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Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.72
Notes
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.1
ContentsACRONYMS................................................................................................................................................... 3FOREWORD.................................................................................................................................................. 4PREFACE....................................................................................................................................................... 5ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................................. 6EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................ 7Introduction......................................................................................................................................................7
The strategic planning process ...................................................................................................................... 7
The consultation process................................................................................................................................ 8
The context of analysis....................................................................................................................................8
The frameworks for national cohesion and integration ...................................................................................9
The global trends ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Other frameworks.......................................................................................................................................... 10
The stakeholder analysis ...............................................................................................................................10
The critical strategic issues............................................................................................................................13
The key result areas.......................................................................................................................................15
Monitoring and evaluation ............................................................................................................................. 15
Strategic plan costing .................................................................................................................................... 15
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 16
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................................ 17Background information ................................................................................................................................ 17
1.1. Mandate of NCIC ............................................................................................................................... 17
1.2 Organizational structure for the National Cohesion and Integration Commission ............................. 18
1.3 The strategic planning process ..........................................................................................................19
1.3.1 Preamble ............................................................................................................................................ 19
1.3.2 Consultation process...........................................................................................................................21
CHAPTER TWO........................................................................................................................................... 232.0 Contextual analysis............................................................................................................................. 23
2.1 The cohesion and integration problems in Kenya...............................................................................23
Some of the effects of negative ethnicity ........................................................................................... 23
2.2 The frameworks for national cohesion and integration........................................................................24
2.2.2 The long-term national development agenda (Vision 2030)................................................................24
2.2.3 Agenda Four (4) of the National Accord .............................................................................................25
2.2.4 The National Cohesion and Integration Act (No. 12 of 2008) .............................................................26
2.3 Stakeholder Analysis.......................................................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................................................ 313.0 The situation analysis ......................................................................................................................... 31
3.1 External environment ..........................................................................................................................31
3.1.1 Opportunities ......................................................................................................................................31
3.1.2 Threats..............................................................................................................................................31
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.2
3.2 Internal environment ..........................................................................................................................32
3.2.1 Strengths ........................................................................................................................................... 32
3.2.2 Weaknesses ...................................................................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER FOUR..........................................................................................................................................334.0 The strategic direction .......................................................................................................................33
4.2 The critical strategic issues ...............................................................................................................33
4.2.1 Unequal distribution of the national resources and services ............................................................ 33
4.2.2 Poor service delivery ........................................................................................................................ 33
4.2.3 Negative ethnicity ..............................................................................................................................34
4.2.4 Poor and inappropriate public policies .............................................................................................. 34
4.2.5 The perpetuation of bad governance policies and practices including lack
of transparency and accountability and political process ................................................................. 34
4.2.6 Increased and unsustainable unemployment levels.......................................................................... 35
4.2.7 Low capacity for research and monitoring of the status and trends of national peace
and stability.........................................................................................................................................36
4.2.8 Limited implementation capacity of NCIC.......................................................................................... 36
4.2.9 Lack of national values to act as the glue which binds Kenyans together as one people................. 36
4.3 The key result areas.......................................................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER FIVE........................................................................................................................................... 545.0 The monitoring and evaluation framework.........................................................................................54
5.1. Broad considerations ......................................................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER SIX...............................................................................................................................................55 Resource mobilization and funding sources ......................................................................................55
CHAPTER SEVEN........................................................................................................................................707.0 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................70
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.71
Notes
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.70
CHAPTER SEVEN7.0 Conclusion
This is the fi rst strategic plan for NCIC, which was prepared in a participatory manner recognizing the fact that NCIC clientele is the Kenyan public. The views presented in here capture the spirit of the Kenyan nation in matters related to peace and confl ict resolution through cohesion and integration activities. NCIC, being the fi rst organization of its kind in Kenya, is aware that it will have to travel through challenging paths. This means that the organization will remain fl exible to respond to emerging issues, as may be necessary within the guiding philosophy, as well as the NCIC’s vision and mission and the Act.
This strategic plan should therefore be treated as a living document that will be reviewed on a regular basis, in order to accommodate new issues. With promulgation of the new constitution, the importance of reviewing this strategic plan cannot be overemphasized, as it will bring about new challenges and opportunities.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.3
ACRONYMS
AFRICEC Africa Cutting Edge Consultants
CDF Constituency Development Fund
CEO Chief Executive Offi cer
CIPEV Commission on Investigation on Post Election Violence (Waki Report)
CSOs Civil Society Organizations
ECSR Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
FBOs Faith Based Organizations
GoK Government of Kenya
HoD Head of Department
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IREC Independent Electoral Review Commission (Kriegler Commission)
KNCHR Kenya National Commission on Human Rights
KRA Key Result Areas
LATF Local Authorities Transfer Fund
LSK Law Society of Kenya
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MIS Management Information System
MoJNCCA Ministry of Justice, National Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs
MTP Medium Term Plan
NCIC National Cohesion and Integration Commission
NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations
NIMES National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System
OVIs Objectively Verifi able Indicators
PC Performance Contracting
PCSC Public Complaints Steering Committee
RBM Result Based Management
SAGAs Semi Autonomous Government Agencies
SLO State Law Offi ce
SP Strategic Plan
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.4
FOREWORD
This is the fi rst Strategic Plan (2010 – 2012) of National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC). NCIC is one of the Agenda 4 reform commissions, established after the signing of National Accord and Reconciliation Agreement (NARA – 2008) that saved the country from becoming a failed state as a consequence of the disputed 2007 General Elections. Prior to this, Kenya had experienced political skirmishes in almost all General Elections since 1992. These skirmishes did not receive as much prominence as the 2007/2008 elections, due to their comparatively limited scale. The 2007/2008 political skirmishes assumed a national scale and seemed to underscore deep seated differences that had been simmering over time. Indeed the authorities, including security agencies, were all caught unawares and largely unprepared to manage the crisis. This situation was made worse by the fact that even areas that were always perceived to be peaceful erupted, making it diffi cult for security forces to respond in an effi cient and timely manner.Consequently, over 1,300 people lost their lives while over 600,000 others were displaced from their residential areas as the political crisis turned into ethnic violence. Many properties were razed down, food crops, stores and livestock destroyed, killed or stolen. Business premises were also razed down and looted by the perpetrators of skirmishes leaving owners impoverished with nothing to survive on. Armed militias blocked roads and attacked passenger and business vehicles on highways, killing several people and making road travel impossible. As these violence intensifi ed, it became clear that the confl ict went beyond the disputed elections to other unresolved matters, including historical injustices that dated many decades back. Realizing that the situation in Kenya was likely to deteriorate to levels that would be diffi cult to reverse and aware that Kenya held a strategic position in the Great Lakes Region in security and peace building, the International Community, led by the African Union, intervened through the appointment of Eminent Persons under H.E. Kofi Annan (the immediate former United Nations Secretary General) and including H.E Benjamin Mkapa (former President of Tanzania) and Mrs. Graca Machel (former First Lady of South Africa), to broker a peace accord between the Party of National Unity(PNU) and the Orange Democratic Movement(ODM), the two antagonists in the confl ict. This resulted into the National Accord and Reconciliation Agreement that created the current Grand Coalition Government.The National Cohesion and Integration Commission is mandated to facilitate and promote equality of opportunity, good relations, harmony and peaceful coexistence between persons of different ethnic, colour, religious and racial backgrounds in Kenya and to advice the government thereof. This encompasses analysis of historical injustices that fuel disputes and confl icts amongst citizens of different ethnicities. The main focus is to identify root causes and propose remedies to the government. Ultimately, the NCIC principal role is to protect and promote human rights among all citizens without discrimination, to enhance nationhood.
Mzalendo N. Kibunjia, PhD, EBSCommission Chairman
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.69
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Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.68
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Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.5
PREFACE
The National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC) was established in September 2009, after the NCIC Act No. 12 of 2008 received Presidential Assent. Consequently, the NCIC has embarked on processes of establishing the various operational organs of the Commission. Key amongst them are:
1. Formation of Committees and appointment of Convenors2. Development of work plans and activities3. Development of complaints procedure4. Recruitment of staff
This is a three year strategic plan that is intended to provide a development framework that will guide all the NCIC programmes. It was developed through a participatory process that covered fi ve distinct stages thus:
1. A stakeholders’ meeting which set up the parameters, depth and breadth of the strategic planning process which identifi ed key issues
2. Direct interviews and focused group discussions with key stakeholders, including the commissioners.
3. Provincial consultations that generated regional issues, demonstrating the diversity of these issues in respect of cohesion and integration
4. A one day validation meeting which provided an opportunity for Commissioners to authenticate the proposals made in the Strategic Plan
5. A one day validation meeting with stakeholders that reviewed this Strategic Plan to ensure that the set up parameters, as in 1 above, were achieved.
The Strategic Plan (2010 – 2012) outlines six key result areas in the next three years, which include:
1. Increased knowledge and transformational practice on National Reconciliation Cohesion and Integration.
2. Elimination of all forms ethnic, religious and racial discrimination in Kenya3. Strengthening good governance in the implementation of the new Constitution through emphasis on
equitable access to public resources.4. Promote research and monitoring of the status and trends of national peace and stability and advice
relevant state agencies5. Facilitate the operationalisation of laws, policies and practices that counter ethnic, race and religious
tensions6. NCIC - Organizational Growth and Development.
In this regard NCIC will aggressively pursue peace making as a central outcome of its work.
Mr. Hassan Mohammed, OGW Commission Secretary
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The National Cohesion and Integration Commission wishes to acknowledge the many players that made development of this strategic plan possible.
Our fi rst gratitude goes to the Government of Kenya through the Ministry of Justice, National Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs, through which the Commission is linked to the Government. The Commission is further indebted to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), who funded the development of this plan and also played a major role in providing technical and administrative support. In this regard we wish to single out Programme staff at UNDP, who were very instrumental in ensuring that this work was well concluded. Our sincere gratitude also goes to the UKAID and German Technical Cooperation (GIZ), who have continued to support the Commission’s work including this strategic plan. Many thanks to our stakeholders listed in this plan whose generous contributions helped the consultants gather suffi cient information to develop this document.
The Staff of NCIC and the Commissioners must be congratulated for their participation, tolerance and persistence. The value of the support and guidance the consultants received to shape this plan cannot be over emphasized.
Finally, the Commission wishes to thank AFRICEC International for facilitating the development of this docu-ment. There are many others who played various roles whom we may not have mentioned by name and to all of them we say “Thank you very much!”
Research, Policy and Planning Committee
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.67
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Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.66
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Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.7
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
IntroductionThe National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC) was established under the National Cohesion and Integration Act No. 12 of 2008. It is one of the Agenda Four (4) Commissions created by the National Peace Accord. The overall mandate of the commission is to facilitate and promote equality of opportunity, good relations, harmony and peaceful coexistence between persons of different ethnic and racial back-grounds in Kenya and to advice the government with recommendations on possible interventions.
The Commission consists of 12 commissioners, approved by Parliament, of whom one is the Chairperson appointed by the President. Three of the commissioners are Ex-Offi cio members namely:
i. The Chairperson of The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights ii. The Chairperson of National Commission on Gender and Development and iii. The Chairperson of Public Complaints Standing Committee (Ombudsman).
This Commission became operational in September 2009 and is organized around four committees thus:
i. The Administration and Finance Committeeii. The Education, Information and Communications Committeeiii. The Research , Policy and Planning Committeeiv. The Enforcement Complaints and Legal Committee
These are supported by a strong Secretariat headed by the Commission Secretary who is also the Chief Executive. Through the support provided by Heads of Departments and other senior staffers the Chief Executive manages the day today affairs of the Commission.
The strategic planning process
This is a three year strategic plan for the Commission. It fl ows from the overarching development framework of the country (The Vision 2030) which envisages Kenya becoming a middle income country by the year 2030. The development of this Strategic Plan embraced a broader view of the socio-economic, socio-cultural and socio political environments in which the Commission operates. At the centre of this process was a participa-tory approach, which was used to generate ideas, various views from stakeholders, which were negotiated, and agreements made through consensus among staff, commissioners, key stakeholders and the public dur-ing the provincial consultations. In developing the strategic plan, NCIC was cognizant of the fact that:
i. The Government of Kenya has been undertaking a series of reforms aimed at enhancing quality, effi ciency and transparency in service delivery in public sector institutions. Among the key reforms is the cohesion and integration of communities that are domiciled in the same geographical areas even though they may hail from different ethnic backgrounds.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.8
ii. The strategic plan must be aligned to the Vision 2030 in spirit and content and should be in line with the new Constitution.
iii. The strategic plan is required not only for effective programming, but also for ensuring the realisation of the NCIC organization’s goals and objectives in the dynamic environment in which it operates.
