50 50
Harness Xtra 5.6L 2.3 qt 99 99
Bicep II Magnum 2.1 qt 100 99
Untreated - 0 0
LSD (0.05) 15 15
PRE ACETOCHLOR ACOR0312
Rate % Control 3 WAT
Herbicide Amt/A Fox Must
Harness 7EC 2.2 pt 97 55
Harness Xtra 5.6L 2.3 qt 100 100
Bicep II Magnum 2.1 qt 99 99
Untreated - 0 0
LSD (0.05) 3 15
PRE ACETOCHLOR ACOR0312
Rate Yield
Herbicide Amt/A Bu/A
Harness 7EC 2.2 pt 158
Harness Xtra 5.6L 2.3 qt 158
Bicep II Magnum 2.1 qt 166
Untreated - 91
LSD (0.05) 21
PRE ACETOCHLOR ACOR0412
Hybrid - DKC 42-91
Planted - May 24, 2012
Sprayed - PRE – May 24
Rainfall - Week 1 – 1.05 in.
- Week 2 – 0.89 in.
PRE ACETOCHLOR ACOR0412
Rate % Foxtail Control
Herbicide Amt/A 4 WAT 14 WAT
Keystone 2.6 qt 100 98
Keystone
+ Prowl H2O
2 qt
2 pt
100 99
Untreated - 0 0
LSD (0.05) 0 2
PRE ACETOCHLOR ACOR0412
Rate % Ragweed Control
Herbicide Amt/A 4 WAT 14 WAT
Keystone 2.6 qt 100 100
Keystone
+ Prowl H2O
2 qt
2 pt
100 100
Untreated - 0 0
LSD (0.05) 14 2
8
PRE ACETOCHLOR ACOR0412
Rate Yield
Herbicide Amt/A Bu/A
Keystone 2.6 qt 183
Keystone
+ Prowl H2O
2 qt
2 pt
190
Untreated - 117
LSD (0.05) 32
CORN WEED CONTROL
RR crop trends and questions
Herbicide resistance update
Acetochlor registered in NY
PRE vs. POST weed control
PRE VS POST CONTROL ACOR0210 & ACOR0211
2010 2011
Hybrid DKC 42-91 DKC 42-91
Planted May 20 May 25
Sprayed PRE – May 25 PRE – May 25
Rainfall Week 1 – 0.24 in.
Week 2 – 2.11 in.
Week 1 – 0.71 in.
Week 2 – 0.07 in.
Untreated Check - 2010
PRE VS EPO CONTROL ACOR0210 & ACOR0111
Rate When % Control Yield
Herbicide Amt/A Appl Rag Fox Bu/A
Lumax
+ AAtrex
2.5 qt
1 pt
PRE
PRE
93 83
Untreated - - 0 0
•Applied with 0.25% (v/v) NIS and 3.4 lb/A AMS.
9
2.5 qt Lumax + 1 pt AAtrex - PRE PRE VS EPO CONTROL
ACOR0210 & ACOR0111
Rate When % Control Yield
Herbicide Amt/A Appl Rag Fox Bu/A
Lumax
+ AAtrex
2.5 qt
1 pt
PRE
PRE
93 83 141
Untreated - - 0 0 42
•Applied with 0.25% (v/v) NIS and 3.4 lb/A AMS.
PRE VS EPO CONTROL ACOR0210 & ACOR0111
2010 2011
Hybrid DKC 42-91 DKC 42-91
Planted May 20 May 25
Sprayed - EPO June 11 June 10
Weeds 2 inches 1 inch
PRE VS EPO CONTROL ACOR0210 & ACOR0111
Rate When % Control Yield
Herbicide Amt/A Appl Rag Fox Bu/A
Lumax
+ AAtrex
2.5 qt
1 pt
PRE
PRE
93 83
Halex GT *
+ AAtrex
3.6 pt
1 pt
EPO
EPO
99 97
Untreated - - 0 0 42
•Applied with 0.25% (v/v) NIS and 3.4 lb/A AMS.
PRE VS EPO CONTROL ACOR0210 & ACOR0111
Rate When % Control Yield
Herbicide Amt/A Appl Rag Fox Bu/A
Lumax
+ AAtrex
2.5 qt
1 pt
PRE
PRE
93 83 141
Halex GT *
+ AAtrex
3.6 pt
1 pt
EPO
EPO
99 97 153
Untreated - - 0 0 42
•Applied with 0.25% (v/v) NIS and 3.4 lb/A AMS.
EPO VS MPO CONTROL ACOR0210 & ACOR0111
2010 2011
Hybrid DKC 42-91 DKC 42-91
Planted May 20 May 25
Sprayed - EPO June 11 June 10
Weeds 2 inches 1 inch
Sprayed - MPO June 18 June 20
Weeds 4 – 5 inches 2 – 6 inches
10
EPO VS MPO CONTROL ACOR0210 & ACOR0111
Rate When % Control Yield
Herbicide Amt/A Appl Rag Fox Bu/A
Halex GT *
+ AAtrex
3.6 pt
1 pt
EPO
EPO
99 97
Halex GT *
+ AAtrex
3.6 pt
1 pt
MPO
MPO
100 99
Untreated - - 0 0
•Applied with 0.25% (v/v) NIS and 3.4 lb/A AMS.
