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Core Pulmonary Concepts
Lung volumes and capacities
Pulmonary Function
Lung volumes Tidal volume (Vt)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Expiratory Reserve volume (ERV)
Residual volume (RV)
Lung capacities Vital capacity (VC)
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
Functional Residual Capacity
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Spirometery
Core measurements FVC
Forced vital capacity: maximum volume that can be exhaled forcefully (aka VC)
FEV1: forced expiratory volume 1 second
maximum volume exhaled in the first second of the test
Core measurements Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR): Maximum flow rate during a FVC
maneuver; varies with sex, age, height, etc.
FEF25-75% : forced expiratory flow, 25-75%-the average flow rate dudring the mid portion of the test
Flow-volume loop
Diagnostic terms Obstructive
Flow-limited defect Difficulty getting the
air out of the lungs The following values
are all diminished: FVC, PEFR, FEV1,
FEF25-75
Restrictive Volume-limited
defect Difficulty getting the
air into the lung The following values
are diminished: FVC, FE 1, TLC Flows are normal
Lung disease via PFT Flow-limited
All flows are diminished
PEFR FEF25-75
Hallmark: air trapping
Volume-limited Flows are normal to
super-normal (elasticity of lungs is increased)
Volumes are small
Hallmark: “tiny” lungs
Key values
FEV1--gold standard All research in lung function reports this
value
FEF25-75% -another standard Reflects, anatomically, the small to medium
size airways (bronchi)
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