The consultation process
The consultation process for this strategic plan was fi ve pronged, thus:
i. A one day launch meeting with the stakeholders. This meeting set up the parameters, depth and breadth of the strategic plan process and was also used to tease out the key issues.
ii. Direct interviews with key stakeholders including, the commissioners. This was used mainly to capture the views of key stakeholders.
iii. Provincial consultations that generated regional issues, demonstrating the diversity of these regions with respect to cohesion and integration. Over 200 people from the four regions were consulted. These included government offi cials, Civil Society Organizations, religious organizations that included the major Kenyan religions – Christian, Muslim and Hindu.
iv. A one day validation meeting with stakeholders to enrich the strategic plan in line with the terms of reference.
v. A fi nal validation meeting with the commissioners. This provided an opportunity to authenticate proposals made in the strategic plan and also to build ownership of the strategic plan (SP).
The context of analysis
This strategic plan is designed within the context of the Post Election Violence (PEV) that deeply divided the country along ethnic lines. These divisions brought the country to the edge of becoming a failed state. Consequently a need has strongly emerged for the promotion of national values that will instill nationalism. The key and underpinning value being “what do we as Kenyans prize ourselves for?” Inherent in this are the key drivers of NCIC, encompassing national cohesion, which must ensure that Kenyans accommodate each other and are able to negotiate for space in an amicable manner. It also entails integration, where Kenyans of different ethnicities, culture, religion and/or professions can interact and coexist without any group feeling discriminated against, to curb negative attitudes and actions.
Increasingly, negative ethnicity, which is mainly driven by ethnic-based discrimination, has become one of the challenges the country must confront. Ethnic polarization has been worsened by political entrepreneurs, who mobilize by preying on ethnic related grievances and insecurities. Based on past experience, many view the ascendancy of their own ethnic kin to the presidency as the best assurance to access socio economic benefi ts. This calls for concerted efforts to counter this jingoism as it is a key area of focus for the Commission. As a diverse nation of over forty ethnic and racial communities and different religions and faiths, a change of attitude is urgently called for as un-negotiated necessity for the success of all initiatives promoting cohesion and integration by the NCIC.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.65
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Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.64
KR
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Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.9
The frameworks for national cohesion and integration The global trends
Global experiences on national cohesion and integration are dotted all over the world with a few sticking out as international examples.
Table 1: demonstrates some of the cohesion and integration efforts globally:
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.10
Other frameworks
i. The long term National Development Agenda (Vision 2030) that envisages Kenya becoming a middle income country where citizens shall be at peace with each other, their neighbors and the entire international community being driven by a prosperous economy and a developed industrial sector and a strong well trained human capacity
ii. Sustainable implementation of Agenda Four(4)-The National Peace Accord andiii. The National Cohesion and Integration Act (No. 12 of (2008).
The stakeholder analysis
This is an important part of this strategic plan as it identifi es the key players with whom NCIC will regularly interact. NCIC key stakeholders include individuals, groups, communities, companies and government institutions whose actions in one way or the other affect the advancement of national cohesion and integration in the country. These stakeholders are divided in three categories, being primary, secondary and tertiary stakeholders.
The primary stakeholders include direct benefi ciaries of NCIC services, such as State policy organs, development practitioners, minorities and individual complainants.
The secondary stakeholders comprise of groups who are tasked directly or indirectly in the promotion of National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya e.g. Judiciary, Police, Gender Commission, TJRC, KNCHR, IIEC, IIBRC, NGOs etc.
The tertiary stakeholders include those organizations that collectively provide NCIC with an enabling environment for the Commission to work. They include the parent ministry (MOJNCCA,) and donors. The detailed stakeholder’s analysis is contained in table 2: below.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.63
Hos
t com
mun
ity le
ader
ship
feed
back
foru
ms
in 4
7 co
untie
s
2,00
0,00
0 25
,000
,000
10
,000
,000
Adh
eren
ce to
mec
hani
sms
with
in
the
new
con
stitu
tion
whi
ch p
rote
ct
the
vuln
erab
le, m
argi
naliz
ed a
nd
min
oriti
es
1,00
0,00
0 2,
000,
000
500,
000
Insp
ectio
n of
ele
ctor
al s
yste
ms
prio
r
to g
ener
al e
lect
ions
to a
scer
tain
fairn
ess
durin
g el
ectio
neer
ing
and
polli
ng s
o th
at c
onfli
ct a
s a
resu
lt of
elec
tions
is e
radi
cate
d.
1,00
0,00
0 1,
000,
000
1,00
0,00
0
Con
vene
dis
cuss
ion
foru
ms
with
Mag
istra
tes
and
Judg
es o
n be
st
judi
cial
pra
ctic
es
3,00
0,00
0 3,
000,
000
2,50
0,00
0
Reg
ular
mee
tings
, dis
cuss
ion
foru
ms
and
wor
ksho
ps w
ith th
e
IEB
C a
nd s
ecur
ity a
genc
ies.
1,50
0,00
0 2,
000,
000
3,00
0,00
0
Sub-
Tot
al
54,0
40,0
00.0
0
106,
000,
000.
00
79,
000,
000.
00
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.62
Elim
inat
ing
all f
orm
s of
disc
rim
inat
ion
alon
g et
hnic
, rac
ial
and
relig
ious
line
s, w
hile
dev
elop
ing
and
enco
urag
ing
educ
atio
nal
prog
ram
mes
and
med
ia c
ampa
igns
to th
at e
nd
1,50
0,00
0 2,
000,
000
2,00
0,00
0
Res
earc
h pr
ojec
ts, e
duca
tion
and
inpu
t int
o po
licy
deve
lopm
ent
3,00
0,00
0 30
,000
,000
30
,000
,000
Aw
aren
ess
cam
paig
ns
1,00
0,00
0 1,
500,
000
1,50
0,00
0
Trai
ning
and
aw
aren
ess
prog
ram
mes
and
inpu
t to
polic
y
2,00
0,00
0 2,
000,
000
2,00
0,00
0
Supp
ort t
o ac
adem
ic a
nd re
sear
ch
inst
itutio
ns th
roug
h re
sear
ch
proj
ects
3,00
0,00
0 3,
000,
000
3,00
0,00
0
Mon
itorin
g of
the
gove
rnan
ce
impl
emen
tatio
n pr
oces
s.
2,00
0,00
0 2,
000,
000
2,00
0,00
0
Enga
ging
in c
omm
unity
just
ice
initi
ativ
es
3,00
0,00
0 3,
000,
000
3,00
0,00
0
Act
ion
plan
for c
ivic
edu
catio
n
on n
atio
nal v
alue
s
5,00
0,00
0 4,
000,
000
3,00
0,00
0
Min
imum
of 5
00 y
outh
trai
ned
in n
atio
nal v
alue
s in
eac
h of
the
47
Cou
ntie
s
10,0
00,0
00
15,0
00,0
00
6,00
0,00
0
Man
ual o
n N
atio
nal v
alue
s tr
aini
ng
2,00
0,00
0 2,
000,
000
2,00
0,00
0
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.11
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.12 Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.61
KR
A 3
: S
tren
gthe
ning
Goo
d G
over
nanc
e in
clud
ing
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
new
con
stitu
tion,
tran
spar
ency
and
acco
unta
bilit
y to
faci
litat
e eq
uita
ble
acce
ss to
nat
iona
l res
ourc
es
To e
nsur
e fa
ir ac
cess
to n
atio
nal r
esou
rces
by a
ll in
clud
ing
min
oriti
es, t
he
mar
gina
lized
and
the
disa
dvan
tage
d.
Incr
ease
d eq
uita
ble
enjo
ymen
t of n
atio
nal
reso
urce
s by
div
erse
ethn
ic r
acia
l , re
ligio
us
grou
ps a
nd p
erso
ns o
f all
soci
al o
rigin
s
Und
erta
ke m
appi
ng o
f key
chan
ge/o
pini
on m
aker
s in
47
coun
ties
8,04
0,00
0 3,
000,
000
2,00
0,00
0
Trai
ning
s fo
r pol
ice,
Jud
ges
and
Adm
inis
tratio
n pe
rson
nel
3,00
0,00
0 3,
000,
000
3,00
0,00
0
Enga
ging
with
the
proc
ess
of
impl
emen
ting
the
devo
lved
gove
rnan
ce s
truct
ure
2,00
0,00
0 2,
500,
000
2,50
0,00
0
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.60
Com
mun
ity b
ased
foru
ms
for
dial
ogue
and
med
iatio
n
5,00
0,00
0 10
,000
,000
5,
000,
000
Esta
blis
hmen
t of m
echa
nism
s fo
r
arbi
tratio
n, re
conc
iliat
ion
and
med
iatio
n
1,00
0,00
0 1,
500,
000
1,00
0,00
0
Dev
elop
men
t of a
nat
iona
l pol
icy
and
advo
cacy
pla
tform
for
reco
ncili
atio
n, c
ohes
ion
and
inte
grat
ion
1,00
0,00
0 2,
000,
000
1,00
0,00
0
Sub-
Tot
al
25,0
00,0
00
30,5
00,0
0021
,500
,000
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.13
The critical strategic issues
Based on literature review, regional consultations conducted in representative sample areas constituting Western, Upper Eastern, Coast and North Rift and direct interviews conducted with key stakeholders, issues that have continued to fan and perpetuate confl ict and destroy the harmonious co-existence amongst Kenyans of different ethnicity and even from same ethnic backgrounds emerged as follows:
1. Unequal distribution of the national resources and services 2. Poor service delivery 3. Increased levels of negative ethnicity 4. Poor and inappropriate national policies and practices 5. Perpetuation of bad governance policies and practices 6. Lack of transparency and accountability in electoral and other processes
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.14
7. Decreased employment opportunities and unsustainable unemployment levels 8. Low capacity for research and monitoring of the status and trends of national peace and stability and lack of appropriate advice to the relevant state agents. 9. Limited implementation capacity of NCIC.
OUR VISION
A Peaceful, United, Harmonious and Integrated Kenyan Society
OUR MISSION
To facilitate and promote a Kenyan society whose values are harmonious and
non- discriminatory for peaceful co-existence and integration
OUR MANDATE
To facilitate and promote equality of opportunity, good relations, harmony and peaceful coexistence
between persons of different ethnic and racial backgrounds in
Kenya and to advice the government thereof.
OUR OVERALL GOAL
To eliminate all forms of ethnic, racial and religious discrimination in the
Kenyan society through nationwide increase in knowledge and practice on integration and cohesion
through civic education in the country
OUR OBJECTIVES AND KEY RIGHTS
1. To promote factors enshrined in the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of Kenya related to elimination of discrimination, tolerance, acceptance and respect for diversity as well as peace and harmony 2. To investigate complaints of ethnic, religious and racial discrimination and make referrals to redress to other organs of government3. To monitor and make recommendations to the government and to public and private sector organizations on factors hindering the development of harmony amongst communities4. To undertake research and studies and make recommendations to government on key issues around cohesion and integration in the country.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.59
Incr
ease
d ac
cept
ance
,
tole
ranc
e an
d ap
prec
iatio
n
of e
thni
c di
vers
ity b
y al
l
ethn
ic g
roup
s, ra
cial
and
relig
ious
gro
ups
and
pers
ons
of a
ll co
lour
in
the
Ken
yan
soci
ety.
Soci
al a
udits
and
adv
isor
ies
on
serv
ices
pro
ne to
in-e
quity
in a
cces
s.
500,
000
2,00
0,00
0 2,
000,
000
Aw
aren
ess
rais
ing
sess
ions
on
the
man
date
of t
he C
ohes
ion
Com
mis
sion
;
5,00
0,00
0 3,
000,
000.
