View
214
Download
2
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
2
Maternal Deaths
• Healthy People 2010 objectives
• See figures 16-4 and 16-5
• Reduce maternal deaths
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
3
Maternal Deaths
• Causes of maternal deaths:– Hemorrhage– Ectopic pregnancy– Pregnancy induced hypertension– Infection and other complications
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
4
Maternal Deaths
• Those at risk:– Women in rural areas– African Americans– Women who live near Indian reservations
• Public health nurse should assess for: – Factors indicating high risk pregnancy– Biophysical risk assessment
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
5
Maternal Deaths
• Public health nurse should assess for: – Factors indicating high risk pregnancy– Biophysical risk assessment– Psychosocial assessment– Client perception– Immigration problems– Ethnicity and culture– Health behaviors
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
6
Maternal Deaths
• Morbidity related to complications of pregnancy– Uterine prolapse– Fistulae– Incontinence– Pain during intercourse– Infertility
• Postpartum depression checklist
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
7
Reduce Rate ofFetal and Infant Deaths
• Low birth weight leading cause of death in infants
• Factors contributing to low birth weight:– Preterm delivery– Inadequate prenatal care– Alcohol and tobacco use– Drug use, poor nutrition, STDs
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
8
Reduce Rate ofFetal and Infant Deaths
• Low birth rate may cause the following: – Respiratory distress– Infection– Intracranial hemorrhage– Blindness– Developmental delay– Feeding problems
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
9
Reduce Rate ofFetal and Infant Deaths
• Other factors contributing to infant morbidity– Neural tube defects and fetal alcohol
syndrome
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
10
Reduce Rate ofFetal and Infant Deaths
• Anticipatory guidance
• Reduce rate of child death– Motor vehicle accidents and unintentional
injuries
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
11
Reduce Rate ofFetal and Infant Deaths
• Reduce rate of child death– Leading cause of death in children ages 1-4
years• Bright Futures guidelines• Immunizations• Assess for iron-deficient anemia and child abuse
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
12
Reduce Rate ofAdolescent and Young Adult Deaths
• Leading cause of death due to unintentional injuries– Motor vehicle accidents, falls, drowning– Poisonings, homicides, suicides
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
13
Reduce Rate ofAdolescent and Young Adult Deaths
• Health issues facing adolescents today:– Dietary and exercise habits– Problem solving and coping strategies– Alcohol, drug, tobacco use– Early and unprotected sex, unsafe driving– Participation in delinquent activities
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
14
Teen Pregnancy
• Contributing factors to teen pregnancy:– Early onset of puberty– Early age of intercourse– Increased sexual activity– No contraceptive use– Decreased knowledge about sex
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
15
Teen Pregnancy
• Three goals of comprehensive programs that address teen pregnancy:
1. Delay or halt sexual activity
2. Provide access to contraception
3. Strengthen life goals
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
16
Teen Pregnancy
• Care coordination – Healthy Families American Initiative Criteria
• Service initiation• Service content• Staff characteristics
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
17
Reduce Obesity and Improve Nutrition in Children and Adolescents
• Overweight and obesity are risk factors for:
– Asthma, type II diabetes, cardiovascular risk, sleep apnea, psychosocial consequences
• Two areas identified:1. Food consumption
2. Physical activity
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
18
Healthy Eating
• Guidelines for school lunch program – Provide more nutritious food and beverages
for foods sold a la carte– Increase number and variety of healthy food
choices– Encourage moderation rather than over-
consumption
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
19
Physical Activity
• Comprehensive school health model– Separate, female only physical education
class– Focus on physical activities selected by
students– Instruction on health benefits of physical
activity
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
20
Physical Activity
• Comprehensive school health model– Use of stairs versus elevator and walking
instead of driving– Fun, interactive, weight control programs– Gradual increase in activity level– Use of program leaders who have been
overweight in the past or currently managing their weight
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
21
Education and Community Based Programs
• Overall goal is to increase quality, availability, effectiveness of educational and community based programs such as:– Programs designed to prevent disease– Programs designed to improve health and
quality of life for children and adolescents
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
22
Healthy People 2010
• School health education should address:– Injury prevention, tobacco use– Alcohol and illicit drug use– Sexual behaviors that result in pregnancy and
STDs– Dietary patterns that cause disease– Inadequate physical inactivity
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
23
Coordinated School Health Program
• Eight components:1. Physical education2. Health services3. Counseling4. Psychological services5. Social services6. Healthy school environment7. Health promotion for staff8. Family/community involvement
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
24
National Association of School Nurses
• Comprehensive school health education curriculum addresses the following: – Personal, family, community, environmental
health, sexuality, emotional and mental health– Injury prevention, nutrition– Prevention and control of disease– Substance use and abuse
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
25
Maternal and Child HealthServices and Public Health Nursing
• Primary goal for public health nursing:– Attain, regain, or maintain health of mothers,
children and families
• Public health nursing practice– Promote normal growth and development– Facilitate health promotion and wellness
Recommended