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Connective TissueConnective Tissue
A study in diversityA study in diversity
Connective Tissue Connective Tissue
4 major classes4 major classes
Connective TissueConnective Tissue FatFat Fibrous Fibrous
4 major classes4 major classes
Connective Tissue Connective Tissue FatFat Fibrous Fibrous
CartilageCartilage
4 major classes4 major classes
Connective Tissue Connective Tissue FatFat Fibrous Fibrous
CartilageCartilage BoneBone
4 major classes4 major classes
Connective Tissue Connective Tissue FatFat Fibrous Fibrous
CartilageCartilage BoneBone BloodBlood
4 major classes4 major classes
4 major classes4 major classes
4 major classes4 major classes
4 major classes4 major classes
Function of Connective Function of Connective Tissue Tissue
SupportSupport
Function of Connective Function of Connective Tissue Tissue
SupportSupport ProtectionProtection
Function of Connective Function of Connective Tissue Tissue
SupportSupport ProtectionProtection InsulationInsulation
Function of Connective Function of Connective Tissue Tissue
SupportSupport ProtectionProtection InsulationInsulation TransportTransport
Common Characteristics ?Common Characteristics ?
They originate from the embryonic They originate from the embryonic mesoderm mesoderm
Common Characteristics ?Common Characteristics ?
They originate from the embryonic They originate from the embryonic mesodermmesoderm
Vasculature varies from avascular to Vasculature varies from avascular to vascularvascular
Common Characteristics ?Common Characteristics ?
They originate from the embryonic They originate from the embryonic mesodermmesoderm
Vasculature varies from avascular to Vasculature varies from avascular to vascularvascular
Makes a nonliving extracellular Makes a nonliving extracellular matrix matrix
All connective tissue is made All connective tissue is made up of the following elements :up of the following elements :
All connective tissue is made All connective tissue is made up of the following elements :up of the following elements :
Ground substanceGround substance
All connective tissue is made All connective tissue is made up of the following elements :up of the following elements :
Ground substanceGround substance FibersFibers
All connective tissue is made All connective tissue is made up of the following elements :up of the following elements :
Ground substanceGround substance FibersFibers Cells Cells
The ground substance and The ground substance and fibers make up the matrix fibers make up the matrix
Ground Substance. Ground Substance.
This is a This is a featureless featureless substance that is substance that is made up of water made up of water and proteins , and proteins , much like raw egg much like raw egg whites in whites in appearance and appearance and consistency.consistency.
The ground substance is made The ground substance is made up of the following three up of the following three
components components Interstitial fluidInterstitial fluid
The ground substance is made The ground substance is made up of the following three up of the following three
components components Interstitial fluidInterstitial fluid Cell adhesion proteinsCell adhesion proteins
The ground substance is made The ground substance is made up of the following three up of the following three
components components Interstitial fluidInterstitial fluid Cell adhesion proteinsCell adhesion proteins ProteoglycansProteoglycans
Interstitial FluidInterstitial Fluid
This is a solution that bathes and This is a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular surrounds the cells of multicellular animals animals
Interstitial FluidInterstitial Fluid
This is a solution that bathes and This is a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular surrounds the cells of multicellular animalsanimals
An average person has about 11 An average person has about 11 liters of interstitial fluid, providing liters of interstitial fluid, providing the cells with nutrients and a means the cells with nutrients and a means of waste removal. of waste removal.
Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP) Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP)
Cell adhesion proteins (CAP) are Cell adhesion proteins (CAP) are involved in cell-cell and cell-involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix binding. extracellular matrix binding.
Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP) Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP)
Cell adhesion proteins (CAP) are Cell adhesion proteins (CAP) are involved in cell-cell and cell-involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix binding. extracellular matrix binding.
The major classes of cell adhesion The major classes of cell adhesion molecules are the integrins, molecules are the integrins, cadherins, selectins and the cadherins, selectins and the immunoglobulins. immunoglobulins.
Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP) Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP)
These are the glue that holds the cell These are the glue that holds the cell and tissue together. They become and tissue together. They become continuous with the basement continuous with the basement membrane and the various types of membrane and the various types of adhesion proteins such as adhesion proteins such as desmosomes. desmosomes.
