View
228
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
7/27/2019 Control 508
1/31
Prevent diabetes problems
Number
1in a
Series
of 7
Keep your diabetesunder controlKeep your diabetesunder control
U.S. Department
of Health and
Human Services
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse
7/27/2019 Control 508
2/31
7/27/2019 Control 508
3/31
7/27/2019 Control 508
4/31
7/27/2019 Control 508
5/31
Contents
What are diabetes problems?................................. 1
Will I have diabetes problems?.............................. 1
What should my blood glucose numbers be? ....... 2
How can I nd out what my average bloodglucose is? ................................................................ 3
What should my blood pressure be? ..................... 5What should my cholesterol be?............................ 6
What does smoking have to do with diabetes problems?................................................................. 7
What else can I do to prevent diabetes
problems?................................................................. 8
Things to Check or Good Diabetes Care ............ 9
How to Use the Daily Diabetes Record Page..... 14
Pronunciation Guide............................................. 19
For More Inormation .......................................... 20More in the Series ................................................. 22
Acknowledgments ................................................. 23
7/27/2019 Control 508
6/31
7/27/2019 Control 508
7/31
What are diabetes problems?
Too much glucose* in the blood or a long time cancause diabetes problems. This high blood glucose,also called blood sugar, can damage many parts othe body, such as the heart, blood vessels, eyes, andkidneys. Heart and blood vessel disease can leadto heart attacks and strokes. You can do a lot toprevent or slow down diabetes problems.
Will I have diabetes problems?
Maybe. You may have one or more diabetesproblems or none at all. I you get diabetes
when you are young, you may not have diabetesproblems or many years. I you nd out you havediabetes as an adult, you may already have diabetesproblems. Either way, keeping yourblood glucose, blood pressure, andcholesterol under control can
prevent diabetes problems.
*See page 19 or tipson how to say the
words in bold type.Be active to preventdiabetes problems.
7/27/2019 Control 508
8/31
What should my blood glucose numbers be?
Keeping your blood glucose on target can preventor delay diabetes problems. The chart belowshows target blood glucose levels or most people
with diabetes.
Target Blood Glucose Levelsfor People with Diabetes
Beore meals 70 to 130
1 to 2 hours ater the start o a meal less than 180
Talk with your health care provider about whatyour blood glucose numbers should be and writethem here:
My Target Blood Glucose Levels
Beore meals ______ to ______
1 to 2 hours ater the start o a meal less than _______
Talk with your health care provider about whenyou need to check your blood glucose using a bloodglucose meter. You will do the checks yoursel.Your health care provider can teach you how to use
your meter.
7/27/2019 Control 508
9/31
Keep track o your blood glucose checks usingthe record page in this booklet on pages 16 and
17. Make copies yoursel or ask your health careprovider or a blood glucose record book. Yourblood glucose check results will help you and yourhealth care provider make a plan or keeping yourblood glucose under control. Always bring yourrecord book to your doctor visits so you can talk
about reaching your glucose goals.
How can I fnd out what my averageblood glucose is?
Ask your health care provider or theA1C test.This blood test shows the average amount oglucose in your blood during the past 2 to 3months. Have this test done at least twice a year.I your A1C result is not on target, your healthcare provider may do this test more oten to see i
your result is improving as your treatment changes.Your A1C result plus your blood glucose meterresults can show whether your blood glucose isunder control.
7/27/2019 Control 508
10/31
The A1C target or most people with diabetes isbelow 7 percent. Ask your health care provider i
this target is right or you. Then write your A1Ctarget here:
My A1C target is ____________ percent.
I your A1C test result is on target, then your bloodglucose is in a desirable range and your diabetestreatment plan is working. The lower your A1C is,the lower your chance o having health problems.
I your result is too high, you may need a changein your diabetes plan. Your health care team can
help you decide what part o your plan to change.You may need to change your meal plan, yourdiabetes medicines, or your physical activity plan.
What Your A1C Result Means
My A1C Result My Average Blood Glucose
6% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
7% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
8% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
9% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
10% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
11% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
12% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
7/27/2019 Control 508
11/31
What should my blood pressure be?
Normal blood pressure will help prevent damage to
your eyes, kidneys, heart, and blood vessels. Bloodpressure is written with two numbers separated bya slash. For example, 120/70 is said as 120 over70. The rst number should be below 130 andthe second number should be below 80. Keep yourblood pressure as close to these numbers as you
can. I you already have kidney disease, ask yourdoctor what numbers are best or you.