3.6 pt Halex GT + 1 pt AAtrex
0.4 pt NIS + 3.4 lb AMS - EPO
3.6 pt Halex GT + 1 pt AAtrex
0.4 pt NIS + 3.4 lb AMS -MPO
EPO VS MPO CONTROL ACOR0210 & ACOR0111
Rate When % Control Yield
Herbicide Amt/A Appl Rag Fox Bu/A
Halex GT *
+ AAtrex
3.6 pt
1 pt
EPO
EPO
99 97 153
Halex GT *
+ AAtrex
3.6 pt
1 pt
MPO
MPO
100 99 139
Untreated - - 0 0 42
•Applied with 0.25% (v/v) NIS and 3.4 lb/A AMS.
CORN WEED CONTROL
RR crop trends and questions
Herbicide resistance update
Acetochlor registered in NY
PRE vs. POST weed control
Dandelion management in
zone-tillage corn
11
PREVENTING ESTABLISHMENT
Document the value of residual
herbicides in preventing dandelion
encroachment
Determine if reduced rates of
residual herbicides will work
GR CORN/SOYBEAN
ROTATION EXPERIMENT
Field was fall plowed in 2009 to
eliminate established dandelions
GR CORN/SOYBEAN
ROTATION EXPERIMENT
Field was fall plowed in 2009 to
eliminate established dandelions
Initiated in 2010 at Aurora with five
rotations of corn or soybeans as
main plots with five replications
CROP ROTATIONS Main Plots - 12 Rows x 300 ft.
# 2010 2011 2012 2013 Residual
1 Corn Corn Corn Corn With residual
2 Corn Soy
Corn Soy Residual in both
3 Soy Corn Soy
Corn Residual in both
4 Corn Soy Corn
Soy Residual in corn
5 Soy Corn
Soy
Corn
Residual in corn
GR CORN/SOYBEAN
ROTATION EXPERIMENT Field was fall plowed in 2009 to
eliminate established dandelions
Initiated in 2010 at Aurora with five
rotations of corn or soybeans as
main plots with five replications
Sub-plots of glyphosate alone or
1/2, 2/3, or full rates of residuals
in 2010 and in 2011
RESIDUAL PROGRAMS Sub-Plots – 12 rows x 75 ft.
Crop
Herbicide
Program
When
Appl.
Corn Lumax + Roundup EPO
Soybean 1 Canopy
fb Roundup
PRE
MPO
Soybean 2 Enlite
fb Roundup
+ Synchrony XP
PRE
MPO
MPO
12
COUNTS 4/30/2012
DANDELIONS PER 1000 SQ FT ROTATIONS 1 - 2 - 4
Herbicides Rotation 1
Corn - Corn
Rotation 2
Corn - Soy
Rotation 4*
Corn - Soy
Roundup PM 297 475
1/2 X
Residual**
20 108
2/3 X
Residual**
11 73
1X Residual** 5 29
* Residual in corn only.
**Applied with 22 fl oz Roundup PM.
DANDELIONS PER 1000 SQ FT ROTATIONS 1 - 2 - 4
Herbicides Rotation 1
Corn - Corn
Rotation 2
Corn - Soy
Rotation 4*
Corn - Soy
Roundup PM 297 475 452
1/2 X
Residual**
20 108 332
2/3 X
Residual**
11 73 277
1X Residual** 5 29 283
* Residual in corn only.
**Applied with 22 fl oz Roundup PM.
DANDELIONS PER 1000 SQ FT ROTATIONS 1 - 3 - 5
Herbicides Rotation 1
Corn - Corn
Rotation 3
Soy - Corn
Rotation 5*
Soy - Corn
Roundup PM 297 270
1/2 X
Residual**
20 30
2/3 X
Residual**
11 10
1X Residual** 5 9
* Residual in corn only.
**Applied with 22 fl oz Roundup PM.
DANDELIONS PER 1000 SQ FT ROTATIONS 1 - 3 - 5
Herbicides Rotation 1
Corn - Corn
Rotation 3
Soy - Corn
Rotation 5*
Soy - Corn
Roundup PM 297 270 238
1/2 X
Residual**
20 30 76
2/3 X
Residual**
11 10 73
1X Residual** 5 9 74
* Residual in corn only.
**Applied with 22 fl oz Roundup PM.
DANDELION MANAGEMENT
IN ZONE-TILLAGE
Preventing establishment in
zone-tillage soybeans and corn
Controlling established plants
in continuous zone-tillage
13
DANDELION CONTROL
ZONE-TILLAGE SOYBEANS ASOY0311 and ASOY0212
2011 2012
Variety - AG 2002 AG 2031
Early Preplant - May 21 May 11
Planted - June 8 June 15
Glyphosate - July 7 July 9
% DANDELION CONTROL ZONE-TILLAGE SOYBEANS
ASOY0311 and ASOY0212
Herbicides* Rate
Amt/A
2011 (4)
5 WAT
2012 (5)
4 WAT
Express** 0.375 oz 95 85
Express** 0.5 oz 97 84
Untreated - 0 0
LSD (0.05) 11 9
*Received 22 fl oz/A Roundup PowerMax MPO
**Applied with 1% (v/v) crop oil concentrate.
DANDELION CONTROL ZONE-TILLAGE SOYBEANS
ASOY0311 and ASOY0212
Herbicides* Rate
Amt/A
2011 (4)
Bu/A
2012 (5)
Bu/A
Express** 0.375 oz 43 42
Express** 0.5 oz 42 44
Untreated - 34 18
LSD (0.05) 9 5
*Received 22 fl oz/A Roundup PowerMax MPO
**Applied with 1% (v/v) crop oil concentrate.
Recommended