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Basic Life SupportBasic Life Support
CPRCPR
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IntroductionIntroduction
x Mr. Kx ASU basketball gamex Student: You saved my childs lifex Introduce Annie
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CPR Training PrecautionsCPR Training Precautions
x Do not practice on a personx
Clean faces properly after eachusex Alcoholx Bleach wash
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Do Not Use A Manikin If:Do Not Use A Manikin If:
x Cold or sore throatx Known positive hepatitis B
or Cx
Infected by HIV or AIDSx You have an infection
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CPRCPRx Combines rescue breathing andchest compressions
x Revives heart (cardio) and lung(pulmonary) functioning
x Use when there is no breathing andno pulse
x Provides O2 to the brain untilACLS arrives
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How CPR WorksHow CPR Worksx Effective CPR provides 1/4 to
1/3 normal blood flowx Rescue breaths contain 16%oxygen (21%)
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Start CPR ImmediatelyStart CPR Immediately
x Better chance of survivalx Brain damage starts in 4-6
minutesx
Brain damage is certain after10 minutes without CPR
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Do Not Move the VictimDo Not Move the VictimUntil CPR is Given andUntil CPR is Given andQualified HelpQualified HelpArrivesArrives
x unless the scene dictatesotherwisex threat of fire or explosionx victim must be on a hard surfacex Place victim level or head slightly
lower than body
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Even With SuccessfulEven With SuccessfulCPR, Most WontCPR, Most WontSurvive Without ACLSSurvive Without ACLS
x ACLS (AdvancedCardiac LifeSupport)
x
ACLS includesdefibrillation,oxygen, drug
therapy
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Survey The Scene,Survey The Scene,then: RAPthen: RAPx R -
Responsivenessx Tap shoulderand shout Are
you ok?
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RAPRAPx A - Activate EMS ( if unresponsive)
x YOU - call 911 come back and let meknow what they said (another can stay by
the phone)x You may have to make the call
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RAPRAPx P - Position on backx All body parts rolled over at
the same timex Always be aware of head andspinal cord injuries
x Support neck and spinal
column
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ABCDABCDx Airwayx
Breathing x Circulation - Bleeding x Disability (keep this in mind from
the beginning)x If victim is unconscious but does
display vital signs, place on left side
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Checking Vital SignsChecking Vital Signsx A Airway
x Open the airwayx Head tilt chin lift
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B Check For Breathing B Check For Breathing
x Look, listen and
feel forbreathing x No longer than
10 secondsseconds
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Breathing Breathing x If the victim is not breathing,
give two breaths (1 second or
longer)x Pinch the nosex Seal the mouth with yours
x If the first two dont go in, re-tilt and give two more breaths(if breaths still do not go in,suspect choking)
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Breathing: Mouth ToBreathing: Mouth To
Nose (when to use)Nose (when to use)x
Cant open mouthx Cant make a good sealx Severely injured mouthx Stomach distension
x Mouth to stoma(tracheotomy)
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CompressionsCompressionsx After giving breathsx Locate proper hand position for chest
compressionsx Place heel of one hand on center of chest
between the nipples OR
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CompressionsCompressionsx Using both hands, give
30 chest compressionsx Count 1, 2, 3
x Depth of compressions: 1.5 to 2 inches
x For children: to 1/3 ofchest depth and use 1 or2 hands (keep one hand
on forehead if possible)
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CPRCPRx After 30 chest compressions
give:x 2 slow breathsx Continue until help arrives or
victim recoversx If the victim starts moving:
check breathing
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When Can I Stop When Can I StopCPR?CPR?
