View
231
Download
5
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
COMPUTER FACTSCOMPUTER FACTS
A computer is an electronic device A computer is an electronic device which works within a binary digital which works within a binary digital system and has 4 functions:system and has 4 functions:– Accept input (Accept input (datadata – – isolated factsisolated facts))– Process input (Process input (datadata))– Produce output (Produce output (informationinformation – – processed dataprocessed data))– StorageStorage
Binary Digital SystemBinary Digital SystemA system that works with two A system that works with two
states. For the computer states. For the computer these two states are on/off or these two states are on/off or
the digits of 1 and 0.the digits of 1 and 0.
Tower CPU
RAM
BUS Hard Drive
Floppy CD
Drive Drive
Ports
printermouse
Monitor
keyboard
Peripheral
devices
Some Hardware DefinitionsSome Hardware Definitions
TowerTower – – box that holds CPU, RAM, etc.box that holds CPU, RAM, etc.
Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices – – input/output devices such input/output devices such as the printer, monitor, etc.as the printer, monitor, etc.
BusBus – – electronic device that connects all the electronic device that connects all the internal parts of the computerinternal parts of the computer
PortPort – – connectors for all peripheral devicesconnectors for all peripheral devices
MAIN
MENU
CPUCPUCentral Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit
Diagram of parts
FF
AA
CC
TT
SS
How does How does this work?this work?
MAIN
MENU
CONTROL UNITCONTROL UNITFetches and Interprets Fetches and Interprets
InstructionsInstructionsFromFromRAMRAM
MAIN
MENU
ALUALU(arithmetic/logic unit)(arithmetic/logic unit)
Executes instructionsExecutes instructions
MAIN
MENU
RegisterRegister
Fast accessing storage Fast accessing storage
Inside the CPUInside the CPU
MAIN
MENU
CPU FACTSCPU FACTS
Megahertz – unit of Megahertz – unit of speed for the speed for the
CPUCPU CPU works with the CPU works with the
machine cyclemachine cycle
How are numbers, How are numbers, letters, graphics etc. letters, graphics etc. represented in binary represented in binary digits contained in digits contained in registers?registers?
MAIN
MENU
What part of the CPU fetches, What part of the CPU fetches, interprets, and executes?interprets, and executes?
Fetch
Interpret
Execute
CPU
Control
Unit
ALU
RAMRAMRandom Access MemoryRandom Access Memory
FF
AA
CC
TT
SS
How does this work?
Physically a Physically a series of series of chips.chips.
Storage Units
MAIN
MENU
RAM FACTSRAM FACTS
Holds data and instructions Holds data and instructions waiting for processing by the CPUwaiting for processing by the CPU
Temporary storageTemporary storage Contents are deleted when power Contents are deleted when power
source removed.source removed.
What is What is CACHE?CACHE?
MAIN
MENU
Click to view facts.
CACHECACHE
Cache is fast accessing intermediate Cache is fast accessing intermediate memory that holds the most needed memory that holds the most needed data and instructions.data and instructions.
It is smaller than RAM.It is smaller than RAM. Because it is smaller than RAM a Because it is smaller than RAM a
search of cache is faster memory search of cache is faster memory access.access.
Therefore it is always searched first Therefore it is always searched first when available.when available.
BIT= smallest unit of storage
binary digit; 1 or a 0
BYTE
= 8 bits
KILOBYTE
MEGABYTE
GIGABYTE
TERABYTE
BYTE
= 1,000 bytes
= 1,000,000 bytes
= 1,000,000,000
bytes
= 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
MAIN
MENU
All secondary storage All secondary storage has 2 parts:has 2 parts:
A disk – a platter which stores the A disk – a platter which stores the data/inforamtiondata/inforamtion
A drive – mechanism which reads the diskA drive – mechanism which reads the disk
NOTE: a read/write head is part of the drive NOTE: a read/write head is part of the drive which sits over the disk and read the datawhich sits over the disk and read the data
All Disks have two parts:
This makes an
Addressable
Space.
Therefore,
Disks are
Randomly
Accessible.
Hard DrivesHard Drives
Composed of several Composed of several disks.disks.
Large, permanent Large, permanent storage.storage.
Not portable storage.Not portable storage.
Disks are magnetic.Disks are magnetic.
Floppy DrivesFloppy Drives
Composed of one Composed of one disk.disk.
Large, permanent Large, permanent storage.storage.
Portable storage.Portable storage.
Disks are Disks are magnetic.magnetic.
CD DrivesCD Drives
Composed of one disk.Composed of one disk.
Very large, permanent Very large, permanent storage.storage.
Portable storage.Portable storage.
Disks work with light Disks work with light waves.waves.
Graphic ResourcesGraphic Resources
www.bedford.lib.nh.us/ Basics.htm www.bedford.lib.nh.us/ Basics.htm members.iweb.net.au/~pstorr/ members.iweb.net.au/~pstorr/
pcbook/book2/memchips.htmpcbook/book2/memchips.htm www.aiyamicro.com/htm-1/www.aiyamicro.com/htm-1/
computer-parts/ computer-parts-n... computer-parts/ computer-parts-n... webhome.idirect.com/~jadams/ webhome.idirect.com/~jadams/
electronics/identify2.htm electronics/identify2.htm www.csd.uwo.ca/bitbybit/ www.csd.uwo.ca/bitbybit/
Recommended