COMPARISON DEGREE [Autosaved]

DEGREES OF COMPARISON and ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

DEGREES OF COMPARISON and ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Competency Standard

Competency Standard

Understanding the meaning of the short functional text and simple forms essay of Narrative, Descriptive and News item in the context of daily life and to access knowledge.

Basic CompetencyBasic Competency

Responding the meaning and rhetoric step in simple essay written text accurately, smoothly, and acceptably in the context of daily life and to access knowledge in the form of Descriptive text

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

After studied about descriptive text, students are expected to :

Be able to writing a short descriptive text.

Are you ready??

?

Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia. It is centrally located within the country on the northwest coast of Java Island at the mouth of

the Ciliwung River. Jakarta dominated Indonesian’s administrative, economy, cultural activities, and is a major

commercial and transportation hub within Asia. With a population of about nine million. Jakarta has more people than any other cities in Indonesia. The climate is hot and humid year-round. Rainfall occurs throughout the year although it is the heaviest from November to May. The average annual precipitation. In

Jakarta is 1,790 mm. the city lies on a flat, low plain and is prone to flooding during periods of heavy rainfall.

Kota is the city’s oldest commercial area. It is located south of the old Sunda kelapa harbour. Glodok, the south of kota is a banking,

retail and residential neighborhood with a large Chinese population. Merdeka Square with Monas(The National Monument)

dominates the city’s central district. Surrounding the square are Istana Merdeka, the presidential palace, the National Museum,

and the Istiqlal Mosque.

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Using the same (as), similar (to), and different (from)

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

The same (as) Similar (to) Different (from)

A B C DE F

A and B are the sameA is the same as B

C and D are similarC is similar to D

E and F are differentE is different from F

the same-the same as, they have the

same meaning, but the same as is used

between the two nouns being

compared, and the same, is used after

the two nouns.

Similar-similar to, they have the same meaning, but similar to is used between

the two nouns being compared, and

similar, is used after the two nouns.

Different-different from, they have the same meaning, but

different from is used between the two nouns being compared, and

different is used after the two nouns.

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Try this !

1. A is the same as D2. D and E 3. A D4. B C5. D and F

A B C D E F

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Using like and alike

You have a ballpoint pen with blue inkI have a ballpoint pen with blue ink

(a)Your pen is like my pen(b)Your pen and my pen are alike(c)Our pens are alike

Like = similar toAlike = similar

Like and alike have the same meaning, but the sentence patterns are different:

This + be + like + thatThis and that + be + alike

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Using –er and more

Mary is 25 years oldJohn is 20 years old

(a)Mary is older than John(b)Health is more important than money

(c) INCORRECT: Mary is more old than John(d) INCORRECT: Health is importanter thean money

When we use adjectives (e.g., old important) to compare two people or two things, the adjectives have special forms:

In (a): we add –er to an adjective, orIn (b): we use more in front of an adjective

The use of –er or more is called COMPARATIVE FORM.

I

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

ADJECTIVE WITH ONE

SYLLABLLE

ADJECTIVE

OldCheap

big

COMPARATIVE

OlderCheaperbigger

ADJECTIVE THAT END IN -Y

Prettyfunny

Prettierfunnier

ADJECTIVE WITH TWO OR

MORE SYLLABLES

FamousImportantinteresting

More famousMore importantMore interesting

IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE

FORMS

GoodBadfar

BetterWorse

Farther/ further

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Try this !

Find out the comparative form for the following ADJECTIVES.

1. Old2. Small3. Big4. Important5. Easy6. Difficult7. Long

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Using as . . . as

John is 21 years oldMary is 21 years old(a) John is as old as Mary

(b) This watch is as expensive as that watch

Notice the pattern: as + adj + as

In (a): their ages are same

In (b): the price of the watches is the same

Fred is 20 years oldJean is 21 years old(c) Fred isn’t as old as Jean(d) Fred is younger than Jean

(c) And (d) have the same meaning

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Using less

(a) This book isn’t as expensive as that book

(b) This book is less expensive than that book

(a ) And (b) have the same meanings. Less is the opposite of more. Less is used with adjective that have two or more syllables (except most adjective that end in -y). Less is usually not used with one syllable adjectives or adjectives that end in –y.

