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8/13/2019 Concepts of Accounting
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Using AccountingInformation
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Accounting Information System
Resources and procedures in a
business
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Accounting Information System
Resources and procedures in a
business that change economic
data
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Accounting Information System
Resources and procedures in a
business that change economic
data into financial information
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Users of Accounting Information
Owners
Lenders Labor Organizations
Customers
Society groups
Government Regulatory Agencies
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Entity Concept
Any organization unit for which we
gather and process
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Entity Concept
Any organization unit for which we
gather and process financial and
economic data
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Entity Concept
Any organization unit for which we
gather and process financial and
economic data for the purpose of
decision making
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Types of Ownership
Single proprietorship
Partnership
Corporation
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Financial Statements
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Statement of Cash Flows
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Balance Sheet
Summarizes assets, liabilities, and
owners equities as of a specific
moment in time
Assets - economic resources or items
of value a business owns
Liabilities - claims against the assets
by nonowners
Owners equity - claims against the
assets b owners
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Basic Accounting Equation
Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity
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Income Statement
Presents the results of operations
for a period of time
Revenues - inflow of assets from
performing services or selling goods
Expenses - use of assets or
incurrence of liabilities when earning
revenues
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Statement of Cash Flows
Presents the reasons why cash on
the balance sheet changed from
one date to another
Presents cash flows from
Operating activities Investing activities
Financing activities
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Published Annual Reports
Letter to stockholders
Managements discussion and
analysis
Financial statements and notes
The report of the independentaccountant
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Analyzing Information
Common-size statement
Express each item as a percent of the
total for that statement
Balance sheet - total assets
Income statement - total revenues
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Balance Sheet Analysis
Are total assets higher or lower?
What is percent change in total
assets?
Is the percent of total liabilities to
total liabilities plus owners equityincreasing or decreasing?
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Income Statement Analysis
Are revenues higher or lower?
What is the precentage change in
total revenues?
Is the percentage of total expenses
to total revenues increasing ordecreasing?
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Integrative Analysis
Is the business operating efficiently
by using the least amount of asset
investment to generate a given
level of total revenues?
Calculate Total Asset Turnover Total revenues
divided by
Average total assets
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