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Contrastive Phonology English-German. Plosives. [p] p op, sto p [b] b ed, bom b [t] t ense, cu t [d] d isk, di d [k] c old, ki ck [g] g o, gi g [ ?] uh-oh. [ Q]bu tt er, be tt er. Fricatives. [ f ] f inger, tou gh [v] v ase, ha v e [ T ] th rough, too th [ D ] th at, tee th - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Contrastive PhonologyEnglish-German
Plosives
[p] pop, stop
[b] bed, bomb
[t] tense, cut
[d] disk, did
[k] cold, kick
[g] go, gig
[?] uh-oh
[Q] butter, better
Fricatives
[f] finger, tough
[v] vase, have
[T] through, tooth
[D] that, teeth
[s] swim, kiss
[z] zoo, desire, has
[S] shy, bush
[Z] vision, garage
[h] hat, inhall
Fricatives
[s] [S]
Stone Stein
Spare sparen
Sling Schlinge
Snow Schnee
Smell schmecken
German Fricatives
[C] ich, Milch, China
[x] Krach, Bach, doch
Affricates
[tS] cheap, match
[dZ] jump, garage
[pf] Pferd, Pfahl
[ts] Zeit, Zunge
Nasals
[m] mother, from
[n] nasty, can
[Î] sing, king
Liquids and Glides
[ò] road, car
[l] light, ball
[y] you, use
[w] window, what
Classification of consonants
• Voicing
• Manner of articulation
• Place of articulation
Voiced – voiceless consonants
[f] father
[v] vase
[s] salt
[z] zoo
[t] tree
[d] door
Manner of articulation
Plosives
Fricatives
Affricates
Nasals
Liquids
Glides
[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [?][f] [v] [T] [D] [s] [z] [S] [Z][tS] [dZ]
[m] [n] [Î]
[l]
[w] [y] [ò]
Place of articulation
Bilabial
Labiodental
Interdental
Alveolar
Pala-Alev.
Velar
[p] [b] [m] [w]
[f] [v]
[T] [D]
[t] [d] [s] [z] [n] [l] [ò][S] [Z] [tS] [dZ] [y][k] [g] [Î] [w]
English consonants
Bilabial Labio-dental
Inter-dental
Alveol. Alveol.-palatal
Velar
Stop p b t d k gAffricate tS
dZFricative f v T D s z S ZNasal m n ÎLateral lGlide w ò y
German consonants
Bilabial Labio-dental
Alveola Alveol.-palatal.
Palatal Velar
Stop p b t d k gAffricate pf ts tS
dZFricative f v s z S Z C xNasal m n ÎLateral lGlide y R
Differences
• Only in English: [T] [D] [w]
• Only in German: [C] [x] [pf] [ts]
• R-sounds: [r] [R]
• Latarals: dark vs. light [l]
• Phonotactics: [z] beginning of word
• Phonotactics: [?] beginning of word
• Phonotactics: [b, d, g, v, z, Z, dZ]
Classification of vowels
• height
• advancement
• lip rounding
• tenseness
English tense vowels
[i] teeth, keep, heat, he, people, money
[ei] gray, okay, hay, bait, great, they
[u] boot, who, too, taboo
[ou] over, boat, grow, though
The Great English Vowel Shift
i u
aI aU
e(e) o(o)
E O
{ a
English lax vowels
[I] injury, insist, bit, business, hit
[E] bet, reception, head, says, guest, bed
[æ] bat, anger, had, comrade, rally, hat
[U] put, could, butcher, hood, good
[O] caught, bought, core, wrong
[a] father, sergeant, hospital, car
[ö] but, tough, another
[@] among, diet, salary
English diphthongs
[aI] island, bite, aisle, hide, high, height
[aw] bout, brown, doubt, flower, loud, how
[oI] boy, rejoice, annoy, toy
English diphthongs
English vowel chart
German tense vowels
[i] Vieh, Igel
[e] Reh, Esel
[E:] gähnen. Ähre
[y] früh, über
[ï] Böhe, Österreich
[u] Kuh, Uhu
[o] Boot, Ofen
[a:] nah, Aachen
German lax vowels
[I] Kind, Indien
[E] Stern, England
[Y] Fürst
[û] Gehör, örtlich
[U] Sturm
[O] Holm
[a] Halm
[@] bitte
German diphthongs
[aI] Eis, reiten, Brei
[aw] braun, Auto, Bau
[oI] heute, Euter
German vowel chart
Phonemes and allophones
[thOp] top aspirated
[stOp] stopplain
/p t k/ → [ph th kh] / #__, V'
[p t k] elsewhere
Contrastive – complementary distribution
[l{k] lack [param] wind
[r{k] rack [irim] name
[lif] leaf [pal] foot
[rif] reef [mal] horse
[l] → [r] / V __ V
[l] elsewhere
[r] → [l] / __#
[r] elsewhere
Aspiration
[thOt] top aspirated
[stOp] stopplain
/p t k/ → [ph th kh] / #__, V'
[p t k] elsewhere
Nasalization
