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Computer Networks & Topologies. Group Members. Shahid Ahmed Sp11-Bba-100 Shahzad Zeb Sp11-Bba-084 Nadia Naseer Abbasi Sp11-Bba-079 Ahsan Bashir Sp11-Bba-007 Nosherwan Zafar Sp11-Bba-080 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Computer Networks & Topologies
Group Members
Shahid Ahmed Sp11-Bba-100Shahzad Zeb Sp11-Bba-084Nadia Naseer Abbasi Sp11-Bba-079Ahsan Bashir Sp11-Bba-007Nosherwan Zafar Sp11-Bba-080Muhammad Fahad Sp11-Bba-082
Computer Network
A way of connecting computers together so that they can communicate, share information and other resources with each other is called computer network.A computer network is also called the information network.
Types of Computer NetworksLAN
WAN
MAN
LAN
LAN• LAN stands for Local Area Network• It is used to cover a small area• The network of computers in a computer lab of a
college and network of computers in an office building are examples of LAN
• In a LAN, the nodes are connected via cables• A LAN may use star topology, ring topology or bus
topology• A LAN covers small distance such as one office or
building
WAN
WAN• WAN stands for wide area network• It is used to cover a large or vide area• The computers connected to WAN can be in
different cities or countries• Nodes are connected through telephone lines
however they can be connected through microwave or satellite systems
• Typically a WAN consists of two or more LANs connected together
• The internet is world’s largest WAN
MAN
MAN• MAN stands for metropolitan area network• It covers area of a single city• Usually MAN connects more than one LANs in a city
or town• It covers smaller geographical area than WAN• Fibre optic cables are used as communication
media• So it is very high-speed network• Mobile phones (cellular) system often use MAN
Network Topology
There are many ways in which computers can be connected together in computer network.
The way in which computers or other devices are connected in network is called network topology.
Types of network TopologyBus topology
Star topology
Ring topology
Tree topology
Mesh topology
Bus topology
Bus topology• All nodes or devices are connected to a
common communication medium or central single cable that is backbone cable
• This cable is called Bus • It is very simple network and less expensive• But it supports only a small number of nodes• It does not need much cabling to connect
nodes as compared to other networks
Star topology
Star topology• Each node is directly connected to a central
connection point known as Hub• nodes are connected to the Hub with unshielded
twisted pair Ethernet• Star topology is most commonly used in LAN• Many home networks uses the Star topology• This network forms a shape like star • It is easy to install and to maintain• It requires more cabling than Bus topology
Ring topology
Ring topology
• In a ring topology, each node is connected to two adjacent nodes or neighbours
• It forms a closed ring or loop• In this way the last node connects to the first node
to complete the ring• All the messages travel through a ring in one
direction (clockwise or anti-clockwise)• Token passing method is used in this topology• It is less expensive than star topology
Tree topology
Tree topology• Nodes are connected to each other in such a way that
it forms a tree like structure • Multiple star topologies are used to form a tree
network• It has combined features of bus and star topology• One central hub and multiple secondary hubs are
used • The cable TV network is an example of tree network• Main cable is divided into branches and each branch
is further divided in to smallest branches and so on
Mesh topology
Mesh topology
• Each node is directly connected to every other node on the network
• This type of network involves concept of routes• Some WANs like internet uses Mesh topology• Each node can send message to its destination
through multiple paths• Its performance is not affected with heavy load of
data transmission• It is difficult to install and is much expensive
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