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Wetlands
Image courtesy of Wetlands International
What is a wetland?
Image courtesy of Alaska Wetland Coalition
Constructed Wetlands • Replicates the naturally occurring processes of a
natural wetland, marsh or swamp
• Water slowly flows through the wetland, particles settle, pathogens are destroyed, and organisms and plants utilize the nutrients
Image courtesy of Morel A., Diener S. 2006.
Image courtesy of Yayasan IDEP Foundation and Wastewater Gardens
How Does it Work?
Benefits: Pathogen and Pollutant Removal
Image courtesy of UN-HABITAT
Types of Constructed Wetlands
Image courtesy of GIZ Sustainable Sanitation Ecosan
Surface Flow Constructed Wetland
Image Courtesy of Natural Systems International
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland
Image Courtesy of Natural Systems International
Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland
Image courtesy of Hoffman
Reed Beds
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland
Image courtesy of Hoffman
Hybrid Constructed Wetland
Image courtesy of SSWM
French System
Images courtesy of EcoSan Club
Plants
Image courtesy of Leelanau Conservation District.
Image courtesy of Vetiver.org
Kathmandu, Nepal
Vertical flow constructed wetland treats 500 litres of water a day
Household Wetland in India
A Hybrid Wetland for Small Community Wastewater Treatment
in Morocco
Image courtesy of EcoSan Club
Primary: Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland
Images courtesy of EcoSan Club
Secondary: Horizontal Constructed Wetland
Images courtesy of EcoSan Club
Tertiary: Vertical Flow Sand Filter
Images courtesy of EcoSan Club
Biogas and Wetland System: Sano Khokana, Nepal
Images courtesy of Prakash Chandra Amatya
Image courtesy of Prakash Chandra Amatya
Constructed Wetlands in Pakistan
Image courtesy of AlertNet
Additional slides
Image courtesy of Hoffman
Construction/Requirements
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