ProteoglycansProteoglycans
Are a complex Are a complex group of proteins group of proteins modified with modified with sugar groups that sugar groups that control how control how viscous the ground viscous the ground substance is. substance is.
Proteoglycans Proteoglycans
Proteoglycans are a major Proteoglycans are a major component of the matrix, the “filler” component of the matrix, the “filler” substance existing between cells in a substance existing between cells in a tissue. tissue.
Proteoglycans Proteoglycans
Proteoglycans are a major Proteoglycans are a major component of the matrix, the “filler” component of the matrix, the “filler” substance existing between cells in a substance existing between cells in a tissue. tissue.
Examples of these include chondrotin Examples of these include chondrotin sulfate and hyaluronic acid. sulfate and hyaluronic acid.
What are the function of these What are the function of these components of the matrix?components of the matrix?
Interstitial fluidInterstitial fluid Cell adhesion proteinsCell adhesion proteins ProteoglycansProteoglycans
The MatrixThe Matrix
Fibers Fibers
There are three types of protein There are three types of protein fibers which make up the matrix. fibers which make up the matrix.
Fibers Fibers
There are three types of protein There are three types of protein fibers which make up the matrix. fibers which make up the matrix.
These protein fibers intermingle with These protein fibers intermingle with the proteins of the ground substance. the proteins of the ground substance.
Fibers Fibers
These proteins are:These proteins are: Collagen fibersCollagen fibers Elastic fibersElastic fibers Reticular fibersReticular fibers
CollagenCollagen
This is a heavily This is a heavily crossed linked crossed linked protein and as a protein and as a result is tough and result is tough and has a high tensile has a high tensile strength. Grossly strength. Grossly collagen appears collagen appears white. white.
CollagenCollagen
It is the main component of It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. whole-body protein content.
CollagenCollagen
It is the main component of It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content.whole-body protein content.
Collagen in tissues such as tendon, Collagen in tissues such as tendon, ligament and skin.ligament and skin.
Elastic FibersElastic Fibers
Elastic tissue as the name implies Elastic tissue as the name implies can stretch like a rubber band can stretch like a rubber band
Elastic FibersElastic Fibers
Elastic tissue as the name implies Elastic tissue as the name implies can stretch like a rubber band can stretch like a rubber band
It is found in the skin and lungs It is found in the skin and lungs
Elastic FibersElastic Fibers
Elastic tissue as the name implies Elastic tissue as the name implies can stretch like a rubber band can stretch like a rubber band
It is found in the skin and lungs It is found in the skin and lungs Elastin tends to deplete as people Elastin tends to deplete as people
age, resulting in wrinkled or age, resulting in wrinkled or stretched out skin stretched out skin
Old AgeOld Age
Reticular FibersReticular Fibers
Reticular fibers crosslink to form a Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork (reticulum)..fine meshwork (reticulum)..
Reticular FibersReticular Fibers
Reticular fibers crosslink to form a Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork (reticulum). fine meshwork (reticulum).
This network acts as a supporting This network acts as a supporting mesh in soft tissues such as liver and mesh in soft tissues such as liver and bone marrow and the tissues and bone marrow and the tissues and organs of the lymphatic system.organs of the lymphatic system.
Cell Component Cell Component
In the tissue framework are “resident In the tissue framework are “resident cells cells
Cell Component Cell Component
In the tissue framework are “resident In the tissue framework are “resident cellscells
These cells can become activated These cells can become activated and form the characteristic fibers of and form the characteristic fibers of their matrix. their matrix.