[kæn] can
[kãm] come
/V/ → [V] / __N
[V] elsewhere
Vowel lengthening
[bE:d] bed
[h{:v] have
/V/ → [V:] / __ [+voice]
[V] elsewhere
Flapping
[böQr] butter
[bEQr] better
/t/ → [Q] / after stressed syllables at thebeginning of an unstressed syllable
[t] elsewhere
Interference
have [h{f]
come [kam]
leg [lEk]
kill [kIl]
is [Is]
bag [b{k]
bomb [bOmp]
back [b{k]
jump [Zömp]
laugh [laf]
begin [b@gIn]
give [gIf]
Auslautverhärtung
have [h{v]
come [kam]
leg [lEg]
kill [kIl]
is [Iz]
bag [b{g]
bomb [bOmb]
back [b{k]
jump [Zömp]
laugh [laf]
begin [b@gIn]
give [gIv]
Auslautverhärtung
Hund Hunde
Weg Wege
tob toben
Bund Bünde
bunt bunte
German
[axt] eight [IC] I
[bux] book [ECt] real
[lOx] hole [sprIC] speak
[ho:x] hoch [lEC@ln] smile
[fluxt] flight [riC@n]smell
[lax@n] laugh [fECt@n] to fence
German
[axt] eight [IC] I
[bux] book [ECt] real
[lOx] hole [sprIC] speak
[ho:x] hoch [lEC@ln] smile
[fluxt] flight [riC@n]smell
[lax@n] laugh [fECt@n] to fence
Exercise 1
Provide the phonetic symbol
a. High front tense unrounded vowel
b. Low back lax unrounded vowel
c. Voiced labiodental fricative
d. Voiceless palatal fricative
e. Voiced velar nasal
[i]
[a]
[v]
[S]
[Î]
Exercise 2
a. [z]
b. [dZ]
c. [y]
d. [I]
e. [U]
Voiced, alveolar, fricative
Voiced, palatal-alveolar, affricate
Voiced, palatal, glide
High, front, lax, unrounded
Provide the articulatory features
High, back, lax rounded
Exercise 3
a. [k, Î, g, x]
b. [v, Z, z, D]
c. [w, y]
d. [i, e, o, u]
e. [e, o, O, E]
velar
voiced fricatives
glides
tense vowels
Identify the common articulatory features
mid vowels
Exercise 4
a. though
b. easy
c. knife
d. thought
e. contact
[D]
[i]
[n]
[T]
Provide the IPA symbol for the first speech sound
[k]
a. judge
b. Thomas
c. physics
d. civic
e. use
[dZ]
[t]
[f]
[s]
[y]
Exercise 5
a. [ritS]
b. [rIdZ]
c. [kaIt]
d. [{ktSn]
e. [T{Îks]
f. [Sules]
reach
ridge
kite
action
Write in ordinary English
thanks
shoelace
Exercise 5 (Italian)
[faÎgo] mud [tinta] dye
[tEnda] tent [tEÎgo] I keep
[tiÎgo]I dye [fuÎgo] mushroom
[nero] black [byaÎka] shite
[aÎke] also [dansa] dance
[dZEnte] people [sapone]soap
Exercise 5 (Italian)
[faÎgo] mud [tinta] dye
[tEnda] tent [tEÎgo] I keep
[tiÎgo]I dye [fuÎgo] mushroom
[nero] black [byaÎka] shite
[aÎke] also [dansa] dance
[dZEnte] people [sapone]soap
Exercise 7 (Old English)[briÎgan] to bring [lUvU] love
[driÎkan] to drink [mannes] mans
[f{st] fast [mo:na] moon
[fi:fta] fifth [ni:xsta] next
[fOlk] folk [Offrian] to offer
[fOnt] font [Ovans] oven
[ha:t] hot [n:on] noon
[hlo:T] troop [ru:x]rough
[TUÎgEn] full grown [l@Îgan] to lengthen
[nixt] night [hr{vn] raven
Exercise 7 (Old English)[briÎgan] to bring [lUvU] love
[driÎkan] to drink [mannes] mans
[f{st] fast [mo:na] moon
[fi:fta] fifth [ni:xsta] next
[fOlk] folk [Offrian] to offer
[fOnt] font [Ovans] oven
[ha:t] hot [n:on] noon
[hlo:T] troop [ru:x]rough
[TUÎgEn] full grown [l@Îgan] to lengthen
[nixt] night [hr{vn] raven
Exercise 7 (Old English)[briÎgan] to bring [lUvU] love
[driÎkan] to drink [mannes] mans
[f{st] fast [mo:na] moon
[fi:fta] fifth [ni:xsta] next
[fOlk] folk [Offrian] to offer
[fOnt] font [Ovans] oven
[ha:t] hot [n:on] noon
[hlo:T] troop [ru:x]rough
[TUÎgEn] full grown [l@Îgan] to lengthen
[nixt] night [hr{vn] raven
Exercise 7 (Old English)[briÎgan] to bring [lUvU] love
[driÎkan] to drink [mannes] mans
[f{st] fast [mo:na] moon
[fi:fta] fifth [ni:xsta] next
[fOlk] folk [Offrian] to offer
[fOnt] font [Ovans] oven
[ha:t] hot [n:on] noon
[hlo:T] troop [ru:x]rough
[TUÎgEn] full grown [l@Îgan] to lengthen
[nixt] night [hr{vn] raven
German
[axt] eight [IC] I
[bux] book [ECt] real
[lOx] hole [sprIC] speak
[ho:x] hoch [lEC@ln] smile
[fluxt] flight [riC@n]smell
[lax@n] laugh [fECt@n] to fence
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