00
2,00
0,00
0
Publ
ish
of a
list
of n
ames
of p
erso
ns
or in
stitu
tions
who
se a
ctio
ns h
ave
cont
ribut
ed to
war
ds u
nder
min
ing
cohe
sion
and
inte
grat
ion
in th
e
coun
try (N
amin
g an
d Sh
amin
g)
500,
000
500,
000
500,
000
Prod
uctio
n of
spe
cial
repo
rts o
n
reso
urce
dis
tribu
tion
whi
ch c
ould
be
used
as
an a
dvoc
acy
tool
3,00
0,00
0 2,
500,
000
2,00
0,00
0
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.58
Lob
by fo
r int
egra
tion
of n
atio
nal
valu
es in
sch
ool c
urric
ulum
from
prim
ary
to U
nive
rsity
leve
l
2,00
0,00
0 2,
000,
000
2,00
0,00
0
Sub-
Tot
al
79,5
00,0
0010
2,50
0,00
075
,000
,000
KR
A 2
: The
elim
inat
ion
of a
ll fo
rms o
f dis
crim
inat
ion
(eth
nic,
rac
ial,
soci
al o
rigi
n, r
elig
ious
) in
Ken
ya
To e
nsur
e in
crea
sed
obse
rvan
ce o
f
Coh
esio
n an
d
Inte
grat
ion
Prac
tices
in th
e ru
nnin
g of
publ
ic a
ffai
rs
Incr
ease
d en
joym
ent o
f
right
s an
d pr
ivile
ges
by a
ll
ethn
ic a
nd s
ocia
l orig
in,
raci
al a
nd re
ligio
us g
roup
s
and
pers
ons
of a
ll co
lour
s
resi
ding
in
the
coun
try
Dev
elop
men
t of a
com
preh
ensi
ve
natio
nal d
atab
ase
of in
cide
nces
and
perp
etra
tors
of e
thni
c an
d ra
ce
rela
ted
crim
es
4,00
0,00
0 3,
000,
000
3,00
0,00
0
Incr
ease
d en
forc
emen
t of
ethn
ic (r
ace,
relig
ion,
soci
al o
rigin
) bas
ed
disc
rimin
atio
n la
ws,
polic
ies
and
prac
tices
by
stat
e ag
enci
es.
Con
duct
eth
nic
audi
t with
in p
ublic
and
gove
rnm
ent i
nstit
utio
ns…
5,00
0,00
0 6,
000,
000
5,00
0,00
0
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.15
OUR CORE VALUES
1. Independence2. Objectivity in dealing with issues around ethnic discrimination3. High levels of integrity4. Open door policy5. Affi rmative action around the vulnerable and minorities6. Inclusivity to all forms of diversity7. High degree of accountability and transparency8. Tolerance to varied opinions, beliefs and aspirations
The Key Result Areas
The NCIC will in the period of the current strategic plan focus its energy and resources towards realizing the following Key Results Area (KRAs):
KRA 1: Increased knowledge and transformational practice on National Reconciliation Cohesion and IntegrationKRA 2: Elimination of all forms of discrimination on basis of ethnic, racial, religious and social origin in KenyaKRA 3: Strengthening Good Governance in the implementation of the new Constitution through emphasis on equitable access to public resourcesKRA 4: Promote research and monitoring of the status and trends of national peace and stability and advise relevant state agenciesKRA 5: Facilitate operationalisation of laws, policies and practices that counter ethnic, racial and religious tensionsKRA 6: NCIC - Organizational growth and development
Monitoring and evaluation
The NCIC will develop a Monitoring & Evaluation mechanism that will embrace indicators at input, output, outcome and impact levels. The indicators to be selected will ensure that information to be collected is available. Reporting will be done monthly, quarterly, half yearly and annually. The annual statutory report presented to the National Assembly will aim to outline the achievements by NCIC in the year. Strategic plan costing
A detailed cost plan is presented in Table 5, which projects that in the next three years, NCIC will require KShs. 1.23 billion to implement its programmes successfully.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.16
Conclusion
This is the fi rst strategic plan of the NCIC. It was prepared in a participatory manner, recognizing the fact that the NCIC clientele is the Kenyan public. The views presented here represent the spirit of the Kenyan Nation, in matters related to peace and confl ict management through cohesion and integration activities. It also captures the new spirit generated by the rebirth of the nation through the promulgation of the New Constitution on 27 August 2010.
NCIC being the fi rst Commission of its kind in Kenya is aware that it will have to walk on challenging paths. This means that the organization should remain fl exible to respond to emerging issues and be more responsive. This strategic plan should therefore be treated as a living document that will be reviewed on annual basis in order to accommodate new issues. With implementation of the New Constitution, the importance of reviewing this Strategic Plan (SP) cannot be over emphasized, as it will bring about new challenges.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.57
Hol
d co
unty
and
nat
iona
l you
th a
nd
polic
y m
aker
s co
nfer
ence
on
yout
h
led
cohe
sion
mod
els
10,0
00,0
00
15,0
00,0
00
6,00
0,00
0
Prom
ote
natio
nal
valu
es
thro
ugh
yout
h an
d ch
ildre
n in
itiat
ives
thro
ugh
TV a
nd ra
dio
10,0
00,0
00
15,0
00,0
00
13,0
00,0
00
Spon
sor
scho
ol d
ebat
es,
dram
a an
d
mus
ic fe
stiv
als
2,00
0,00
0 3,
000,
000
1,00
0,00
0
Coh
esio
n aw
ards
1,
000,
000
2,00
0,00
0 2,
000,
000
Dev
elop
rec
onci
liatio
n co
hesi
on a
nd
inte
grat
ion
train
ing
mod
ules
fo
r
gove
rnm
ent t
rain
ing
inst
itutio
ns
1,00
0,00
0 50
0,00
0 50
0,00
0
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.56
Id
entif
y co
mm
unity
le
ader
s an
d
wor
k w
ith
the
Dis
trict
Pe
ace
Com
mitt
ees
(DPC
s) i
n al
l co
untie
s
on
addr
essi
ng
the
caus
es
and
solu
tions
to e
thni
c vi
olen
ce
5,00
0,00
0 5,
000,
000
2,50
0,00
0
Hol
d m
eetin
gs
with
po
litic
al
lead
ers’
pol
itica
l pa
rties
and
civ
il
soci
ety.
5,00
0,00
0 5,
000,
000
1,50
0,00
0
Cap
acity
-bui
ldin
g fo
r re
leva
nt
natio
nal
stak
ehol
ders
(k
ey
inst
itutio
ns,
polit
ical
pa
rties
, ci
vil
soci
ety
orga
niza
tions
et
c.)
on
addr
essi
ng
ethn
ic
devo
lutio
n
man
agem
ent
chal
leng
es w
ithin
the
ir
soci
etie
s;
2,00
0,00
0 5,
000,
000
10,0
00,0
00
Prom
otin
g na
tiona
l/cro
ss
regi
onal
polic
y di
alog
ue o
n et
hnic
div
ersi
ty
man
agem
ent,
parti
cipa
tion
and
repr
esen
tatio
n
15,0
00,0
00
10,0
00,0
00
10,0
00,0
00
Dev
elop
sim
plifi
ed v
ersi
ons
of t
he
NC
IC A
ct,
com
mis
sion
arti
cles
for
prin
t an
d br
oadc
ast
med
ia,
med
ia
adve
rtis
emen
ts
1,50
0,00
0 1,
500,
000
1,50
0,00
0
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.17
CHAPTER ONEBackground information
1.1. Mandate of NCICThe National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC) was established under the National Cohesion and Integration Act No. 12 of 2008 as one of the instruments to respond to the post-election crisis and to foster lasting peace, sustainable development and harmonious co-existence among Kenyans.
The mandate of the Commission is to facilitate and promote equality of opportunity, good relations, harmony and peaceful coexistence between persons of different ethnic, colour religious and racial backgrounds in Kenya and to advise the government thereof. In this regard the Commission is expected to:
a) Promote: i. Elimination of all forms of discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, race, colour or religion ii. Tolerance, understanding and acceptance of diversity in all aspects of national life and full participation
by all ethnic communities in the social, economic, cultural and political life of all communities iii. Respect for religious, linguistic, racial and other forms of diversity in the Kenyan society iv. Equal access and enjoyment by persons of all ethnic communities and racial groups to public or
other services and facilities provided by the Government v. Arbitration, conciliation, mediation and similar forms of dispute resolution mechanisms in order to
secure and enhance ethnic and racial harmony and peace vi. Planning and coordination of educational and training programmes to create public awareness,
support and advance peace and harmony among ethnic and racial communities
These factors are enshrined in new Constitution of the Republic of Kenya (August 2010). Specifi cally, they are amplifi ed in Chapter 4: The Bill of Rights. The rights and fundamental freedoms in this Bill of Rights belong to each individual and are not granted by the State. They also do not exclude other rights and fundamental freedoms not in the Bill of Rights, but recognized or conferred by law, except to the extent that they are inconsistent with Chapter four (4) and subject only to the limitations contemplated by the Constitution.
b) Investigate: i. Complaints of ethnic, colour, religious and racial discrimination and make recommendations to the
Attorney-General, the Human Rights and Equality Commission, or any other relevant authority on the remedial measures to be taken where such complaints are valid on its own accord, or on request from any other institution, offi ce, or person, any issue affecting ethnic, religious and racial relations.
c) Monitor and make recommendations to the Government and other relevant public and private sector bodies on factors inhibiting the development of harmonious relationships between ethnic groups and on barriers to the participation of all ethnic groups in the social, economic, commercial, fi nancial, cultural and political life of other ethnic groups.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.18
d) Undertake relevant research and studies and make recommendations to the Government on any of the issues relating to ethnic affairs including whether ethnic relations are improving or deteriorating.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.55
CHAPTER SIXResource mobilization and funding sources
Table: 3 showing a cost plan of the Strategic Plan
Tabl
e: 3
show
ing
a cos
t pla
n of
the S
trate
gic P
lan
TAR
GET
S O
UTC
OM
ES
AC
TIV
ITIE
S Bu
dget
Am
ount
KSh
s. Y
ear 1
Budg
et A
mou
nt
KSh
s. Y
ear 2
Budg
et A
mou
nt
KSh
s. Y
ear 3
KR
A 1
: In
crea
sed
know
ledg
e and
tran
sfor
mat
iona
l pra
ctic
e on
natio
nal r
econ
cilia
tion
cohe
sion
and
inte
grat
ion
To en
hanc
e the
capa
city
of k
ey ac
tors
to ap
ply
prin
cipl
es o
f
natio
nal r
econ
cilia
tion
cohe
sion
and
inte
grat
ion
Incr
ease
d ap
plic
atio
n of
the k
ey te
nets
of et
hnic
ity
, rac
e, re
ligio
n an
d so
cial
orig
in to
achi
eve
reco
ncili
atio
n co
hesio
n
and
inte
grat
ion
by k
ey
acto
rs
Und
erta
ken
cohe
sion,
reco
ncili
atio
n
and
inte
grat
ion
train
ing
for 4
00
coun
ty le
ader
s /op
inio
n m
aker
s at
natio
nal l
evel
15,0
00,0
00
25,0
00,0
00
15,0
00,0
00
Dev
elop
Info
rmat
ion,
Edu
catio
n an
d
Com
mun
icat
ion
(IEC)
mat
eria
ls an
d
diss
emin
ate
Thes
e will
incl
ude
publ
icat
ion
and
distr
ibut
ion
of
publ
icity
mat
eria
ls su
ch as
billb
oard
s, ba
nner
s, po
sters
, t-s
hirts
,
caps
, pen
s, ca
lend
ar
10,0
00,0
00
15,0
00,0
00
10,0
00,0
00
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.54
CHAPTER FIVE5.0 The monitoring and evaluation framework 5.1. Broad considerations
Effective monitoring and evaluation of the activities of the strategic plan are critical functions of delivery. First, these processes will provide essential data and insights for drawing lessons, setting priorities and conducting informed review of the implementation of the strategic plan . Second, they will provide the assurance that resources are used for intended purposes. In the design of a Monitoring &Evaluation Framework, the process of identifying indicators is important since these provide evidence that a certain condition exists, or certain results have ,or have not been, achieved. Monitoring reports usually form an important input to the annual, mid-term, and end-of-programme/project progress reports. In this regard, NCIC makes the following assumptions in selection of performance indicators:
i. Considering the capacity limitations that characterize NCIC as a young organization, the number of indicators chosen will be aligned to the ability of the organization’s systems to meaningfully apply them with reasonable level of dependability. ii. For an indicator to be included, it will be assumed that there exists readily available quality data on that indicator and that data sources for the indicator can be clearly identifi ed. iii. The required data for the selected indicators can readily be collected regularly. iv. The selected indicators will meet the following criteria:
• The data is relevant to users in terms of its timeliness, adequacy, relevance, and accessibility. • Data collection processes are affordable and cost-effective. • It must be possible to disaggregate data on the indicator in desirable classifi cations. • The indicator should be able to help in predicting outcomes and impact with reasonable degree of reliability.