INCORRECT : Fred is less old than JeanCORRECT : Fred isn’t as old as Jean

Fred is younger than Jean

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES INTRODUCTION

CLAUSE

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES INTRODUCTION

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES INTRODUCTION

Independent clause

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES INTRODUCTION

An independent clause is a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentence(it also called a

main clause)

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES INTRODUCTION

dependent clause

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES INTRODUCTION

A dependent clause is a not complete sentence. It must be connected to an

independent clause.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES INTRODUCTION

ADJECTIVE clause

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES INTRODUCTION

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes,

identified, or given further information about a noun. (adjective clause is also

called a relative clause)

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Using subject pronouns: who, which, that

I thank the woman. She help me.

(a)I thank the woman who help me(b)I thank the woman that help me

The book is mine. It is on the table.

(a)The book which is on the table is mine(b)The book that is on the table is mine

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Try this

Combine the two sentences. Use the second sentences as an adjective clause.

1.I saw the man. He closed the door.2.The girl is happy. She won the race.3.The student is from China. He sits next to me.4.We are studying sentences. They contain adjective clauses.5.The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Using object pronouns: who(m), which, that

The man was Mr. Jones.I saw him.

.(a)The man who(m) I saw was Mr. Jones(b)The man that I saw was Mr. Jones

The movie wasn’t very good.I saw it last night.

(a) The movie which we saw last night wasn’t very good(b) The movie that we saw last night wasn’t very good

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Using whose

whose is used to show possession. It carries the same meaning as other possessive pronouns use as adjectives: his, her its, and their, whose connected to a noun:His bicycle > whose bicycleHer composition > whose composition.Both whose and the noun it is connected to are placed at the beginning of the adjective clause. Whose cannot be omitted.

Whose usually modifies ‘people’, but it may also be used to modify ‘things’.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Try this

Combine the two sentences, use the second sentences as an adjective clause.

1.The man called the police. His wallet was stolen.2.The professor is excellent. I’m taking her course.3.The people were very nice. We visited their house.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Using where

Where is used in an adjective clause to modify a place. (city, country, room, house, etc)If where is used, a preposition is not included in the adjective clause. If where is not used, the preposition must be included.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Try this

Combine the two sentences, use the second sentences as an adjective clause.

1.The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there. (in that city)2.That is the restaurant. I will meet you there. (at the restaurant)3.The town is small. I grew up there. (in that town)4.That is the drawer. I keep my jewelry there

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Using when

When is used in an adjective clause to modify a noun of time (year, day, time, century, etc)The use of a preposition in an adjective clause that modifies a noun of time is somewhat different from that in other adjective clauses : p preposition is used preceding which.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Using when

When is used in an adjective clause to modify a noun of time (year, day, time, century, etc)The use of a preposition in an adjective clause that modifies a noun of time is somewhat different from that in other adjective clauses : p preposition is used preceding which.

Let’s remember

Linking Verbs

A linking verbs connect a noun or pronoun with words that identify or describe the noun or pronoun.Many linking verbs are forms of the verb be.

e.g: - I am a student- His paws are strong- Volvo is a Pomeranian dog- The house was on the hill- The books were on the table

Preposition

A preposition is a part of speech that shows a relationship between two things.

•Location (on, under, in)•Timing (before, after, during)•Direction (from, toward, to)

The mouse is on the table.

Two things: mouse + tableRelationship: one is on the other

On is a preposition!

possessive adjectivepossessive adjective

Possessive adjectives are used as adjectives and modify a noun or noun phrase. They are words used to indicate ownership or possession.

Possessive Adjectives

myyourhisheritsourtheir

DESCRIPTIVE TEXTDESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Purpose:

to describe a particular place, people and things

Text Organization:

1. Identification (mention the special participant) 2. Description (mention the part, quality, and characteristics of the subject being described)

Purpose:

to describe a particular place, people and things

Text Organization:

1. Identification (mention the special participant) 2. Description (mention the part, quality, and characteristics of the subject being described)

Your independent project!Your independent project!

Paragraph 1:Begin your descriptive text with the identification. Create a clear identification.-The name of the place/city/building/hotel/etc.-The location.-Use simple present tense, and adjectives to describe the place.

Paragraph 2,3,4, ….Continue your writing by mentioning:-The parts of the place- the quality of the place- make a comparison with another city/hotel/building/place- the characteristics of the place which make people interested to go there.- add some additional information if you want.