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Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chapter 8
The Goat Industry
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Goat History
• Among first domesticated animals– Used for milk, meat, and fiber
– Hides became clothing and housing materials
– Adapted easily to nomadic lifestyle
– Survived on sparse vegetation
– Were popular on trade ships
(continued)
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Goat History
• Likely brought to America first by Christopher Columbus
• Today, country has millions
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
U.S. Goat Industry
• Worldwide, goat meat and milk outpace cow milk or beef– Easier to keep
– Cheaper to maintain
(continued)
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
U.S. Goat Industry
• Three categories:– Meat
– Dairy
– Fiber
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Meat Goats
• Insignificant in U.S. agriculture, though growing
• Some religions and cultures use as beef alternatives
(continued)
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Meat Goats
• Goat meat nutritionally desirable– Good source of protein
– Very lean
– Low in fat and cholesterol
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Milk Goats
• Goat milk’s benefits make it popular worldwide– Good for people who are lactose intolerant or have
allergies
– Naturally homogenized and easily digested
– Good source of calcium
– Complete protein with all amino acids
(continued)
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Milk Goats
• Goat milk’s benefits make it popular worldwide– No heavy fat content
– High in some vitamins
• Goat milk has other applications– Soap and lotion
– Moisturizer
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Goat Fiber
• Some of the finest fabrics come from fiber goats
• Common fiber goat breeds:– Cashmere
– Angora
– Pygora
(continued)
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Goat Fiber
• Goat leather– Another by-product of goat industry
– Strong and durable
– Thinner than cow hide
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Goat Production
• Commercial– Provide high-quality carcasses for meat industry
– Low ratio of fat-to-lean
• Purebred– Provide high-quality herd sires and replacement does for
breeding
– Improve breed overall
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Meat Goat Breeds
• Terminology– Male goat, mature: Billy
– Female goat, mature: Nanny
– Male, castrated: Wether
(continued)
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Meat Goat Breeds
• Types:– Boer
– Kiko
– Tennessee Fainting
– Savanna
– Spanish
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Dual-Purpose Goats
• Nubian
• Kinder
• Spanish
• Pygmy
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Dairy Goat Breeds
• Terminology– Male goat, mature: Buck
– Female goat, mature: Doe
– Male goat, castrated: Wether
– Female, young: Doeling
– Male, young: Buckling
(continued)
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Dairy Goat Breeds
• Types:– Alpine
– Saanen and Sable
– Oberhasli
– Toggenburg
– LaMancha
– Nigerian Dwarf
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Anatomy and Physiology
• Goats closely related to deer, antelope, and sheep
• Well adapted to varied climates– Agile and maneuver well over rough terrain
– Use forages like other ruminants
– Strip leaves and grass
(continued)
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Anatomy and Physiology
• Meat and dairy goats have different body types– Dairy: Shaped like triangle from above and thinner,
flatter bone
– Meat: More rectangular shape and ample bone
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Goat Breeding
• Can produce one to four offspring after five-month gestation
• Seasonal
• For some, optimal goal is 100 percent kidding– Every doe has at least one kid every breeding season
– Females that do not should be considered for culling
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Goat Nutrition
• When fed well, goats do not eat tin cans, clothing, or garbage– Actually picky eaters
• Commercial feeds available– Meat production
– Milk production
– Custom blends
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Goat Housing, Fencing, and Protection
• Southwestern goats require shade– But no buildings
• Housing varies in other parts of U.S.– Can be enclosed fully or partially
– Must be clean, dry, and well ventilated
(continued)
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Goat Housing, Fencing, and Protection
• Good fencing important– Keep goats in
– Keep predators out
• Livestock guardians– One option for predators
– Donkeys, mules, llamas, or dogs
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Goat Parasites
• Susceptible to internal parasites or worm overload due to:– Grazing behavior
– Poor immunity
• Good management practices and dewormers or Anthelmintics help control internal parasites
(continued)
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Goat Parasites
• External parasites can cause production loss and weaken herd– E.g., lice, mites, flies, ticks
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Summary
• U.S. goat industry should grow in popularity
• Goats typically categorized by purpose
(continued)
Copyright © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Summary
• Goats are unique alternative– Provide alternative to cow milk
– Produce lean carcasses
– Can survive with varied housing and fencing options
– Use forage other ruminants do not
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