Meal planning, medicines, and physical activity canhelp you reach your blood pressure target.
Have your bloodpressure checkedat every visit.
7/27/2019 Control 508
12/31
What should my cholesterol be?
Normal cholesterol and blood at levels will help
prevent heart disease and stroke, the biggesthealth problems or people with diabetes. Keepingcholesterol levels under control can also help withblood fow. Have your blood at levels checked atleast once a year. Meal planning, physical activity,and medicines can help you reach your blood at
targets:
Target Blood Fat Levelsfor People with Diabetes
Total cholesterol below 200
LDL cholesterol below 100
HDL cholesterol above 40 (men)above 50 (women)
Triglycerides below 150
7/27/2019 Control 508
13/31
What does smoking have to do withdiabetes problems?
Smoking and diabetes are a dangerous combination.Smoking raises your risk or diabetes problems. I
you quit smoking, youll lower your risk or heartattack, stroke, nerve disease, and kidney disease.Your cholesterol and your blood pressure levelsmay improve. Your blood circulation will alsoimprove.
I you smoke, ask your health care provider orhelp in quitting.
7/27/2019 Control 508
14/31
Check your eet each day
to keep them healthy.
What else can I do to prevent diabetes problems?
You can do many things to prevent diabetesproblems. For example, to keep your eet healthy,check them each day. Ask your health care team
whether you should take a low-dose aspirin everyday to lower your risk or heart disease. To keep
your eyes healthy, visit an eye care proessionalonce a year or a complete eye examination thatincludes using drops in your eyes to dilate thepupils.
Make sure your doctorchecks your urine or
protein every year. At leastonce a year, your bloodcreatinine level should bechecked. Also once a year,
your health care providershould do a completeoot exam. See page 10or what you can do eachday to stay healthy withdiabetes. See pages 11to 13 or other things or
your health care providerto check or good diabetescare.
7/27/2019 Control 508
15/31
Things to Check or Good Diabetes Care
Taking care o diabetes is a team eort betweenyou and your health care teamdoctor, diabetesnurse educator, diabetes dietitian educator,pharmacist, and others. You are the mostimportant member o the team.
Take charge o your diabetes by learning what todo or good diabetes care:
things to do every day or good diabetes care(see page 10)
things or your health care provider to look
at every time you have a checkup (see pages11 and 12)
things or you or your health care providerto do at least once or twice a year (see pages12 and 13)
Keep a daily record o blood glucose check results.Make copies o the Daily Diabetes Record onpages 16 and 17 in this booklet. This inormation
will help you see whether you are reaching yourblood glucose goals.
You can prevent or slow down diabetes problemsby reaching your blood glucose, blood pressure,and cholesterol goals most o the time.
7/27/2019 Control 508
16/31
Things to Do Every Day or Good Diabetes Care
Follow the healthy eating plan that
you and your doctor or dietitian haveworked out.
Be active a total o 30 minutes mostdays. Ask your doctor what activitiesare best or you.
Take your medicines as directed.
Check your blood glucose every day.Each time you check your bloodglucose, write the number in yourrecord book.
Check your eet every day or cuts,blisters, sores, swelling, redness, orsore toenails.
Brush and foss your teeth every day.
Control your blood pressure andcholesterol.
Dont smoke.
0
7/27/2019 Control 508
17/31
Things or Your Health Care Provider to Lookat Every Time You Have a Checkup
Your blood
glucose records
Show your records to yourhealth care provider.
Tell your health care provideri you oten have low bloodglucose or high blood glucose.
Your weight Talk with your health careprovider about how much youshould weigh.
Talk about ways to reach yourgoal that will work or you.
Your blood
pressure
The goal or most people withdiabetes is less than 130/80.
Ask your health care providerabout ways to reach your goal.
Your
medicines
Talk with your health careprovider about any problems
you have had with yourmedicines.
Your feet Ask your health care providerto check your eet or problems.
7/27/2019 Control 508
18/31
Your physical
activity plan
Talk with your health careprovider about what you do
to stay active.
Your meal
plan
Talk about what you eat,how much you eat, and
when you eat.
Your feelings Ask your health care provider
about ways to handle stress.I you are eeling sad orunable to cope with problems,ask about how to get help.
