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CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY & maintenance. CEM 417. SOURCES FROM slide: MOHD AMIZAN MOHAMD MOHD FADZIL ARSHAD SITI RASHIDAH MOHD NASIR FKA, UiTM Shah Alam. WEEK 7. Construction Plants. WEEK 7. LEARNING OUTCOME. At the end of week 7 lectures, student will be able to : - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY &maintenance
CEM 417SOURCES FROM slide:
MOHD AMIZAN MOHAMDMOHD FADZIL ARSHADSITI RASHIDAH MOHD NASIRFKA, UiTM Shah Alam.
Construction Plants
WEEK 7
WEEK 7
At the end of week 7 lectures, student will be able to :
-Identify the types, functions, capabilities and selections of stationary machines. (CO2; CO3).
-Identify the types, functions, capabilities and selections of compaction machines. (CO2; CO3).
LEARNING OUTCOME
STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - GRAB A crane fitted with a grabbing bucket Excavating efficiency is dependent upon the
self weight of the attachment Limited for fairy loose soil Fitted with interlocking teeth The clamshell has no teeth and only use for
stockpiling very loose material such as sand The whole unit is hung from the crane jib on
a hoist rope
STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - FACE SHOVEL Best operates from a flat prepared surface Use for loading, excavation of embankment or
berm, loosen and load material, mostly used in quarrying and road cuttings
Can be a crawler or wheeled mounted
Type of shovel:- Face shovel Drag shovel Crowd shovel Luffing shovel Skimmer
hoisting
Dipper stick
crowding
Factors for selecting the most advantages size and type of shovel:- Type of material to be worked Depth of banks to be cut Swing angle that must be turned Confinement or space restrictions Job mobility Haul cycle of the transporting equipment Amount of work available Skill of the operator
STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - FACE SHOVEL
STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - BACKHOE
Also known as pull shovel, drag shovel or simply as hoe Used for excavating below the level of the tracks, e.g. trenches,
basement, foundations and for other excavation work in confine situation.
Typical Hydraulic Operated Backactor
DETACHABLE TEETH DEPEND ON THE TYPE OF SOIL
DETACHABLE TEETH DEPEND ON THE TYPE OF SOIL
Production rates depends on the depth of the excavation
The average bucket play load is equal to the heaped bucket capacity play load multiplied by the bucket fill factor
Bucket fill factor will depend on the type of soil
Fill factor e.g. :- moist loan or sandy clay = 100% Sand and gravel = 90 to 100% Well blasted rock = 60 to 75%
STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - BACKHOE
STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - DRAGLINE
May only be used as a rope operated machine, a comparable hydraulic system is not available
Suitable in excavating loose and soft soil below the level of the machine
May be used as an alternative to backhoe The bucket is cast out long from a boom, so that wide
apart of excavation and dumping is possible E.g. for river bottom, channels, canals, ditches and
trench Not suitable for confined space
STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - DRAGLINE
TRENCHERS
Designed to excavate trenches of constant width with considerable accuracy and speed
widths available range from 250 to 450mm with depths up to 4m
Work on a conveyor principle having a series of a small cutting buckets attached to two end less chains which are supported by a boom that is lowered into the ground at the required depth
TRENCHERS
COMPACTION EQUIPMENT
COMPACTION EQUIPMENT
STEEL CYLINDER ROLLER
Two types:- Non vibrating Vibrating rollers
Non vibrating Two types:-
Tandem (two-axle) Three wheeled
Both types are self-propelled Able to be ballasted (added weight) by adding
water or sand to the rolls Ballast normally required when operating the
roller but may be removed when it is to be transported
Maximum effective layer compacted is 250mm
STEEL CYLINDER ROLLER
Two major types:- Vibrating smooth drum rollers
Tractor drawn Self-propelled
Important factors when considering vibrating rollers:- Dynamic force- force exerted by the roller.
Centrifugal force generated by a revolving eccentric shaft and total dead weight of the roller frame and drum
Frequency of vibration – no. of revolutions per minute made by the eccentric shaft
Amplitude of vibration- eccentric shaft rotates, the drum assembly moves up and down. Amplitude is the total distance the drum travels vertically.
VIBRATING ROLLER
PNEUMATIC TIRED ROLLERS Used on pavements such as sprayed or asphalt
mix bitumen surfacing work Suitable when material is cohesive, such as clays,
clayey gravels or loams which is free from rock
TAMPING ROLLER Has a steel drum fitted with ‘feet’ of one type of another Example, sheepsfoot, wedgefoot and pad foot Compacting layer up to 250 mm Normal compaction for clay, clayey gravel and sandy clays Poor performance on sandy gravels Not suitable for compact sand
Tower sheepsfoot rollerSelf-propelled tamping foot roller
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