CPR and First Aid

CPR and First AidPart 1

Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

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Respiratory System

Upper Airway:• Nasal Cavity• Oral Cavity• Pharynx• Epiglottis

Lower Airway:• Larynx• Trachea• Lungs• Bronchus• Bronchioles• Alveoli• Capillaries

Respiratory RatesAge Breaths/minuteAdults 12 – 20 breaths/minute6yrs - adult 18 – 25 breaths/minute1 – 3 yrs 20 – 30 breaths/minute6 months 25 – 40 breaths/minute0-6 weeks 30 – 60 breaths/minute

Tachypnea: more than 20 breaths per minute

Bradypnea: less than 12 breaths per minute

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Heart RatesAge beats/minuteAdults 60 – 1006 yrs – adult 70 – 110 3 – 6 years 80 – 120 6 months – 1yr 90 – 120 1 – 6 weeks 100 – 160 0 – 1 week 120 – 160

Tachycardia: more than 100 beats per minute

Bradycardia: less than 60 beats per minute

BLS Resuscitation & CPRBasic Life Saving Resuscitation & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

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Follow CABC – CirculationA – AirwayB – Breathing

1. Check for responsiveness - Tap and Shout

2. Call for Help

3. Look, Listen & Feel• Breaths present? Chest moving up and down?

• Rate, rhythm, quality, depth• Pulse present? (Carotid)

4. 30 Chest Pumps• Heel of hand at center of chest, other hand on

top• Press chest in 5cm at rate of 100/min

5. Open Airway• Head Tilt/Chin Lift• Jaw Thrust

6. 2 Rescue Breaths at a rate of 1/second

7. Check for chest rise and fall. If not…

8. Reposition, 2 rescue Breaths again

9. Repeat 30 chest compressions

10.Repeat 2 Rescue Breaths

11.Continue until help arrives

Compression/Ventilation Ratio

30 : 2Compression Rate

100/min

Bee Gees

Queen

2 Person CPR• One person giving compressions, one person giving breaths

• Maintain 30:2 ratio

• Maintain 100 compressions / min

• Switch places every 5 cycles or every 2 minutes

Infant CPR• Same as adult CPR, but use 2 fingers

• Compress chest 1/3 – 1/2 the depth of the chest

AEDAutomated External Defibrillator

What is an AED? Measures the heart rhythm Decides if it can shock the

heart Shocks heart Restarts the heartbeat

AED Procedure Turn on AED – follow instructions Remove clothing (provided scissors) Place pads on patient Plug pads in Step away from patient— “I’m clear, you’re clear,

we’re all clear.” Remain not touching patient. If shock is advised

deliver shock Resume CPR with compressions If shock is not advised, continue with compressions

AED Pads:Child pads: May NOT be used on

adults

Adult pads: MAY be used on children and adults

Choking & Airway Obstruction

How do you know someone is choking? If coughing—airway still clear If speaking—airway still clear If yelling—airway still clearHeavy breathing—airway still clear

Universal sign for choking

Abdominal ThrustsAdult Child

Pregnant Woman – Chest Thrusts Baby

If the person passes out….Start CPR