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Conflicts in the Colonies. Conflict in the Colonies. Native Americans -land -religion English Power -Mercantilism: England used colonies to provide products they could not produce -Development of naval power -Desired a favorable balance of trade (when exports exceed imports. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Conflicts in the Colonies
Conflict in the Colonies1. Native Americans
-land-religion
2. English Power-Mercantilism: England used colonies to provide
products they could not produce-Development of naval power-Desired a favorable balance of trade (when
exports exceed imports
Conflict Continued3. Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663
-Passed to protect English mercantilism-Colonists were forced to use English ships and
trade directly with England
4. Parliament forces James II out of power-Demonstrates that Parliament has final say
5. Monarchy changes colonies-Enforce and tighten navigation acts-Parliament kept the right to veto any colonial
laws
Uniting for Peace
– Albany Congress (1754)• Ben Franklin• Colonial leaders and Iroquois leaders• Aid against the French• Both reject the idea– no treaty
Added Tension
• Relations with Native Americans worsen• Royal Proclamation of 1763: colonists could not cross the
Appalachian Mountains• England acquired a large debt from the war
Problems after the War
-Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts
-conflicts were becoming costly for Britain
-Proclamation of 1763
stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns
-Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians
Tensions Build
-British heavily in debt because of war
-standing British Army in the colonies
-Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products
-smugglers avoid paying taxes
Tensions Build
-writs of assistance
-Sugar Act
affected merchants and traders
-protests began against taxation without representation
James Otis
Stamp Act
-Parliament passes Stamp Act
-placed a direct tax on the colonists
-required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards
-affected many colonists rich and poor
-Quartering Act, 1765
Townshend Acts
-new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint
-colonists again reacted with protests
-British reacted by sending more troops
Parliamentary Acts
• Sugar Act (1764)• Quartering Act (1765)• Stamp Act (1765)
– Stamp Act Congress– Repealed by Parliament (1766)
• Declaratory Act (1766)• Townshend Acts (1767)
Colonial Reactions
• “No taxation without representation.”• “Virtual Representation”-felt unrepresented in Parliament• Sons of Liberty organize boycotts• Committees of Correspondence
– Organized colonial resistance against the crown• Merchants create non-importation associations not buy
British goods
Boston Massacre-March 1770
-protests by colonists
-British troops fire on crowd
-5 colonists killed
Crispus Attucks
-Most soldiers found not guilty
John Adams served as attorney for the soldiers
http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/winter96/enlargement.html
The Revolutionary Cause
• Boston center of colonial protest and rebellion (strained heavily by acts)
• British Army sent to enforce laws• Boston Massacre (1770) Townshend
Acts repealed
Boston Tea Party (1773)
Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts -harsh acts imposed to punish Boston
-closed Boston Harbor
-military governor over Boston
First Continental Congress
– September 1774– Colonial representatives– Complete boycott of British goods, raise local militias, repeal all
Parliamentary laws
Divided Loyalty
• Loyalists/Tories-opposed independence; loyal to Britain
• Patriots/Whigs-supported the war with Britain; American colonists
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