Your smoking I you smoke, talk with yourhealth care provider abouthow you can quit.
Things or You or Your Health Care Providerto Do at Least Once or Twice a Year
A1C test Have this blood test at leasttwice a year (see pages 3 and4). Your result will tell you
what your average bloodglucose level was or the past2 to 3 months.
7/27/2019 Control 508
19/31
Blood lipid
(fats) lab tests
Get a blood test to check your
total cholesterolaim or
below 200 LDLaim or below 100
HDLmen: aim or above 40;women: aim or above 50
triglyceridesaim orbelow 150
These test results will help you planhow to prevent heart attack and stroke.
Kidneyfunction tests
Once a year, get a urine test tocheck or protein. At leastonce a year, get a blood test
to check or creatinine. Theresults will tell you how wellyour kidneys are working.
Dilated eyeexam
See an eye care proessionalonce a year or a completeeye exam.
Dental exam See your dentist twice a yearor a cleaning and checkup.
Foot exam Ask your health care providerto check your eet to makesure your oot nerves and yourblood circulation are OK.
Flu shot Get a fu shot each year.Pneumonia
vaccineGet one; i youre over 64 and
your shot was more than 5years ago, get one more.
7/27/2019 Control 508
20/31
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
How to Use the Daily Diabetes Record PageUse copies o the record page on pages 16 and 17to keep track o blood glucose checks, medicines,and notes about things that aect your bloodglucose. Make one copy o the record page oreach week. This record will help you see whether
your diabetes plan is working. Review your recordwith your health care provider.
Blood Glucose Checks
Talk with your health care provider and decide onthe best times to check blood glucose. You may bechecking blood glucose beore meals, ater meals,
or at bedtime. Write when to check here:
7/27/2019 Control 508
21/31
I needed, draw a line in the boxesunder Breakast, Lunch, and
Dinner to make room or bloodglucose check results beore and atera meal, like this example:
See page 2 or inormation about target bloodglucose levels.
Medicines
Under the heading marked Medicine, write thenames o your diabetes medicines and the amountstaken.
Notes
Write down things that aect your blood glucoselevel. Some examples are
eating more or less than usual
orgetting to take your diabetes medicine
exercisingwrite down what kind and or
how long
being sick or upset about somethingbeingunder stress
going to a social event or other special event, orbeing on vacation
7/27/2019 Control 508
22/31
Daily Diabetes Record* Week Starting ___________
Other
blood
glucose
Breakfast
blood
glucose
Medicine
Lunch
blood
glucose
Medicine
Dinner
blood
glucose
Medicine
Bedtime
blood
glucose
Medicine
Notes:
(Special events, sick days, exercise)
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
*Keepthiscopyclean.Makephotocopiesandwriteonthecopies.
16 17
7/27/2019 Control 508
23/31
My Health Care Team Members
Name and Address Phone NumberDoctor
Diabetesdietitian
educator
Diabetesnurseeducator
Eye careproessional
Dentist
Foot doctor
Pharmacist
Counselor
7/27/2019 Control 508
24/31
Pronunciation GuideA1C (AY-WUHN-SEE)
cholesterol (koh-LESS-tur-ol)
circulation (SUR-kyoo-LAY-shuhn)
creatinine (kree-AT-ih-neen)
glucose (GLOO-kohss)
triglycerides (try-GLISS-ur-eyedz)
7/27/2019 Control 508
25/31
For More Inormation
Diabetes Teachers (nurses, dietitians, pharmacists,and other health proessionals)
To nd a diabetes teacher near you, call theAmerican Association o Diabetes Educatorstoll-ree at 1800TEAMUP4 (8326874),or look on the Internet at
www.diabeteseducator.organd click on Find aDiabetes Educator.
Dietitians
To nd a dietitian near you,
call the American DieteticAssociation toll-ree at18008771600, or look on the Internet atwww.eatright.organd click on Find a NutritionProessional.