As a matter of principle Monitoring &Evaluation indicators will carry the following characteristics: specifi city, measurability, achievability, reality and time (SMART). A good Monitoring &Evaluation framework must link objectives to strategies and strategies to performance measures which basically include fi nancial inputs, human resource, infrastructure etc.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.19
The commission consists of a Chairperson nominated by the President and eight other commissioners approved by the National Assembly. There are three other commissioners who are ex-offi cio members namely:
i. The Chairperson of The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights ii. The Chairperson of National Commission on Gender and Development and iii. The Chairperson of Public Complaints Standing Committee (Ombudsman)
The NCIC has been operational since September 2009. During this period, annual action plans have been consolidated. These include the following activities:
1. Refi ning the organizational structure thus:
a. Formation of committees, namely:
i. The Administration and Finance Committee ii. The Information, Education and Communication Committee iii. The Research Policy and Planning Committee iv. The Enforcement, Complaints and Legal Committee
b. The establishment of the Secretariat with a Chief Executive Offi cer supported by heads of department outlined above and recruitment of technical and administration staff.
2. Induction of Commissioners and staff through alignment workshops, team building events, exposure tours - both internal and outside Kenya (South Africa, Britain, Northern Ireland and Australia)
3. Development of this strategic plan including consolidation of the core programmes.
1.3 The strategic planning process
1.3.1 Preamble
This is a three year Strategic Plan for the Commission. It captures the spirit and content of the new constitutional dispensation, with specifi c reference, but not exclusively, to the following chapters:
Chapter Content Area
One(1) Sovereignty of the people section one(1)
Two(2) In reference to sections nine(9) – National Values and principles of governance
Three(3) Entitlements of citizens section twelve(12) Sub section (a)
Four(4) Section nineteen(19) sub sections 1-3 in reference to rights and fundamental
freedoms
Six (6) Section seventy three (73 ) sub section 2(a-(e)
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.20
Eleven(11) In reference to Section 174(b), (e) and (g) thus; to foster national unity, protect the
rights and interests of minorities and ensure equitable sharing of national and local
resources throughout Kenya.
It fl ows from the overarching development framework of the country (The Vision 2030), which envisages Kenya becoming a middle income country by the year 2030. The development of the strategic plan took a broader view of the socio-economic, socio-cultural and socio political environments in which the Commission operates. A participatory approach generating ideas, various views from stakeholders was employed and agreements were reached through consensus building among Commissioners, Commission staff and key stakeholders through consultations in the provinces. In developing the strategic plan, NCIC has been cognizant of the following:
1. That the Government of Kenya has been undertaking a series of reforms aimed at enhancing quality, effi ciency and transparency in service delivery in public sector institutions.
Among the key reforms is the cohesion and integration of communities that are domiciled in the same geographical area even though they may hail from different ethnic backgrounds. In this regard, the strategic plan is the cornerstone for the design and development of programmes that will enhance peace building and harmonious co-existence of all ethnic groups in private and public sector institutions.
2. The Development of the Kenya Vision 2030 has necessitated that all public institutions align their strategic plans to Vision 2030 and in particular the Medium Term Plan 2008 – 2012 of the Vision 2030. This being the fi rst NCIC strategic plan (2010 – 2012) it is important to capture the critical tenets of the Vision 2030 for the successful operationalisation of its mandate and creation of the requisite credibility for the organization.
3. Strategic planning is required not only for effective programming but also for ensuring the realisation of the NCIC organization’s goals and objectives in the dynamic environment in which it operates. It is important to the NCIC because of the following reasons:
a) To enable the NCIC to fulfi l its mandate of promoting national cohesion and integration in Kenya
b) To assist all NCIC staff members to understand the pertinent strategic issues and be committed to the attainment of the set objectives
c) To enable the NCIC to deploy it resources effi ciently and effectively d) To enable key stakeholders to understand and approve the strategic objectives and the
rationale for decisions about resource allocation e) To sustain its ability to adapt and respond to rapidly changing circumstances while
continuing to carry out its core functions f) To strengthen its monitoring and evaluation systems (M&E) in line with Government M&E
policy g) To tune management systems to maximize effectiveness h) To ensure that NCIC services are in tandem with National Constitution and global best
practices.Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.53
Effe
ctiv
e m
onito
ring
and
eval
uatio
n
fram
ewor
k
Faci
litat
e cr
oss
lear
ning
an
d
exch
ange
th
roug
h In
tern
atio
nal
expe
rienc
e ga
ther
ing
and
expo
sure
visi
ts
Num
ber a
nd ty
pe
of e
quip
men
ts a
nd
logi
stic
al m
ater
ials
acqu
ired
Inte
rnat
iona
l age
ncie
s
and
gove
rnm
ents
.
Dev
elop
indi
cato
rs a
nd e
ffic
ient
repo
rting
and
aud
iting
syst
ems
Acq
uire
d ad
equa
te
offic
e sp
ace
and
in
an e
nabl
ing
wor
king
envi
ronm
ent
Acq
uire
rele
vant
and
up
to d
ate
equi
pmen
t and
logi
stic
al fa
cilit
ies
Num
ber o
f cro
ss-
lear
ning
and
expo
sure
tour
s
done
Type
s of
docu
men
ted
‘bes
t
prac
tice’
gat
here
d
and
appl
ied
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.52
conc
lude
d.
KR
A 6
: N
CIC
- O
rgan
izat
iona
l gro
wth
and
dev
elop
men
t
Stre
ngth
en th
e
impl
emen
tatio
n ca
paci
ty o
f the
Com
mis
sion
.
Enha
nced
capa
city
of t
he
com
mis
sion
to
deliv
er o
n its
man
date
.
Stre
ngth
en th
e ke
y in
tern
al
cont
rol m
echa
nism
s (H
uman
Res
ourc
es, F
inan
ce, m
onito
ring
and
Eval
uatio
n, p
rocu
rem
ent).
Dev
elop
pol
icie
s, pr
oced
ures
and
syst
ems
for e
ffec
tive
man
agem
ent o
f per
sonn
el, f
unds
,
asse
ts a
nd re
sult
mea
sure
men
t
Num
ber a
nd
qual
ity o
f pol
icy
docu
men
ts
deve
lope
d an
d
appl
ied
Polic
y in
stitu
tions
and
cons
ulta
nts
Boo
st th
e im
plem
enta
tion
capa
city
by
incr
easi
ng s
taff
with
key
skill
s
Rec
ruit
adeq
uate
num
bers
and
requ
isite
ski
lls to
impl
emen
t the
core
pro
gram
me
Num
ber a
nd
qual
ity o
f sta
ff
recr
uite
d
Trai
ning
and
cap
acity
build
ing
inst
itutio
ns
Enha
nced
man
agem
ent a
nd p
olic
y
capa
city
Pro-
activ
ely
deve
lop
an o
ptim
al
orga
niza
tiona
l cul
ture
Num
ber a
nd ty
pes
of s
taff
trai
ning
Rel
evan
t gov
ernm
ent
depa
rtmen
ts e
.g.
PPO
A, M
in. o
f
Fina
nce,
Min
. of
Hou
sing
, Min
. of
Publ
ic S
ervi
ce, M
in. o
f
Just
ice
etc
Enab
ling
wor
king
env
ironm
ent
Esta
blis
h be
tter o
ffic
e sp
ace,
adeq
uate
sup
port
syst
ems
(com
pute
rs, c
onne
ctiv
ity,
sign
atur
e), l
ogis
tics
(tran
spor
t).
Cle
ar a
nd re
alis
tic
orga
niza
tiona
l
stru
ctur
e
Dev
elop
men
t par
tner
s
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.21
1.3.2 Consultation process
The consultation process for this strategic plan was fi ve pronged thus: 1. A one day launch meeting with the stakeholders which set up the parameters, depth and breadth of
the Strategic Plan process and was also used to tease out the key issues, 2. Direct interviews with key stakeholders including commissioners to capture the views of key
stakeholders 3. Provincial consultations that generated regional issues demonstrating the diversity of these issues
in respect of cohesion and integration. Over 400 people from the four regions (Coast at Mombasa, Western at Kakamega, North Rift at Eldoret and Eastern at Isiolo) were consulted. These included government offi cials, Civil Society Organizations, faith-based organizations and opinion leaders
4. Stakeholders’ workshop held at Jumuiya Conference Centre, Nairobi 5. A validation meeting with Commissioners that provided an opportunity to authenticate the proposals
made in this strategic plan and also to build ownership of the strategic plan 6. A second stakeholders’ workshop held at Jumuiya Conference Centre, Nairobi being also the fi nal
validation meeting.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.22
STRATEGIC ISSUES NATIONAL REGIONAL
1 Felt marginalization by communities North Eastern Province
2 Small arms proliferation such as guns for cattle rustling and
robbery
Nairobi, NEP, North Rift, Upper Eastern, Elgon and Pokot
3 Discrimination and poor access to National resources
4 Tribalism- persons in position favouring their tribes instead of
merit and fairness
5 Poor services delivery for public services such as health, security,
education etc
6 Long standing underdevelopment as a result of political isolation Nyanza, NEP and Lower and upper Coast
7 Lack of land ownership – No land demarcation and title deeds NEP and Coast
8 Weak Electoral processes
9 Historical land Injustices Coast, NEP and Rift valley
10 Unemployment
11 Poor land laws and Policies that open windows for land grabbing
and other land related malpractices
12 Bad governance
13 Perceived displacement of ancestral people because of influx of
other Kenyans to ancestral regions – Ancestral people feel cheated
after selling off land or otherwise
Rift Valley and Coast
14 Negative ethnicity
15 Out dated cultural practices, such as cattle rustling North Rift, NEP and Eastern
16 Unequal distribution of national resources
17 Tribal fiefdoms and kingship tendencies Central, Rift valley, Nyanza
18 Corruption and bribery
19 Lack of transparency in election processes
20 Land and property disputes Central, Western, Rift Valley and Coast
21 Mismanagement of public resources
22 Political intolerance
23 Patronage
24 Hate speech
25 High levels of crime
26 Extra judicial killings
The Table 1 above shows the diversity and convergence of regional issues:
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.51
disc
rimin
atio
n th
roug
h m
onito
ring
and
also
thro
ugh
spec
ifica
lly
mon
itorin
g ha
te sp
eech
and
nega
tive
ster
eoty
ping
Ass
ess h
isto
rical
inju
stic
es th
at
have
bee
n pe
rpet
uate
d by
unj
ust
law
s.
Adv
ocat
e fo
r adj
ustm
ent o
r
repe
alin
g o
f ina
ppro
pria
te la
ws
Enga
ging
in th
e pr
oces
s of
deve
lopi
ng p
olic
ies a
nd d
evol
utio
n
law
s
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
TJR
C R
epor
t
Enga
ging
in th
e pr
oces
s of
devo
lvin
g th
e go
vern
men
t
Enga
ge a
ctiv
ity le
vels
at
Nat
iona
l
and
Cou
nty
leve
ls
Med
ia m
onito
ring
for H
ate
spee
ch
Con
trol a
nd re
spon
d to
hat
e sp
eech
and
inci
ting
mes
sage
s
Mon
itorin
g ha
te sp
eech
and
nega
tive
ster
eoty
ping
Dis
sem
inat
ion
of M
edia
gui
delin
es
on m
onito
ring
of h
ate
spee
ch
Dis
sem
inat
ion
of
know
ledg
e to
the
gene
ral p
ublic
on
the
defin
ition
of
Hat
e sp
eech
acco
rdin
g to
the
NC
I Act
.
Num
ber o
f
Ces
satio
n no
tices
and
war
ning
s
issu
ed.
Num
ber o
f
indi
vidu
al c
ases
hand
led.
