Comparison of VM Deployment Methods for HPC Education

COMPARISON OF VM DEPLOYMENT METHODS FOR HPC EDUCATIONNicholas RobisonUniversity of Washingtonnrobison@u.washington.edu

Thomas Hacker, PhDPurdue Universitytjhacker@purdue.edu

Overview• Motivation for Work• Introduction to OpenNebula• Overview of Cluster• Description of Testing Methodologies• Discussion of Results• Final Conclusions

Motivation for Work• New IT curriculum is beginning to add both HPC and

virtualization experience• Education labs need to be able to rapidly deploy multiple,

distinct virtualized environments• Need to support multiple users who may have limited to

no experience in configuring cluster environments• Labs are often short on cash and computing resources

and need to be able to repurpose equipment for multiple use scenarios

Why OpenNebula?• Open Source alternative to VMware, which many labs

may be unable to afford• Actively supported by the community and various

corporations• Supports management of VMware, KVM, Xen, and

VirtualBox Hypervisors• Easy administration by command line and web application• Low impact installation and infrastructure

Introduction• For OpenNebula two distinct storage options exist, each

with benefits and challenges• SSH

• Deploy VM image to multiple nodes using local storage• No centralized disk usage• Reduced network traffic• No ability to live migrate VM between nodes

• NFS• Copy VM image once/node to NFS share• Centralized disk usage, multiple copies of same image• Ability to live migrate VM between nodes• Potential for increased network traffic

Introduction cont.• OrangeFS*

• Not an officially supported configuration• Functions identical to NFS configuration using parallel file system

as share• Faster performance than single disk• Ability to live migrate• Potentially separate I/O network

• File system I/O requests physically separated from cluster network

RESEARCH QUESTIONWhich storage method provides the optimum balance of performance and reliability for an HPC education laboratory?

Hardware Overview• 16 Dell Optiplex Computers• 2.16GHz Core2Duo Processors• 2GB RAM• 160GB 7200 RPM Hard Drive*• 1Gb NIC

Note: OrangeFS was configured on a separate cluster of similar machines but with 10 storage nodes and networked with a Force-10 S50 Switch using a RHEL6 OS.

* Head node contained an additional 160GB 7200 RPM hard drive for VM storage

Cluster Network

Software Overview

Test Bed Setup• Four Primary Metrics

• VM Deployment Times• OSU Microbenchmarks multi_latency

• Aggregate latency between all active compute nodes• OSU Microbenchmarks multi_bandwidth

• Aggregate uni-directional bandwidth between all active compute nodes• Iozone

• 8K Record Size• 1.5G File Size• Read/Write/Random Read/Random Write

• Test VM configuration• 1 CPU• 768 MB RAM• 8 GB VM Size

Testing Methodology• Testing Methodology (Identical for SSH and NFS

configuations)• Node VMs deployed in batches of 2

• Time from PENDING to RUNNING computed from OpenNebula logs• Bash script executing OSU and IOzone test 3 times

• Multi_latency• μsec

• Multi_banwidth• MB/sec

• Iozone metrics• I/O Operations Per Second (IOPS)

Deployment Results

Bandwidth Results

SSH Bandwidth NFS Bandwidth

Latency Results

SSH Latency NFS Latency

Disk IO Results (64KB)

SSH 64KB NFS 64KB

Disk IO Results (32MB)

SSH 32MB NFS 32MB

Conclusions• SSH provided superior deployment characteristics

• Uniform disk reads• Minimal differences in network characteristics observed

between NFS and SSH• Test cluster too small to fully saturate network• At 10 concurrent VMs NFS began to limit bandwidth

• Performance needs to be balanced with reliability• For non-disk heavy VMs NFS may be preferred choice due to live

migration• NFS storage becomes single point of failure

• The optimum storage configuration depends on your specific needs and requirements

OrangeFS Observations• Direct performance characteristics are not possible

between different clusters• 43.2 MB/sec deployment throughput

• 2x Faster than SSH• 4x Faster than NFS

• Allows for completely separate I/O and communication networks

• Retains the ability to live migrate VMs• Added system administration

THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIMEAny Questions?