0
7/27/2019 Control 508
26/31
To get more inormation about taking care odiabetes, contact
National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse1 Inormation WayBethesda, MD 208923560Phone: 18008608747Fax: 7037384929Email: ndic@ino.niddk.nih.gov
Internet: www.diabetes.niddk.nih.gov
National Diabetes Education Program
1 Diabetes WayBethesda, MD 208923560Phone: 18004385383
Fax: 7037384929Internet: www.ndep.nih.gov
American Diabetes Association
1701 North Beauregard StreetAlexandria, VA 22311Phone: 1800DIABETES (3422383)Internet: www.diabetes.org
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
International
120 Wall StreetNew York, NY 100054001
Phone: 1800533CURE (2873)Internet: www.jdr.org
7/27/2019 Control 508
27/31
7/27/2019 Control 508
28/31
Acknowledgments
The National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse
thanks the people who helped review or field-test
this publication:
For theAmerican
Association of Diabetes
Educators
Lynn Grieger, R.D.,
C.D.E.Arlington, VTCelia Levesque, R.N.,
C.D.E.Montgomery, ALTeresa McMahon,
Pharm.D., C.D.E.Seattle, WABarbara Schreiner, R.N.,
M.N., C.D.E.
Galveston, TX
For theAmerican
Diabetes Association
Phyllis Barrier, M.S.,
R.D., C.D.E.Alexandria, VALinda Haas, Ph.C., R.N.,
C.D.E.Seattle, WA
Kathleen Mahoney,M.S.N., R.N., C.D.E.Drexel Hill, PARandi Kington, M.S.,
R.N., C.S., C.D.E.Hartford, CT
For the Centers for
Medicare & Medicaid
Services
Baltimore, MDJan Drass, R.N., C.D.E.
For the Diabetes Research
and Training Centers
Albert Einstein Schoolof Medicine
Norwalk HospitalNorwalk, CTJill Ely, R.N., C.D.E.Sam Engel, M.D.Pam Howard, A.P.R.N.,
C.D.E.
Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine
Indianapolis, INMadelyn Wheeler, M.S.,
R.D., F.A.D.A., C.D.E.
VA/JDF DiabetesResearch Center
Vanderbilt School ofMedicine
Nashville, TNOk Chon Allison,
M.S.N., R.N.C.S.,A.N.P., C.D.E.
Barbara Backer, B.S.James W. Pichert, Ph.D.Alvin Powers, M.D.Melissa E. SchweikhartMichael B. SmithKathleen Wolffe, R.N.
For the Grady Health
System Diabetes Clinic
Atlanta, GAErnestine Baker, R.N.,
F.N.P., C.D.E.Kris Ernst, R.N., C.D.E.Margaret Fowke, R.D.,
L.D.Kay Mann, R.N., C.D.E.
For the Indian Health
Service
Albuquerque, NMRuth Bear, R.D., C.D.E.Dorinda Bradley, R.N.,
C.D.E.Terry Fisher, R.N.Lorraine Valdez, R.N.,
C.D.E.
Red Lake, MN
Charmaine Branchaud,B.S.N., R.N., C.D.E.
For the Medlantic
Research CenterWashington, DCResa Levetan, M.D.
For the Texas Diabetes
Council
Texas Department ofHealth
Austin, TXLuby Garza-Abijaoude,
M.S., R.D., L.D.
23
7/27/2019 Control 508
29/31
7/27/2019 Control 508
30/31
National DiabetesInormation Clearinghouse
1 Inormation WayBethesda, MD 208923560Phone: 18008608747Fax: 7037384929Email: ndic@ino.niddk.nih.govInternet: www.diabetes.niddk.nih.gov
The National Diabetes Inormation Clearinghouse (NDIC)is a service o the National Institute o Diabetes and Digestiveand Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part othe National Institutes o Health o the U.S. Departmento Health and Human Services. Established in 1978, theClearinghouse provides inormation about diabetes to people
with diabetes and to their amilies, health care proessionals,and the public. The NDIC answers inquiries, develops anddistributes publications, and works closely with proessionaland patient organizations and Government agencies tocoordinate resources about diabetes.
Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are careullyreviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts.
This publication is not copyrighted. The Clearinghouse encourages users othis booklet to duplicate and distribute as many copies as desired.
This booklet is also available atwww.diabetes.niddk.nih.gov.
This publication may contain information about medications used to treat a healthcondition. When this publication was prepared, the NIDDK included the mostcurrent information available. Occasionally, new information about medication isreleased. For updates or for questions about any medications, please contact theU.S. Food and Drug Administration at 1888INFOFDA (4636332), a toll-freecall, or visit their website atwww.fda.gov. Consult your doctor for more information.
7/27/2019 Control 508
31/31
U.S. DEPArTmENT OF HEALTH
AND HUmAN SErvICESNational Institutes of Health
Recommended