Num
ber o
f cou
rt
case
initi
ated
and
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.50
Mon
itor,
Impl
emen
t and
off
er
over
sigh
t for
eff
ectiv
e Po
licie
s and
Law
s
Enco
urag
ing
ratif
icat
ion
of
exis
ting
inte
rnat
iona
l hum
an ri
ghts
conv
entio
ns th
at h
ave
not b
een
ratif
ied;
and
impl
emen
ting
the
prov
isio
ns o
f con
vent
ions
and
cove
nant
s tha
t hav
e be
en ra
tifie
d ;
thro
ugh
crea
tion
of su
stai
ned
netw
orks
thro
ugh
advo
cacy
initi
ativ
es
Dis
crim
inat
ion
agai
nst m
inor
ity
grou
ps
R
eaff
irmin
g an
d pr
omot
ing
all h
uman
righ
ts a
nd fu
ndam
enta
l
free
dom
s, w
hich
are
uni
vers
al,
indi
visi
ble,
inte
rdep
ende
nt a
nd
inte
rrel
ated
, inc
ludi
ng th
e rig
ht to
deve
lopm
ent,
and
striv
ing
to
ensu
re th
at th
ey a
re re
spec
ted,
prot
ecte
d an
d ob
serv
ed th
roug
h
appr
opria
te le
gisl
atio
n,
diss
emin
atio
n of
info
rmat
ion,
educ
atio
n an
d tra
inin
g an
d th
e
prov
isio
n of
eff
ectiv
e m
echa
nism
s
and
rem
edie
s for
enf
orce
men
t,
inte
r alia
, thr
ough
the
r
stre
ngth
enin
g of
the
Coh
esio
n
Com
mis
sion
Par
ticip
atio
n an
d
repr
esen
tatio
n of
all l
ocal
com
mun
ities
in
law
and
pol
icy
deve
lopm
ent
proc
esse
s
C
oord
inat
ing
polic
ies,
actio
ns
and
lega
l ins
trum
ents
and
/or
mea
sure
s to
com
bat a
ll fo
rms o
f
ethn
ic, r
acia
l and
relig
ious
Con
fiden
ce in
the
lega
l sys
tem
and
in
the
cent
ral a
nd
coun
ty g
over
nmen
t
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.23
CHAPTER TWO2.0 Contextual analysis2.1 The cohesion and integration problems in Kenya
Following the post-election violence of 2008, Kenya emerged as a country deeply divided along ethnic lines. These divisions brought the country to the edge of a precipice and the country was lucky to have escaped descending into anarchy. Consequently the need has strongly emerged for promotion of national values that will serve to instill a sense of unity and oneness among all Kenyans, regardless of their ethnic or racial background and combat the effects of negative ethnicity. The key and underpinning value being “What do we as Kenyans prize ourselves for?” This is underpinned emphatically in Chapter Two (2) of the Constitution, which enlists the following values and principles of governance as the cornerstones of our nationhood thus:
1. Patriotism, national unity, sharing and devolution of power, the rule of law, democracy and participation of the people
2. Human dignity, equity, social justice, inclusiveness, equality, human rights, non discrimination and protection of the marginalized
3. Good governance, integrity, transparency and accountability 4. Sustainable development
Increasingly, negative ethnicity, which is mainly driven by ethnic-based discrimination, has become one of the challenges the country must confront. Ethnic polarization has been made worse by political entrepreneurs who mobilize by playing on ethnic-related grievances and insecurities. Based on past experience, many view the ascendancy of their own ethnic kin to the presidency as the best assurance to access socio-economic benefi ts. This calls for concerted efforts to counter this jingoism and therefore becomes a key area of focus for the Commission.
Some of the effects of negative ethnicity
1. Our people are being fi nished syndrome It acts as a barrier to effective service delivery by the government as matters of national importance are viewed not on merit but through ethnic-tinted glasses and decisions are made according to how they affect a particular ethnic community and not the entire nation.
2. It is our turn to eat Matters of national development are sacrifi ced at the altar of ethnicity, religious and racial considerations when priority is to be given to the promotion of ethnic interests that lead to equal distribution and allocation of resources. 3. The syndrome of foreigners versus locals yet we are all Kenyans It acts to inhibit the attainment of harmonious relationships between ethnic communities by building barriers to integration and involvement in other ethnic groups’ cultural, social and economic activities.
As a diverse nation of over forty ethnic and racial communities and different religions affi liations, a change of attitude is urgently called for as an un-negotiated necessity for the success of all initiatives promoting cohesion and integration by the NCIC.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.24
2.2 The frameworks for national cohesion and integration2.2.1 The global trends
There are national cohesion and integration experiences all over the world, with a few standing out as international examples. In Europe, perhaps the most intriguing national cohesion is between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. While they have not yet reached a decision to merge, the ceasefi re in the war that had ravaged the region for decades demonstrated clearly the power of cohesion and integration. Ireland is increasingly moving towards a merger.
In Africa the reintegration of secessionist Biafra into the rest of the Nigerian nation in 1970 is a living example. After three years of war, peace was brokered by the then OAU, United Nations and the International Community and this has seen landmark co-existence between the Ibos and the rest of Nigerians.
In Australia the struggle for recognition by Aborigines and the pursuant efforts to integrate them into the mainstream national development has signifi cantly reduced the animosity that had been generated by ethnicity. Until the Aborigines began agitating for their rights, their deprivation had been largely assumed. This led to animosity that cost many lives.
In South Africa more than fi ve decades apartheid regime had torn the country apart. Indeed the apartheid regime Balkanized South African communities, setting them against each other through a “divide and rule” system that saw black people kill each other to the advantage of white people. It was not until 1990 when Nelson Mandela was released that peace began to be enjoyed in this region. For many, expectations were that Mandela would go for revenge. To the contrary Mandela became extremely accommodating and went for reconciliation, a virtue that has remained unrivaled globally.
During Independence negotiations, Mandela extended an olive branch to his bitter rivals like Chief Mongosuthu Buthelezi and President Fredrick de Klerk by accommodating them in his cabinet. This gesture appeased the Zulus and the Afrikaans who had built a very high level of skepticism in the leadership of African National Congress (ANC) under Nelson Mandela. Subsequently, the South African Government established a Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission which provided a platform of self and inner examination for all those who had fought and killed, punished and gravely hurt each other to reconcile and unite the country.
The task ahead of the NCIC is similar to what these have gone through. The NCIC can borrow from the experience of these countries. The examples cited above should help in benchmarking and modeling NCIC interventions.
2.2.2 The long-term national development agenda (Vision 2030)
i. Currently Kenya’s development blueprint, dubbed Vision 2030, aims at transforming Kenya into a newly industrializing “middle-income country, providing high quality of life to all its citizens by the year 2030.” Signifi cantly, too, the Vision 2030 plan is expected to pay attention to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), whose core remits include: Reduction of hunger and extreme poverty
ii. Universal primary education iii. Gender equality
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.49
deve
lopm
ent a
nd
all h
uman
righ
ts
and
fund
amen
tal
free
dom
s
Gen
erat
e da
ta o
n m
echa
nism
s fo
r
full
prot
ectio
n ag
ains
t et
hnic
, rac
ial
and
relig
ious
di
scrim
inat
ion
&
diss
emin
ate
the
info
rmat
ion
and
stre
ngth
en a
venu
es fo
r rea
lisat
ion
of
lega
l pr
otec
tion
for a
ll
Rem
ovin
g al
l adm
inis
trativ
e
and
lega
l im
pedi
men
ts to
full
real
isat
ion
of r
ight
s by
all t
hrou
gh
anal
ysis
of a
ll la
ws a
nd p
olic
ies
Rep
orte
d et
hnic
,
race
and
relig
ion
abus
es
Enc
oura
ge m
ulti-
stak
ehol
der
oppo
rtuni
ties t
o in
put i
n po
licie
s and
law
dev
elop
men
t and
impl
emen
tatio
n
Taki
ng m
easu
res,
in
coop
erat
ion
with
rele
vant
stak
ehol
ders
at a
ll le
vels
and
as
appr
opria
te, i
n ac
cord
ance
with
the
Cha
rter o
f the
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
, the
Uni
vers
al D
ecla
ratio
n of
Hum
an
Rig
hts,
othe
r int
erna
tiona
l
inst
rum
ents
and
rele
vant
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
reso
lutio
ns, t
o cr
eate
the
appr
opria
te p
oliti
cal,
adm
inis
trativ
e an
d le
gal
envi
ronm
ent t
o ad
dres
s the
root
caus
e of
eth
nic,
raci
al a
nd
relig
ious
dis
crim
inat
ion
to a
llow
for i
nclu
sion
of a
ll in
nat
iona
l
deve
lopm
ent
thro
ugh
crea
tion
of
sust
aine
d ne
twor
ks
Ana
lysi
s of t
reat
y
repo
rts
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.48
KR
A 5
: F
acili
tate
the
oper
atio
nalis
atio
n of
law
s, po
licie
s and
pra
ctic
es th
at c
ount
er e
thni
c, r
ace
and
relig
ious
tens
ions
Prom
ote
an e
nabl
ing
adm
inis
trativ
e an
d le
gisl
ativ
e
fram
ewor
k th
at e
nhan
ces p
eace
and
harm
ony
A su
ppor
tive
and
stab
le
adm
inis
trativ
e
and
lega
l
fram
ewor
k th
at
prom
otes
the
mut
ually
rein
forc
ing
rela
tions
hip
betw
een
dem
ocra
cy,
Inte
grat
ed b
road
-bas
ed a
nd m
ulti-
ethn
ic d
ispu
te re
solu
tion
plat
form
s
Supp
ort t
he c
reat
ion
of
com
mun
ity D
ispu
tes R
esol
utio
n
Com
mitt
ees
Exis
tenc
e of
law
s
and
polic
ies t
hat
prom
ote
equa
lity
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.25
iv. Reduction in child mortality v. Improvement in maternal health vi. Lower HIV/AIDS and major disease incidence vii. Environmental sustainability viii. Better partnerships with international development partners.
The expected realization of the Vision 2030 is anchored on the economic, social and political pillars, which identify crucial fl agship projects that are expected to ‘set pace for vessels behind them.’ Underpinning these pillars are the key principles of equitable social development, people centeredness, equitable sharing of national resources and services, accountable and democratic leadership which resonates well with the cohesion and integration approach to development.
The economic pillar is expected to sustain the economic growth at 10 percent per annum for the next 25 years. To achieve this current macro-economic stability must be maintained and bottle necks such as low savings to GDP ratio, poor infrastructure and high energy costs must be dealt with among other critical problems. The social pillar is a basis of transformation of our society and it aims at investing in the people of Kenya by maintaining a just and cohesive society that enjoys equitable social development in a clean and secure environment with a hope for future generations.The political pillar envisions a democratic political system that is issue-based, people-centered, result oriented and accountable to the public. It expects to realize a system that refl ects the aspirations and expectations of its people and promotes national cohesion and integration and leadership that is highly accountable to the people of Kenya.
Major concerns and issues of cohesion and integration are included in the Vision 2030 in specifi c priority areas, such as achievement of MDGs, as well as in broad statements, such as the avowal to make Kenya a ‘rights respecting state.’ Equally important, the strategic initiatives identifi ed across all the economic, social and political pillars suggest indirectly the commitment to the principles of cohesion and integration approach to development including policy and operational actions that aim at ensuring that economic and political governance, political conduct, investment, resource allocation, delivery of services, and generally the management of all public affairs will adhere to the principles of accountability, non-discrimination, participation and empowerment. These factors are enshrined in Kenya’s New Kenya Constitution and are underpinned specifi cally in chapters One (1), four (4) fi ve (5) and generally by the whole constitution.
Therefore the NCIC mandate of facilitating the promotion of national cohesion and integration will have an important role to play in enhancing the implementation of the Vision 2030 and ultimately the Constitution as demonstrated in the next chapter.
2.2.3 Agenda Four (4) of the National Accord
The violence that erupted in Kenya following the December 2007/2008 elections brought to the fore deep-seated and unaddressed issues and divisions in Kenya. It threatened the existence of the nation as a unifi ed nation-state and threatened to divide the country into ethno-regional blocks. The African Union stepped in
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.26
to help save the situation and a Panel of Eminent African Personalities chaired by H.E. Kofi Annan was set up. It is under the guidance of this team that temporary political arrangements – by way of enactment of the National Accord and Reconciliation Act 2008 were made and this brought to the end the violent political skirmishes.
Consequently, it has been realized that for there to be sustainable peace, stability and justice, critical and deep rooted issues must be addressed. These are in part: i. Escalated poverty ii. (b)Inequitable distribution of national resources iii. (c)Historical injustices that include exclusion of some segments of society from the mainstream
economic and political arenas that drive distribution of the national resources and services.
Discussions around these deep rooted issues formed the basis for Agenda Four, which has the ‘consolidation of national cohesion and integration agenda’ at its core.
2.2.4 The National Cohesion and Integration Act (No. 12 of 2008)
On account of the very few countries that have specifi cally legislated for national cohesion and integration in the world, Kenya made a landmark breakthrough by enacting the National Cohesion and Integration Act of 2008 (NCI Act 2008). This was reaffi rmed by a resounding approval by two-thirds majority of the New Constitution (2010) through a national referendum. This move has been acclaimed both by Kenyans and by international communities. The NCIC Act’s main aim is to eliminate all forms of ethnic, religious and racial discrimination so as to achieve the mandate and objectives as laid out under Section 25 of the NCI Act.