x Victim revivesx Trained help arrivesx Too exhausted to continuex Unsafe scenex
Physician directed (do not resuscitateorders)x Cardiac arrest of longer than 30 minutes
x (controversial)
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When to Stop CPR When to Stop CPRx Victim revivesx
Replaced by another rescuerx Too exhausted
x Trucker
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Two Partner Two Partner
CPRCPRx Rescuer 1:
x RAPABx Rescuer 2:
x place hands for compressionsx Compression rate: 30:2x Switch off when tiredx 1 and 2..4 and change
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Checking for CPRChecking for CPR
EffectivenessEffectivenessx Does chest rise and fall with
rescue breaths?x Have a second rescuer check
pulse while you givecompressions
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Why CPR May Fail Why CPR May Failx Delay in startingx Improper procedures (ex. Forget to
pinch nose)x No ACLS follow-up and delay in
defibrillationx Only 15% who receive CPR live to go homex Improper techniques
x Terminal disease or unmanageabledisease (massive heart attack)
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Injuries Related toInjuries Related to
CPRCPRx
Rib fracturesx Laceration related to
the tip of the sternumx Liver, lung, spleen
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Complications ofComplications of
CPRCPRx Vomiting
x
Aspirationx Place victim on left sidex
Wipe vomit from mouth withfingers wrapped in a clothx Reposition and resume CPR
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Stomach DistensionStomach Distensionx Air in the stomach
x Creates pressure against thelungs
x Prevention of Stomach Distensionx Dont blow too hardx Slow rescue breathingx Re-tilt the head to make sure the airway is
openx Use mouth to nose method
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Mouth to Mouth Barrier Mouth to Mouth Barrier
DevicesDevicesx Masksx Shields
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If You Are Afraid to PerformIf You Are Afraid to Perform
CPRCPRx Call EMSx Open the airwayx Give chest compressions
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Choking Choking x The tongue is the most common
obstruction in the unconscious victim(head tilt- chin lift)
x Vomitx Foreign body
x Balloonsx
Foodsx Swelling (allergic reactions/ irritants)x Spasm (water is inhaled suddenly)
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How To RecognizeHow To Recognize
Choking Choking x Can you hear breathing orcoughing sounds?
x High pitched breathing sounds?x Is the cough strong or weak?x Cant speak, breathe or coughx Universal distress signal (clutches
neck)x
Turning blue
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Recognizing Choking Recognizing Choking
#2#2x A partial airway obstruction
with poor air exchange shouldbe treated as if it were acomplete airway blockage.
x If victim is coughing strongly,do not intervene
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Conscious Choking Conscious Choking ( ( Adult Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Adult Foreign Body Airway Obstruction ) )x Give 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich
maneuver)x Place fist just above the
umbilicus (normal size)x Give 5 upward and inward thrustsx Pregnant or obese? 5 chest thrusts
x Fists on sternumx If unsuccessful, support chest with one
hand and give back blows with the otherx Continue until successful or victim
becomes unconscious
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If You Are Choking AndIf You Are Choking And
You Are AloneYou Are Alonex Use fistx Use corner of furniturex Be creative
If Victim BecomesIf Victim Becomes
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If Victim BecomesIf Victim Becomes Unconscious AfterUnconscious AfterGiving ThrustsGiving Thrustsx Call 911
x Try to support victim with
your knees while loweringvictim to the floorx Assessx Begin CPRx After chest compressions,
check for object before givingbreaths breaths
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You Enter An Empty RoomYou Enter An Empty Room
And Find An UnconsciousAnd Find An UnconsciousVictim On The FloorVictim On The Floor
x What do you do?x Assess the victim (RAPABC)
x Give CPR if neededx After giving compressions:
x look for object in throatx then give breaths
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CPR for InfantsCPR for Infants
(Under 1 Year of Age)(Under 1 Year of Age)x Same procedures
(RAPAB) except:x Seal nose and mouth or
nose onlyx Give shallow puffsx
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CPR: InfantsCPR: Infantsx RAPABx Give CPR
x Press sternum 1/2 to 1/3depth of the chest
x
Use middle and ring fingerx 30 compressions to 2x If alone, resuscitate for 2
minutes then call 911
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Choking:Choking:
Conscious InfantsConscious Infantsx Position with head
downwardx 5 back blows (check for
expelled object)x 5 chest thrusts (check
for expelled object)x Repeat
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Choking: UnconsciousChoking: Unconscious
InfantsInfantsx If infant becomes unconscious:x RAPABx
When the first breaths dont go in, check forobject in throat then try 2 more breaths.x If neither set of breaths goes in, suspect
chokingx Begin 30 compressionsx Check for object in throat (no blind finger
sweep)x Give 2 breaths
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SIDSSIDSx 5000 per yearx Affects more males than femalesx No know causex No indication of problemx
Usually occurs during the sleepduring first 6 months of lifex Place baby on back (now, side)
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