Cell ComponentCell Component
Common cells include the:Common cells include the:
Cell ComponentCell Component
Common cells include the:Common cells include the: Fibroblast- lays down the connective Fibroblast- lays down the connective
tissue matrixtissue matrix
Cell ComponentCell Component
Common cells include the:Common cells include the: Fibroblast- lays down the connective Fibroblast- lays down the connective
tissue matrixtissue matrix Chondroblast- found in cartilageChondroblast- found in cartilage
Cell ComponentCell Component
Common cells include the:Common cells include the: Fibroblast- lays down the connective Fibroblast- lays down the connective
tissue matrixtissue matrix Chondroblast- found in cartilageChondroblast- found in cartilage Osteoblasts- found in boneOsteoblasts- found in bone
Cell ComponentCell Component
Common cells include the:Common cells include the: Fibroblast- lays down the connective Fibroblast- lays down the connective
tissue matrixtissue matrix Chondroblast- found in cartilageChondroblast- found in cartilage Osteoblasts- found in boneOsteoblasts- found in bone Blood cellsBlood cells
Other CellsOther Cells
Other cell types found in the Other cell types found in the connective tissue are often connective tissue are often associated with the immune system associated with the immune system and healing these include: and healing these include:
Other CellsOther Cells
Other cell types found in the Other cell types found in the connective tissue are often associated connective tissue are often associated with the immune system and healing with the immune system and healing these include:these include:
Fat cellsFat cells White blood cells (neutrophils, White blood cells (neutrophils,
eosinophils and lymphocytes)eosinophils and lymphocytes) MacrophagesMacrophages Mast Cells Mast Cells
Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Types
Loose Connective Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)Tissue (Areolar) Widely distributed, Widely distributed,
surrounds the surrounds the capillariescapillaries
Cushions organs Cushions organs and is a reservoir and is a reservoir for tissue fluid.for tissue fluid.
Fibers are in know Fibers are in know pattern.pattern.
Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Types
Loose Connective Loose Connective Tissue (Adipose)Tissue (Adipose) Loose connective tissue Loose connective tissue
packed with adipocytespacked with adipocytes Provides a reserve fuel, Provides a reserve fuel,
insulates and protects insulates and protects (cushions) .(cushions) .
Located under the skin, Located under the skin, within the abdomen within the abdomen and breast.and breast.
Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Types
Loose Connective Loose Connective Tissue (Reticular)Tissue (Reticular) The reticular network The reticular network
supports other cell supports other cell types particularly those types particularly those of the immune system.of the immune system.
Found in the spleen, Found in the spleen, bone marrow and bone marrow and lymph glands .lymph glands .
Reticular fibers are a Reticular fibers are a type of collagen.type of collagen.
Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Types
Dense Connective Dense Connective Tissue (Dense Tissue (Dense Regular)Regular) Fibers are parallel with Fibers are parallel with
very few cells.very few cells. Major cell is the Major cell is the
fibroblast.fibroblast. Makes up the Makes up the
ligaments and tendons ligaments and tendons and is very strong in and is very strong in one direction.one direction.
Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Types
Dense Connective Dense Connective Tissue (Dense Tissue (Dense Irregular)Irregular) Fibers are irregularly Fibers are irregularly
arranged with very few arranged with very few cells.cells.
Found in the dermis of Found in the dermis of the skin and fibrous the skin and fibrous capsules around joints.capsules around joints.
Function is to withstand Function is to withstand forces from many forces from many directions.directions.
Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Types
Cartilage (Hyaline)Cartilage (Hyaline) A matrix with a fine A matrix with a fine
collagen net work..collagen net work.. Chondroblasts Chondroblasts
produce the matrix.produce the matrix. Has cushioning Has cushioning
properties & is found properties & is found in the trachea, ends in the trachea, ends o ribs and bones o ribs and bones and tip of nose.and tip of nose.
Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Types
Cartilage (Elastic)Cartilage (Elastic) A matrix with a fine A matrix with a fine
elastic fibers elastic fibers forming a network.forming a network.
Supports external Supports external ear and epiglottis.ear and epiglottis.
Has great flexibility.Has great flexibility.
Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Types
Cartilage (Fibrous)Cartilage (Fibrous) A matrix that is A matrix that is
similar but less firm similar but less firm than hyaline.than hyaline.
Can absorb Can absorb compressive shock.compressive shock.
Makes up the Makes up the meniscus of the meniscus of the knee and knee and intervertebral disks.intervertebral disks.
Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Types
Bone (Osseous Bone (Osseous Tissue)Tissue) Has hard calcified Has hard calcified
matrix containing matrix containing collagen.collagen.
Supports body, Supports body, provides a fulcrum provides a fulcrum for muscle action & for muscle action & site of blood cell site of blood cell formation.formation.
Connective Tissue Types Connective Tissue Types
BloodBlood Contains red and Contains red and
white blood cells in white blood cells in a fluid matrix, the a fluid matrix, the plasma..plasma..
Transports nutrients Transports nutrients and waste products.and waste products.
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