Prior to this NCI Act, the laws dealing with discrimination based on ethnicity, race, and religion were somewhat disparate in nature creating vagueness in defi nitions and hence no clearly spelt-out offences, particularly addressing discrimination on the above mentioned basis was available.The NCI Act 2008 encourages national cohesion and integration by outlawing discrimination on ethnic grounds and provides for the establishment, powers and functions of the NCIC.
Through this Act, the commission seeks to identify and promote the national values of hard work and create a new culture of unity, peace and harmony that binds together all Kenyans and stop the erosion of ‘our sense of pride’ in the national symbols such as the Flag and the National Anthem.
NCIC intends to promote wider usage of the national language, Kiswahili, in offi cial and non offi cial communication to help reverse some of the weak bonds that exist among the fragmented societies. This shall be carried out by identifying role models in varied fi elds of business, sports, arts & entertainment, highlighting the ethnic diversity of such role models and the richness of such diversity (positive ethnicity).
Such role models will then be engaged as goodwill ambassadors of the commission to spread the messages of tolerance, understanding and respect for religious and cultural diversity and the importance of peaceful and harmonious coexistence among different communities.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.47
Con
sist
ent m
onito
ring
and
pro-
activ
e en
gage
men
t with
rele
vant
acto
rs
Dev
elop
men
t of a
com
preh
ensi
ve n
atio
nal d
atab
ase
of in
cide
nces
and
per
petra
tors
of
ethn
ic a
nd ra
ce re
late
d cr
imes
Qua
lity
and
volu
me
of d
atab
ase
esta
blis
hed
Rel
evan
t Gov
ernm
ent
depa
rtmen
ts
Con
duct
issu
e-sp
ecifi
c fa
ct-
findi
ng m
issi
ons
Dev
elop
ind
icat
ors o
n co
hesi
on
and
inte
grat
ion
Doc
umen
ted
best
prac
tices
on
you
th
and
natio
nal v
alue
s
Publ
ishe
rs a
nd
corp
orat
e
Prom
ote
ethn
ic in
tegr
atio
n an
d he
lp
to fo
rmul
ate
Early
War
ning
Sys
tem
s
for e
ffec
tive
hand
ling
of e
min
ent
conf
licts
and
trib
al a
nim
ositi
es
Adv
ocat
e an
d lo
bby
yout
hs to
docu
men
t bes
t pra
ctic
e in
val
ues
Und
erta
ke re
sear
ch o
n ef
fect
ive
yout
h le
d pe
acef
ul c
oexi
sten
ce
mec
hani
sms
Dev
elop
ed c
riter
ia
for i
dent
ifyin
g an
d
dete
rmin
ing
hots
pot
Don
ors a
nd
deve
lopm
ent p
artn
ers
Perio
dic
revi
ews a
nd p
ublic
atio
n of
repo
rts
List
s of h
ot-s
pots
with
syst
emic
occu
rren
ce o
f vio
lenc
e
Num
ber o
f
prog
ram
me
revi
ews c
ondu
cted
Com
mun
ity L
evel
:
Com
mun
ity g
roup
s and
CB
Os
Con
duct
mid
-term
revi
ew a
nd
end
term
revi
ews
Num
ber a
nd
qual
ity o
f rep
orts
and
info
rmat
ion
publ
ishe
d
Lear
ning
cen
tres a
nd
train
ing
inst
itutio
ns
Publ
ish
repo
rts o
f rev
iew
s and
prog
ram
mes
Num
ber a
nd le
vel
of in
form
atio
n
diss
emin
atio
n
sess
ions
Publ
ish
and
diss
emin
ate
rese
arch
repo
rts o
n st
ate
of re
conc
iliat
ion,
cohe
sion
and
inte
grat
ion.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.46
Use
inte
r-et
hnic
con
sorti
a to
brin
g
abou
t pol
itica
l tol
eran
ce in
run
up to
elec
tion
proc
esse
s.
Insp
ectio
n of
ele
ctor
al sy
stem
s
prio
r to
gene
ral e
lect
ions
to
asce
rtain
fairn
ess d
urin
g
elec
tione
erin
g an
d po
lling
so th
at
conf
lict a
s a re
sult
of e
lect
ions
is
erad
icat
ed.
Prom
ote
judi
cial
bes
t pra
ctic
es o
n
issu
es o
f eth
nici
ty, r
ace,
relig
ion
and
soci
al o
rigin
.
Con
vene
dis
cuss
ion
foru
ms w
ith
Mag
istra
tes a
nd Ju
dges
on
best
judi
cial
pra
ctic
es
Reg
ular
mee
tings
, dis
cuss
ion
foru
ms a
nd w
orks
hops
with
the
IEB
C a
nd se
curit
y ag
enci
es.
KR
A 4
: Pro
mot
e R
esea
rch
and
mon
itori
ng o
f the
stat
us a
nd tr
ends
of n
atio
nal p
eace
and
stab
ility
and
adv
ice
rele
vant
stat
e
agen
cies
.
Sust
aina
ble
peac
e an
d st
abili
ty
Enha
nced
know
ledg
e ba
se
to c
ount
er th
reat
s
to p
eace
and
stab
ility
Dev
elop
a d
ata
base
on
the
trend
s, ex
tent
and
stat
us o
f con
flict
s
that
are
prim
arily
driv
en b
y
ethn
icity
, rac
e or
relig
ion
in th
e
coun
try
Com
para
tive
rese
arch
and
anal
ysis
on
devo
lutio
n et
hnic
man
agem
ent l
esso
ns le
arne
d an
d
best
pra
ctic
es;
Num
ber o
f
criti
cal/s
trate
gic
rese
arch
are
as
iden
tifie
d or
/con
ceiv
ed
Nat
iona
l Lev
el :
Res
earc
h an
d ac
adem
ic
inst
itutio
ns
Con
duct
spec
ific
stud
ies o
n
iden
tifie
d ho
t spo
ts to
det
erm
ine
the
root
cau
ses o
f rec
urre
nt c
onfli
cts
Und
erta
ke st
udy
on d
evol
utio
n
ethn
ic h
otsp
ots i
n co
unty
gove
rnm
ents
Num
ber o
f TO
Rs
deve
lope
d
Res
earc
h C
SOs a
nd
NG
Os
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.27
2.3 Stakeholder Analysis
This is an important part of this strategic Plan as it identifi es the key players with whom NCIC will regularly interact. NCIC key stakeholders include individuals, groups, communities, companies, faith-based groups and government institutions whose actions in one way or the other affect the advancement of national cohesion and integration in the country. These stakeholders are divided into three categories thus: primary, secondary and tertiary stakeholders.
The primary stakeholders include direct benefi ciaries of NCIC services, such as State policy organs, development practitioners, minorities and individual complainants.
The secondary stakeholders comprise of groups who are interested in the promotion of national cohesion and integration in Kenya, for example the Judiciary, Police, Gender Commission, Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC), Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR), Interim Independent Electoral Commission (IIEC), Interim Independent Boundaries Review Commission (IIBRC) and Non Governmental Organizations NGOs.
Tertiary stakeholders include those organizations that collectively provide an enabling environment for the Commission to work. They include the parent ministry (MOJNCCA) and Development Partners.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.28
A detailed stakeholder analysis is contained in table 1 below:
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.45
loca
l gov
ernm
ent
deci
sion
-mak
ing
proc
esse
s
Su
ppor
t to
acad
emic
and
rese
arch
inst
itutio
ns th
roug
h
rese
arch
pro
ject
s
Con
fiden
ce in
loca
l gov
ernm
ent
M
onito
ring
of th
e go
vern
ance
impl
emen
tatio
n pr
oces
s.
Com
posi
tion
of
coun
ty
gove
rnm
ents
and
parli
amen
t ref
lect
s
soci
al c
ompo
sitio
n
of th
e el
ecto
rate
En
gagi
ng in
com
mun
ity
just
ice
initi
ativ
es
A
ctio
n pl
an fo
r civ
ic
educ
atio
n on
nat
iona
l val
ues
Act
ion
plan
prep
ared
Y
outh
trai
ned
in n
atio
nal
valu
es in
eac
h of
the
47 C
ount
ies
Num
ber o
f you
th
enga
ged
in
natio
nal v
alue
s
train
ing
M
anua
l on
Nat
iona
l val
ues
train
ing
Enga
ging
the
IEB
C a
s wel
l as
secu
rity
agen
cies
on
the
proc
ess o
f
prep
arat
ion
and
cond
uct o
f ele
ctio
ns
Hos
t com
mun
ity le
ader
ship
feed
back
foru
ms i
n 47
cou
ntie
s
Mon
itor a
nd w
ork
clos
ely
with
the
med
ia.
Adh
eren
ce to
mec
hani
sms
with
in th
e ne
w c
onst
itutio
n w
hich
prot
ect t
he v
ulne
rabl
e,
mar
gina
lized
and
min
oriti
es
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.44
irres
pect
ive
of
soci
al o
rigin
,
ethn
icity
, rac
e
and
relig
ion.
sens
e of
natio
nal p
ride
enha
nced
Com
mun
ity se
nsiti
zatio
n on
nat
iona
l
valu
es
Trai
ning
s fo
r po
lice,
Adm
inis
tratio
n pe
rson
nel
and
cons
ulta
tive
mee
tings
with
judg
es
Con
fiden
ce in
the
lega
l sys
tem
amon
gst c
itize
ns
Enga
ge N
atio
nal
Val
ues
Adv
isor
y
Boa
rd a
nd o
ther
stak
ehol
ders
Enga
ging
with
the
proc
ess o
f
impl
emen
ting
the
devo
lved
gove
rnan
ce st
ruct
ure
Exis
tenc
e of
alte
rnat
ive
inst
itutio
ns to
man
age,
pre
vent
or
reso
lve
conf
licts
Mul
ti-St
akeh
olde
r Pa
rtici
patio
n in
the
Mon
itorin
g,
Ove
rsig
ht
and
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
Po
licie
s,
Prog
ram
s, Pr
ojec
ts, a
nd S
ervi
ces
Elim
inat
ing
all f
orm
s of
disc
rimin
atio
n al
ong
ethn
ic, r
acia
l
and
relig
ious
line
s, w
hile
deve
lopi
ng a
nd e
ncou
ragi
ng
educ
atio
nal p
rogr
amm
es a
nd
med
ia c
ampa
igns
to th
at e
nd
Rep
orte
d et
hnic
,
raci
al a
nd re
ligio
us
abus
es
R
esea
rch
proj
ects
, edu
catio
n
and
inpu
t int
o po
licy
deve
lopm
ent
Reg
ular
ity a
nd
qual
ity o
f cou
ntry
repo
rts to
rele
vant
treat
y bo
dies
(in
parti
cula
r CER
D)
Aw
aren
ess c
ampa
igns
Ana
lysi
s of t
reat
y
repo
rts
Tr
aini
ng a
nd a
war
enes
s
prog
ram
mes
and
inpu
t to
polic
y
Parti
cipa
tion
and
repr
esen
tatio
n of
all l
ocal
com
mun
ities
in
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.29
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.30 Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.43
Use
role
mod
els a
s age
nts o
f
effe
ctiv
e tra
nsfo
rmat
ion.
Publ
ish
of a
list
of n
ames
of
pers
ons o
r ins
titut
ions
who
se
actio
ns h
ave
cont
ribut
ed to
war
ds
enha
ncin
g na
tiona
l coh
esio
n an
d
inte
grat
ion
and
one
of
pers
ons/
inst
itutio
ns w
hose
act
ions
have
und
erm
ined
coh
esio
n an
d
inte
grat
ion
in th
e co
untry
(Nam
ing
and
Sham
ing)
List
pub
lishe
d an
d
diss
emin
ated
Med
ia
Esta
blis
hmen
t of m
echa
nism
s
for a
rbitr
atio
n, re
conc
iliat
ion
and
med
iatio
n
Dev
elop
men
t of a
nat
iona
l
polic
y an
d ad
voca
cy p
latfo
rm fo
r
reco
ncili
atio
n, c
ohes
ion
and
inte
grat
ion
Polic
y fr
amew
ork
deve
lope
d an
d
appl
ied
Min
istry
of J
ustic
e,
Parli
amen
t, Sp
ecia
lists
on p
olic
y, C
ivil
Soci
ety
and
dono
rs
KR
A 3
: S
tren
gthe
ning
goo
d go
vern
ance
in th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e ne
w c
onst
itutio
n th
roug
h em
phas
is o
n eq
uita
ble
acce
ss
to p
ublic
res
ourc
es
To e
nsur
e fa
ir ac
cess
to
natio
nal r
esou
rces
by
all
incl
udin
g th
e m
argi
naliz
ed.
