Components in Product Lines - The Next Steps Rob van Ommering Philips Research EuroMicro 2005,...

Components in Product Lines -The Next Steps

Rob van OmmeringPhilips ResearchEuroMicro 2005, Porto, Portugal,September 1st, 2005

Introducing my domain…

2000 1990

2 MB 64 kB

(1) Complexity

Code Size Evolution of High End TV Software

30004096

100000

1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2009

Year of Market Introduction

100 Hz

quality

AC3AC3

DataProcessing

UserInterface

EPGEPGmenusmenus

animationanimation

Connectivity

P50P50

StorageDevice

TiVoTiVo

DVDDVD

TVCRTVCR

BroadcastingStandard

DTVDTV

RegionEuEuUSUS

Video Output Device

PTVPTV

FTVFTVLCTVLCTV

UTVUTV

MTVMTV

(2) Diversity

(3) Lead Time

Was:• Yearly cycle of product introduction

– Christmas– World championship

Is:• Decreasing to 6 (or even 3) months

– Otherwise loose shelf space in shop

Summary…

Software GrowsExponentially(Moore’s Law)

Market demands...Market demands... Shorter lead time…More product variation...Shorter lead time…More product variation...

Need more people...Need more time...Need more people...Need more time...

Contents of my talk

• Introduction• Product families, populations, lines• Koala 101• Configuration and reflection• Calculating system properties• Evolution and branching• Current and future challenges

Philips TV product familycineo flat projection

wide screen designer

Related product families

VCRVCR

AudioAudio

STBSTB

DVDDVD

Convergence

VCRVCR

DVDDVD

AudioAudio

STBSTB

TVCRTVCR

TV-DVDTV-DVD

TivoTivo

Home TheaterHome Theater

Digital TVDigital TV

Convergence yesterday :-)

GPS + GSM

GSM + DigCamPDA + GPS

CD-RW, DVD, Card, TV PDA + GSM + DigCam

A product population is:

- a set of products with many commonalities, - but also with many differences, - developed by different sub-organizations, - each with its own time-line / lifecycle.

SingleProductSingle

ProductProductFamily

ProductFamily

ProductPopulation

UnrelatedProductsUnrelatedProducts

DecompositionDedicated components

CompositionCOTS

A product line is:

Contents

• Introduction• Product families and populations• Koala 101• Configuration and reflection• Calculating system properties• Evolution and branching• Current and future challenges

Module

A Koala module is:

- a non-reusable unit of code - with variation points

Mindset: a Koala module can (at least in in principle):

- be written in any language (C, Koala, HTML, makefile, …) - have any form (source, object, library, …)

Variation Points

Koala has a two-level parameterization mechanism:

Level I

Level II

Name : rType : ISomething

interface ISomething{ int p; int q = 7; int f(x); int g(x) = 1 + f(x);}

This is Koala’s Interface Definition Language (IDL)

Modules also provide stuff…

Same two-level mechanism:

Name : pType : ISomething

Level I

Level IIinterface ISomething{ int p; // defined in module int q = 7; int f(x); // defined in module int g(x) = 1 + f(x);}

Building Systems

We can now build systems:

m provides

m requires

…in both dimensions…

m’’

Component

A Koala component is:

- a reusable … - … unit of encapsulation … - … still with variation points - providing stuff

m’m’’

Note how:

- modules are internal - some interfaces are internal - some interfaces are external

Component Definition

Ccomponent C{ provides IXxx p;

requires IYyy r;

contains module m;

connects p = m; m = r;}

A component is described in a Component Definition Language (CDL):

Compound Component

Components can instantiate other components:

Contents

Setting Diversity

C1C142C1C17 C1C1x

P1 P2 P3

Creating different products…

…by setting diversity parameters differently

Selecting Components

Creating different products…

…by selecting different subcomponents

C2C2 C3C3

Parameterization

C2C2 C3C3

Partial evaluation is usedto create resource efficientconfigurations.

Spreadsheet ofdiversity calculations

Reflection

A component can observe whether interfaces are actually connected.

This allows components to adapt themselves to their environment automatically.

Reflection

A component can observe whether interfaces are actually connected.

Special notation for this common design pattern

Contents

Configuration Management

Distinguish between:• versions• temporary variants• permanent variantsof components.

We use our CM system for:• versions• temporary variants

But we use the component model for:• permanent variants

Internal diversityInternal diversity

Structural diversityStructural diversity

Roadmapping

‘ ’

ArchitectureProject

SubsystemEvolutionProjects

ProductRealization

Projects

Show over time in a single picture:

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

Branch

Raw Size

code size == LoC created

LoC modifiedon main line

LoC modifiedin branches

First Impression

• Effort in branches is 10-20%.• Effort in rewrites is 50%!• A subsystem is either stable or non-stable.• Subsystems are stable (only) when no developers have

been assigned.• Non-stable subsystems are completely rewritten in 3-4

years.

To do:• Zoom in• Look at other software (in Philips, or Open Source)

Refined Measurement

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

Cloned

Deleted

Deleted Files

deleted

created

modified

clones

Comparing Various Subsystems

Cloned

Deleted

Deleted Files

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

Cloned

Deleted

Deleted Files

100000

150000

200000

250000

Cloned

Deleted

Deleted Files

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

Cloned

Deleted

Deleted Files

Some Open-Source Packages

Apache Linux

Mono Subversion

Zooming in…

New Impression

• Many people confirm rewrite every 3-4 year.• More difficult to measure in growing systems.• Open Source also shows rewrites on main line. • Stable subsystems are dead code!

Spin-off:• Evolution browser helps to understand architecture

Contents

Conway’s Law -1

The structure of the organization should mirror the architecture of the software.

Bangalore

Singapore

EindhovenBrugge

Knoxville

Sunnyvale

BriarcliffHamburg

Southampton

Software development shifts east…

Another Shift: CE PS 3rd party

101214161820

2003 2004 2005 2006

In-house

Supplier

MBytes

ApplicationsApplications

A/V platformA/V platform

ApplicationsApplications

A/V platformA/V platform

MiddlewareMiddleware

It is no longer efficient to write all the software yourself…

Can I check more things statically?

Multi-threading checking is a success, but transfer to our product division is cumbersome:

• Gain expected but cost is high• Can I derive models from source code?

‘Our’ Robocop component model, in some sense a successor of Koala, defines a component as a set of models

Can I do more things dynamically?

No problem w.r.t. binding technology:• Koala is prepared for that (need another back-end)• Were already expecting to go this way in 2000!

But you also give up certain things:• Performance• Memory use• Source code browsing• Source code analysis• …

How can we combine the good things?

ThankYou!

Limited availability…

Components in Product Lines - The Next Steps Rob van Ommering Philips Research EuroMicro 2005,...

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