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Modeling of Composite Tubes
Using ANSYS
JEFF KAPKE
ME 450 Introduction to CAE
May 3, 2000
Submitted to: Professor H.U. Akay
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Uses for Composite Materials
Aircraft
Prosthetic Limbs
Auto body
Auto Frame
Bridge Reinforcement
Shafts and Rods
Body Armour
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Advantages of Composites
Density of aluminum alloy approximately 2800
kg/m3
Density of carbon/epoxy approximately 1580kg/m3
Tensile strength of aluminum alloy 7075-T6 is
570 MPa Tensile strength of carbon/epoxy 1830 MPa
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Isotropic vs. Orthotropic
E
E
EE
E
E
E = E =E=E =E =E
E1
E2
Ey
Ex
Ex EyE1 E2
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Fabrication
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Layers of a Composite Tube
Each color represents a different fiber orientationand change in material properties relative to the
Global Axis.
X
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Modeled Tube in ANSYS
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Element Coordinate SystemShell 91 From ANSYS Element Library
Theta
Y
Z
XI
L K
J
Ex
Ex
Element Type is SHELL91
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ANSYS Coordinate System for
Shell Element
x
zy
z
x
y
zx
y
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ANSYS Element Coordinate
System
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ANSYS Model SetupConstrained with Point Load
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ANSYS Model SetupConstrained with Uniform Load
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Real Test on Composite Tube
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Filament Wound Tube
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Deformed and Un-deformedPoint Load with 90oFiber Orientation
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Von Mises PlotPoint Load 0o Orientation
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Von Mises Plot
Point Load/90oOrientation
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Von Mises Graph of 90o/Hoop
Orientation
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Von Mises Graph of 0o/Longitudinal
Orientation
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Von Mises Plots of Uniform Loading with
Different Orientations
0oOrientation 90oOrientation
[0o
,90o
,
45o
]s
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Displacement of Point Loaded 90o/Hoop Orientation(Maximum Displacement 4.934mm)
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Displacement Related to
Orientation
Uniformly loaded hoop hasgreatest displacement.
Combination of layers
decreases displacement.
Displacement related tostiffness.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Lo
ng
Pnt
Ho
op
Pnt
Long
Hoop
[0,9
0,4
5]s
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Results of Changing Orientation
Hoop or 90oorientation is strong under
transverse loading.
Longitudinal or 0oorientation is stiffer inbending.
Combination of orientations increases
stiffness and strength.
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Difficulties with ANSYS
Creating model is not straight forward andsimple.
Meshtool does not recognize that all element
axis should coincide within each layer.
ANSYS is too powerful for simple problems.
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Advantages of ANSYS
Changing material properties or layer
orientation is simple.
Many different orientations can be analyzed ina short amount of time.
ANSYS can predict results before fabricating
composite sample. Complex geometries can be modeled and
evaluated easily.
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New Ideas
Analyze tube in torsion.
Apply moment instead of load.
Test as a pressure vessel.
Model unique geometries and
compare results. Model a beam or flat plate and
compare with actual results.
Recommended