Incr
ease
d
equi
tabl
e ac
cess
to p
ublic
reso
urce
s by
all
Iden
tify,
cam
paig
n an
d lo
bby
for
fair
and
incl
usiv
e el
ecto
ral p
roce
sses
at c
ount
y an
d na
tiona
l lev
els.
Und
erta
ke m
appi
ng o
f key
chan
ge/o
pini
on m
aker
s in
47
coun
ties
Equa
lity
in a
cces
s
to so
cial
and
pub
lic
serv
ice
and
reso
urce
s
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.42
disc
rimin
atio
n
law
s, po
licie
s
and
prac
tices
by
stat
e ag
enci
es.
Wat
er, F
ood,
Shel
ter a
nd
Educ
atio
n
Incr
ease
d
acce
ptan
ce,
tole
ranc
e an
d
appr
ecia
tion
of
ethn
ic d
iver
sity
by a
ll et
hnic
grou
ps, r
acia
l
and
relig
ious
grou
ps a
nd
pers
ons o
f all
colo
ur
in th
e
Ken
yan
soci
ety.
Polic
y ad
voca
cy
Enga
ging
rele
vant
gov
ernm
ent
inst
itutio
ns
Bui
ld c
apac
ity o
f key
gov
ernm
ent,
publ
ic a
nd p
rivat
e or
gani
zatio
ns to
effe
ctiv
ely
rais
e aw
aren
ess o
n
resp
ect f
or u
nity
in d
iver
sity
with
in
the
diff
eren
t sec
tions
of s
ocie
ty.
Aw
aren
ess r
aisi
ng se
ssio
ns o
n
the
man
date
of t
he N
atio
nal
Coh
esio
n an
d In
tegr
atio
n
Com
mis
sion
in 4
7 co
untie
s
Num
ber o
f cou
nty
sess
ions
hel
d
CB
O's,
NG
O's,
Fai
th
base
d or
gani
zatio
ns,
You
th a
nd W
omen
Org
aniz
atio
ns
Prom
ote
the
use
of a
ltern
ativ
e
disp
ute
reso
lutio
n m
echa
nism
s
Prod
uctio
n of
spec
ial r
epor
ts o
n
alte
rnat
ive
disp
ute
reso
lutio
n
mec
hani
sms
Num
ber o
f
Con
flict
s med
iate
d
thro
ugh
Alte
rnat
ive
Dis
pute
Res
olut
ion
mec
hani
sms
Num
ber o
f peo
ple
train
ed in
alte
rnat
ive
disp
ute
reso
lutio
n
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.31
CHAPTER THREE3.0 The situation analysis
3.1 External environment
The external analysis looked at the environment in which the Commission operates, to determine how this will affect its ability to achieve its Vision, Mission and Mandate. During the preparation of this strategic plan, the external impacts that were examined ranged from the global, regional and local platforms. The following are the opportunities and threats identifi ed.
3.1.1 Opportunities
i. The Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation mediated by the Panel of Eminent African Personalities presents the platform/entry point for the Commission to make thematic interventions on key human rights issues.
ii. Government initiatives that arose out of the Post election Violence, such as the Constitutional Reform, and the Report of the Independent Review Commission on Elections (the Kriegler Commission) and the Commission of Inquiry into Post-Election Violence (the Waki Commission).
iii. The Kenya Vision 2030 is pro-cohesion and integration, which is making a signifi cant contribution to Kenya’s development agenda.
iv. In the Coalition government opposing parties can act as checks and balances against each other. v. Advancement in technology may open doors to the Commission to deliver its advocacy, public
education and engage in social mobilization. vi. MOJNCCA Strategic Plan – This strategic plan provides opportunity for partnership with the Ministry
to implement NCIC mandate and to have structured engagement. vii. Support from the Government and Development Partners
3.1.2 Threats
i. Weak implementation of Government initiatives may lead to fresh eruption of violence.
ii. There is heightened feeling of ethnic exclusivity. For example, the new counties created by the Constitution if not properly established could easily emerge as ethnic enclaves defeating the purpose of national unity.
iii. There is lack of faith in institutions such as Judiciary, Police Service and Provincial Administration, which may easily lead to breakdown of the state.
iv. Threats of collapse of the coalition government before 2012, due to regular misunderstandings and blame games.
v. Failure to implement the new Constitution and Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation on schedule could create tensions that could result in violence and disunity among the coalition partners.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.32
vi. Insuffi cient funding to the Commission could lead to failure to implement the Commission’s mandate.
3.2 Internal environment
The internal situation analysis evaluated the competencies within NCIC to determine whether it had the requisite capability to achieve its objectives and realize its Vision and Mission. In this regard the analysis focused on management systems, technical capacity, the number and levels of expertise of its staff, fi nances as well as other pertinent factors
3.2.1 Strengths
The following strengths were identifi ed:
i. Wide mandate that allows for innovation ii. Strong statutory framework providing for the Commission’s independence iii. Independence, credibility and legitimacy iv. Well qualifi ed multi-disciplinary cadre of Commissioners
3.2.2 Weaknesses
The weaknesses that were identifi ed were:
i. Limited physical accessibility of the commission, which only has one (1) offi ce nationally ii. Underdeveloped internal control systems (Finance, Procurement & Human Resources) iii. Limited capacity in programme planning, coordination, and monitoring and evaluation frameworks iv. Weak information management systems v. Inadequate number of staff vi. Limited staff skills, knowledge and experience in cohesion and integration vii. Inadequate fi nancial management capacity.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.41
KR
A 2
: The
elim
inat
ion
of a
ll fo
rms
of d
iscr
imin
atio
n (e
thni
c, r
acia
l, re
ligio
us a
nd s
ocia
l ori
gin)
in K
enya
To e
nsur
e in
crea
sed
obse
rvan
ce o
f Coh
esio
n an
d
Inte
grat
ion
Prac
tices
in th
e
runn
ing
of p
ublic
aff
airs
Incr
ease
d
enjo
ymen
t of
right
s an
d
priv
ilege
s by
all
ethn
ic a
nd s
ocia
l
orig
in, r
acia
l and
relig
ious
gro
ups
of th
e co
untry
Iden
tify
and
prof
ile s
yste
mic
case
s of
eth
nic,
soc
ial o
rigin
,
relig
ious
and
raci
al d
iscr
imin
atio
n
Dev
elop
men
t of a
com
preh
ensi
ve n
atio
nal d
atab
ase
of in
cide
nces
and
per
petra
tors
of
ethn
ic a
nd ra
ce re
late
d cr
imes
Com
preh
ensi
ve li
st
of in
cide
nts
and
perp
etra
tors
prep
ared
Polic
e, J
udic
iary
C
ondu
ct e
thni
c au
dit w
ithin
publ
ic a
nd g
over
nmen
t ins
titut
ions
Publ
ic a
udit
each
cale
ndar
yea
r
cond
ucte
d
Res
earc
h in
stitu
tions
,
Scho
lars
Min
istri
es,
Parli
amen
tary
Com
mitt
ee o
n Eq
ual
Opp
ortu
nity
and
Parli
amen
tary
Com
mitt
ee o
n Le
gal
Aff
airs
Incr
ease
d
enfo
rcem
ent o
f
ethn
ic (r
ace,
relig
ion,
soc
ial
orig
in) b
ased
Gat
herin
g an
d di
ssem
inat
ion
of
info
rmat
ion
on th
e ca
uses
and
effe
cts
of m
argi
naliz
atio
n
Soci
al a
udits
and
adv
isor
ies
on
serv
ices
pro
ne to
in-e
quity
in
acce
ss.
Soci
al a
udits
and
advi
sorie
s on
acce
ss to
ser
vice
s
cond
ucte
d in
sect
ors
of H
ealth
,
Con
sulta
nts
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.40
reso
urce
dis
tribu
tion
whi
ch w
ill b
e
used
as
advo
cacy
tool
s
by c
ircum
stan
ces
Spon
sor s
choo
l deb
ates
, dra
ma
and
mus
ic fe
stiv
als
Mus
ic, d
ram
a an
d
deba
te fe
stiv
als
with
coh
esio
n
reco
ncili
atio
n an
d
inte
grat
ion
them
es
held
Min
istry
of E
duca
tion,
Min
istry
of C
ultu
re
and
Her
itage
Dev
elop
re
conc
iliat
ion
cohe
sion
and
inte
grat
ion
train
ing
mod
ules
for
gove
rnm
ent
train
ing
inst
itutio
ns o
n de
volu
tion
Cur
ricul
um
deve
lope
d
TJR
C, D
PC's,
Civ
il
Soci
ety,
NSC
, GTI
's
Prom
ote
inte
grat
ion
at s
choo
l
leve
l
Rev
iew
of
qu
ota
syst
em
of
educ
atio
n
New
fram
ewor
k
for t
he e
duca
tion
syst
em d
evel
oped
Min
istry
of E
duca
tion,
Lobb
y fo
r int
egra
tion
of n
atio
nal
valu
es in
sch
ool c
urric
ulum
from
prim
ary
to u
nive
rsity
leve
l
Nat
iona
l val
ues
inte
grat
ed in
curr
icul
um
Min
istry
of E
duca
tion,
Min
istry
of H
ighe
r
Educ
atio
n, N
atio
nal
Val
ues
Adv
isor
y B
oard
Hol
d co
unty
and
nat
iona
l you
th
and
polic
y-m
aker
s co
nfer
ence
on
yout
h-le
d co
hesi
on m
odel
s
Con
fere
nce
held
M
inis
try o
f You
th
Aff
airs
Prom
ote
natio
nal v
alue
s th
roug
h
yout
h an
d ch
ildre
n in
itiat
ives
thro
ugh
TV a
nd ra
dio
One
yea
r
cont
inuo
us T
V ta
lk
show
feat
urin
g
scho
ol d
ebat
es
Med
ia h
ouse
s
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.33
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 The strategic direction The strategic direction has been defi ned on the basis of the Commission’s visionary, missionary and philosophical outlook as espoused in introduction of this strategic plan.
4.2 The critical strategic issues
Based on literature review as well as provincial consultations conducted in a representative sample of four regions, namely Western, Upper Eastern, Coast and North Rift, and direct interviews conducted with key stakeholders, a number of issues that have continued to fan and perpetuate confl ict, thereby destroying harmonious co-existence amongst Kenyans of different ethnicity (and at times even of similar ethnic backgrounds), were identifi ed:
i. Unequal distribution of the national resources and services ii. Poor service delivery iii. Tribalism and negative ethnicity iv. Poor and inappropriate state policies and practices v. Perpetuation of bad governance policies and practices vi. Increased and unsustainable unemployment levels especially in marginalized areas vii. Limited capacity for research and monitoring viii. Limited capacity for implementation of policy ix. Lack of national values to act as the glue which binds Kenyans together as one people
4.2.1 Unequal distribution of the national resources and services
Since independence Kenya has pursued centralized development policies that have concentrated most of the decisions and authority at the centre, leaving peripheral structures with very limited bargaining power. Over time, this situation has created unequal distribution of national resources and opportunities. It has created a situation in which a few people have the power to determine what share each region gets. This has in turn led to:
i. Marginalization, or perceptions among some communities that do not have patrons at the centre ii. Disparities in regional development where, for example, some regions do not have never as much as a kilometre of tarmac road iii. Limited access to resources by peripheral communities iv. Institutionalized corruption and bribery in order to access services.
As stated in the Kiliku Report of (1983) and Akiwumi Report of (1993) civil strife experienced in the country in 1963, 1992, 2002 and 2008 is only the tip of the iceberg to the real problem, which lies in unequal distribution of national resources.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.34
4.2.2 Poor service delivery
Poor service delivery dis-empowers people and denies them their fundamental and basic rights which leads to: i. Poor access to education leading to high levels of illiteracy ii. Poor access to health, water and sanitation iii. Poor infrastructure development such as roads, transport and other primary means of communication iv. Inability to participate in important national agendas.
In summary service delivery has remained skewed in favour of some areas and as a consequence this has bred animosity, enmity and jealousies amongst various communities in the country. Many studies on the political landscape of Kenya have shown that these characteristics lie in situ in most areas of the country where different communities co-exist and only require a trigger to ignite.
4.2.3 Negative ethnicity
There are over 40 ethnic communities in the country. These have historically coexisted in harmony until recent times when negative ethnicity – which is promoted through bad politics – emerged as a convenient political tool. Negative ethnicity has led to: i. Political, economic and social marginalization of minority ethnic communities ii. Discrimination in accessing public resources, services and employment iii. Increased suspicion, mistrust and tension amongst Kenyans, perpetuated by tribal discrimination iv. Emergence of fi efdoms and so-called tribal ‘kings’ or ‘patrons’ who present themselves as protectors of their community interests v. Hate speech, promoted through both print and electronic media including Short Message Service (SMS) through cell phones.
4.2.4 Poor and inappropriate public policies
Some of the key public policies that have been the cause of confl icts are land policy, education policy, employment policy, gender policy, youth policy, minority etc. Most of the proposals in these policies have in them discriminatory undertones that have continued to impoverish and marginalize some sections of the population.
4.2.5 The perpetuation of bad governance policies and practices including lack of transparency and accountability and political process
Sessional Paper No. 10 of 1965 outlined clearly and emphatically the principles that Kenya and Kenyans fought for during the freedom struggle that spanned decades from the 1920s- 1960s when the country attained
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.39
mat
eria
ls o
n na
tiona
l rec
onci
liatio
n,
cohe
sion
int
egra
tion
publ
icity
mat
eria
ls s
uch
as
billb
oard
s, b
anne
rs, p
oste
rs,
t-shi
rts, c
aps,
pen
s, c
alen
dar
qual
ity o
f IEC
mat
eria
ls p
rodu
ced
and
diss
emin
ated
Mon
itor,
docu
men
t and
diss
emin
ate
key
lear
ning
poi
nts
and
best
pra
ctic
es in
nat
iona
l
reco
ncili
atio
n, c
ohes
ion
and
inte
grat
ion
Iden
tify
com
mun
ity
lead
ers
and
wor
k w
ith
the
Dis
trict
Pe
ace
Com
mitt
ees
(DPC
s) in
all
coun
ties
on
addr
essi
ng
the
caus
es
and
solu
tions
to e
thni
c vi
olen
ce
Num
ber o
f
mee
tings
hel
d in
47 c
ount
ies
and
list
of le
ader
s
docu
men
ted
DPC
's an
d pr
ovin
cial
adm
inis
tratio
n
Form
par
tner
ship
s w
ith N
atio
nal
and
Inte
rnat
iona
l age
ncie
s to
bui
ld
capa
citie
s of
com
mun
ities
to
parti
cipa
te in
nat
iona
l rec
onci
liatio
n
cohe
sion
and
Inte
grat
ion
Hol
d m
eetin
gs
with
po
litic
al
lead
ers’
pol
itica
l pa
rties
and
civ
il
soci
ety.
Num
ber o
f
quar
terly
mee
tings
held
with
pol
itica
l
parti
es a
nd c
ivil
soci
ety
Polit
ical
par
ties,
Civ
il
Soci
ety
Cap
acity
-bui
ldin
g fo
r re
leva
nt
natio
nal
stak
ehol
ders
(k
ey
inst
itutio
ns,
polit
ical
par
ties,
civ
il
soci
ety
orga
niza
tions
) on
addr
essi
ng
de
volu
tion
man
agem
ent
chal
leng
es
with
in
thei
r soc
ietie
s;
Dev
olut
ion
mee
tings
hel
d in
all c
ount
ies
Con
stitu
tiona
l exp
erts
,
Min
istry
of L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent
Pro-
activ
ely
take
lead
in a
rticu
latin
g
inte
grat
ion
and
cohe
sion
issu
es
Prom
otin
g na
tiona
l an
d cr
oss-
regi
onal
pol
icy
dial
ogue
on
ethn
ic
dive
rsity
m
anag
emen
t,
parti
cipa
tion
and
repr
esen
tatio
n
Num
ber o
f TV
talk
show
s an
d na
tiona
l
radi
o di
scus
sion
s
Med
ia h
ouse
s
Dev
elop
sim
plifi
ed v
ersi
ons
of th
e
NC
IC A
ct, c
omm
issi
on a
rticl
es fo
r
prin
t an
d br
oadc
ast
med
ia,
med
ia
adve
rtise
men
ts
Sim
plifi
ed v
ersi
ons
diss
emin
ated
Med
ia h
ouse
s an
d
publ
ishi
ng c
ompa
nies
Pr
oduc
tion
of s
peci
al r
epor
ts o
n To
be
dete
rmin
ed
Con
sulta
nts
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.38
KRA 6: NCIC – Organizational Growth and Development
NCIC being the body mandated to oversee implementation of the NCIC Act must have the capacity not only by way of mandate but also through the institutional growth and development to execute the spirit and principle of the law in order that cohesion and integration subsist.
TA
BL
E 3
: T
HE
KE
Y R
ESU
LT
AR
EA
S M
AT
RIX
201
0 –
2013
TA
RG
ET
S O
UT
CO
ME
S ST
RA
TE
GIE
S A
CT
IVIT
IES
IND
ICA
TO
RS
PAR
TN
ER
SHIP
S
KR
A 1
: In
crea
sed
know
ledg
e an
d tr
ansf
orm
atio
nal p
ract
ice
on n
atio
nal r
econ
cilia
tion
cohe
sion
and
inte
grat
ion
To
enh
ance
the
capa
city
of k
ey
acto
rs t
o ap
ply
prin
cipl
es o
f
natio
nal r
econ
cilia
tion
cohe
sion
and
inte
grat
ion
Incr
ease
d
appl
icat
ion
of th
e
key
tene
ts o
f
ethn
icity
, ra
ce,
relig
ion
and
soci
al o
rigin
to
achi
eve
reco
ncili
atio
n
cohe
sion
and
inte
grat
ion
by
key
acto
rs
Bui
ld c
apac
ity o
f tar
gete
d
stak
ehol
ders
to u
psca
le a
war
enes
s
on p
eace
ful c
o-ex
iste
nce
Und
erta
ke c
ohes
ion,
reco
ncili
atio
n
and
inte
grat
ion
train
ing
Num
ber o
f cou
nty
opin
ion
lead
ers
train
ed a
t n
atio
nal
leve
l
Civ
il so
ciet
y an
d
prov
inci
al
adm
inis
tratio
n
sdrawa noiseho
C sdra
wa noisehoC
pres
ente
d to
Ken
yans
who
prom
ote
peac
eful
coex
iste
nce
Stak
ehol
ders
’
com
mitt
ee
Dev
elop
and
dis
sem
inat
e IE
C
Pub
licat
ion
and
dist
ribut
ion
of
Num
ber,
type
s and
A
dver
tisin
g co
mpa
ny
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.35
its independence. Four key ills were identifi ed thus:
i) Illiteracy ii) Poverty iii) Ignorance and v) Poor health.
A resolve was henceforth made through this paper to fi ght these ills and ensure that all Kenyans overcame them in equitable measures. This witnessed the introduction of free health services, primary education and increased support to small scale farmers and small and medium enterprises. These policies helped turn round the Kenyan economy which registered some of the highest growth rates in the world averaging 6 percent in the 1970s.
This economic and social trajectory was to be reversed when the then leadership began to perpetuate and institutionalize corrupt practices, ethnicity and nepotism in their actions. It also generated development disparities where areas like Northern Kenya were seen as parasites to the rest of the economy especially the economy south of railway line. Consequently, for many years, this region received very little public sector investment. This is one of the main contributors to underdevelopment of Northern Kenya.
Some outcomes of such policies are illustrated below:
• Internal confl icts leading to internally displaced persons• Mismanagement and plunder of public resources• Lack of access to justice and delayed justice• Increased insecurity/small arms proliferation due to porosity of our borders • Political patronage and poor service delivery • Political intolerance that has encouraged hate speech among political competitors, where confl ict between ethnic groups has been fuelled by politicians who want to have a stranglehold on leadership, even when they are unpopular
4.2.6 Increased and unsustainable unemployment levels
Unemployment in the country has risen to worrying levels. Although offi cial statistics are silent on this, evidence reveals that almost 50 percent of Kenyans, most of who are aged between 18 and, 30 are unemployed. Current employment policies and practices do not recognize the Kenyan diversity, which has led to discriminative recruitment of new employees. This situation has seen many unemployed young people being easily lured into criminal activities including being misused by politicians to create confl icts and civil strife. Indeed the armed militias that were misused by political leaders in the 2007/2008 skirmishes are the creation of unemployment.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.36
4.2.7 Low capacity for research and monitoring of the status and trends of national peace and stability
Despite the fact that there have been regular political skirmishes in almost all general elections coupled with displacement of people, there has been very little deeper research and analysis to inform policy makers on the root causes of these skirmishes. This has resulted in limited monitoring of trends to help in curbing this occurrence. National peace and security for all is of critical importance for any country as it promotes investments and better life for citizens.
Monitoring of the status of peace and stability requires a multi pronged approach that encompasses both offi cial systems and community based systems that enhance social research in order to capture the full picture. Limited attention to this sector has made it impossible to develop suffi cient early warning systems and other pre emptive measures.
4.2.8 Limited implementation capacity of NCIC
The National Cohesion and Integration Commission is a relatively young institution and faces the huge challenge of accomplishing a major national task within a very short time. During this time the principal outcome is expected to be to ensure that the following processes are peaceful:
i. Referendum on the New Constitution (which has since been achieved) ii. Peaceful 2012 General Elections and other intermediate elections iii. Effective International Criminal Court process to bring all PEV perpetrators to book iv. Responsible implementation of devolved government system v. Promotion of national values and responsible leadership.
This requires that NCIC is fully capacitated in terms of human, fi nancial and physical capital in order to deliver their mandate effectively and effi ciently. Currently NCIC’s core business is being funded solely by government. There are a number of development partners providing specifi c programme support. In order to focus on strategic operation, NCIC will need to mainstream all its funding and activities to facilitate forward planning and predictability. This may require that NCIC organize many development partners’ round table to support implementation of this strategic plan. NCIC will also need to recruit suffi cient numbers of professional staff to accomplish its mandate.
Finally, NCIC requires adequate offi ce space, equipment and other critical communication systems. There will also be need for NCIC to establish outreach programs through partnership with Non State Actors such as Faith-based organizations, Civil Society Organizations and Community-based Organizations in all
4.2.9 Lack of national values to act as the glue which binds Kenyans together as one people
Since independence the country has never developed and promoted any set of values that Kenyans believe in and identify with. This has left a vacuum in values.
Consolidating National Cohesion and Integration in Kenya.37
What platform of values defi nes a Kenyan national? This is the key question. As a Commission charged with creating cohesion and ensuring that the country is integrated, the popularization and internalization of national values as outlined in Chapter 2(10) of the New Constitution will become a core remit.
4.3 The Key Result Areas
The NCIC will in the period of the current strategic planning phase focus its energy and resources to realize the following Key Results Area (KRAs):
KRA 1: Increased Knowledge and transformational practice on National Reconciliation Cohesion and Integration
The need to create awareness among stakeholders and partners on the ills of their erstwhile generally ‘tolerated’ discriminatory practices remains a primary tool in getting the national cohesion and integration agenda adopted widely
KRA 2: The elimination of all forms of discrimination (ethnic, racial, religious and social origin) in KenyaSystematic intervention at policy level that ensures adoption of practices and procedures in public service delivery that is not and is not seen as discriminatory provides opportunity to eliminate discriminatory practices that counter national unity and foster a feeling of nationalism.
KRA 3: Strengthening good governance in the implementation of the new constitution through emphasis on equitable access to public resources.
The new governance system under the Constitution if not accurately implemented can easily further disintegrate the country along ethnic lines. Balancing the need to emphasize professionalism and good leadership vis-à-vis promoting actual and participation by all offers the opportunity to forge a united, harmonious and prosperous Kenyan society.
KRA 4: Promote research and monitoring of the status and trends of national peace and stability and advice relevant state agencies.
Reliable data and statistics provide useful tools in addressing issues of perception and feelings of non inclusion. In addition, they offer useful basis for policy direction that foster peace and unity.
KRA 5: Facilitate the operationalisation of laws, policies and practices that counter ethnic, race and religious tensions.
Providing an enabling environment within which to bring policies, laws and practices into full effect remains a major factor if peaceful and harmonious coexistence are to be present. This necessarily dictates the need to constantly monitor the scope and extent to which violations are present. A key aspect of this includes thorough monitoring of hate speech as well as negative stereotyping which remain major threats to peaceful co-existence of citizens of different ethnicities.
Recommended