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Scholars' Mine Scholars' Mine
Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations
1926
Comparative value of various grog materials for the manufacture Comparative value of various grog materials for the manufacture
of zinc retorts of zinc retorts
Wei-Tung T. Hu
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses
Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons
Department: Department:
Recommended Citation Recommended Citation Hu, Wei-Tung T., "Comparative value of various grog materials for the manufacture of zinc retorts" (1926). Masters Theses. 4711. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/4711
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A
!RIBIS.
auiml'teG to th$ 1&·ou1'1 of the
SOHooL 0"' IUDS AltO lfftllLLtlRGY OF TBEUI'IVE.SI!Y 0' lfISBOtBI
:DEiBEl: or
lllSlJlf. 01' fHUElfOIC"
.l. t! oPt ateD.dent ot th. Ad.•alss1ppl,all_, -.••~, Itaiton of the 1.1. 8.
. Iv..u ot lfJ.:no••
"axl~r1.nt !.. \he 1.t.r:lJnt'.~ of "'f~t."'N'.
~;pjJn!'1,.ent.••••1' a••• :".. !t 113 oUor .,_"...
••rf' .....10 tQ.ti••• 4.fO.'d••$ ltJelt -'.O•.;QllU.
l' .x-,~.,.rel'~ll'"_lob .s,perlit~tJ.' :.NIt,! ~.~h
~\. ,$f~.\ •••w. t ...rl_""171~ 'b.e- .1 r ...
....~ft"Im'li ......Y•••\1.... "",1'8.1 nlal,
tt)'" •.I~""'" 61_ Mn t .......i.la n1""1. rnl.tIi,.
I
•
..........•.••.....••.•.•. ,...•...•..•.•.......... _... 37
8-11 lI' •• 40
11 11 ,., •••• _ -.................................. 42
.tc•• I.
.. II •
und Ull\$~ .. If ~ ., tI '" it ., ., 'II< lit " • *' • ., • ., " at _. .. 16
:~;~olecu.1~\:t..l" Il';r.Llv.a.lttnts Qt t:.·I'""s,on £1",.i. otlJ.lIOe
~,U:n1t7 III a •••••••••••••••• l'
~...ble II I ..
Molteult.,r Equl"fale!!t I; of Jod,J"lilxtu:r.. en: Jar.1 f
ot U..o~ ... \J1)l't~ .... 11 ,,<1' ......... 'Il"'. it ••••• ,. .......... ., .",. .. &1
II
I.-
.... 111 ...
fae eraocefu,: of the retorting' operation 1n the EiD91 tlq of
J,1.:C~ ores d.•panda itt. a g:re~.t t ;~asu.re ullon t;:.le durability Q:t:" tnere
torts" ~he lit. of tbe retorts is i-.portant riot only becausf\t of
th8ir tlrst co sf;, 'b~t &1 $0 beC'::~il:S. of ~~ l1Ul;co);'t~cnt ,.ine loss J due '0
a""lor:p't1on of. sIno 0:1 new retorta" ~r,Jld 'because of' tn6 twenty-four
!IOUr!! of. lest ce.p:.,Q! ty O$tore a new l'~t~rt i~; c.llf:l.:rged.. For th1e rea
$On. the nece8si ty of a careful Mlect10n of the ra.w me.ieriala tor ~be
rr£1n.ltact't.1re of s1n~ l'stort.ia apparent.
The lIIT1,.1••1pp;1 Vall.. ,BXptu'b\e:nt Statlf..m of the linit_
C,t!\tes ]Jt.tteau 0'1 l~illee. De,partm.:rt ot C.-roe, cooperating wi'h t.h.e
Sohool of lIip~! IJ.JI¥iMetE,llu:rSj" of th. mdverGlt~i of Missouri, haa
be0D. oo:l14.u.o'l_ .. aerie·" of .t"e:tnotor;{ 1nYGH~ti.g.n'loXls in tlJ.e metallUl1l'1
of .1no d:ar1q the past e1sb:'een aon'luh \iilila \W} obJ.Ci; 01 this
ro~n.o*orl.fJ 1uve.tig;:::.tlon 1$ to dev!,!cJ.0p 6 body tor .112.' fttoJt'. or
••a... in ,...tl'Utcl of t.b.elr Eu'u.factlU'e t.hat will n8uJ,t 1- "''tier
re'Ol"t. \AM ~ 0._ mow in .le t t__xperi.-n'tal pro....uN ...nal.,.01 a aerl•••f q8,..tic studt•• of "he "nu"i.u. pl"tlMtrtle. of t:M
raw ma, terlals-bond ola¥$, P'" t ani ltotr .1.t~B. 'M fl"' plII.M
., ihis In•••'{gatlon. tbe ...:iut1e of UlI .plV.ica.1 •• ~t&1
,Properii•• of thel'elraotcu."i&s D..OW UlEed tor ';1'1. Mt~nl\fao, ..1ft .f .i••
retort_, "Ill... a_pl.'$!. ~alsth••ll .,_.:Ph_Xlts ... experi..., •
.and nflU!,. of a pa' of the .oam~.. of tnt 111.•••'lp'"u, WhloA
11M. to'r it. ebJ_" the,'udl of the CQIlj.iara'1". _lu. of ero,pte,..
"ala tor tb.e "",,'llN of .inc ...tort8. on., to 'hi la...1.'.....
"'" 1 ..,
of datfi, tOQ rJJaliY GQncl,;.u~1ollr: aannot be drawn. Th$ work lle$cribed
.1,);1 this t·.~les1st ]'i')''''Il~H'el''t·.71l1 g,lvo2·oIDe idee rel(;Lti\re to the method
of ta:tt~u:d( U8$1,'L, J.;,'f~ the concU.. tel cm.~; ullcler which Hll the d.ifferent
;;:.hases I)f the :refraoto:r ieE. ~}1"\"[e$t1t;;:·t i r.h) 0:':'0 ~();~dt'toted r:t the
}'~:ii:~sis£lP1i1 valley F.J\'}?eriment ~- tatiOlt of t'ne i.tn1 te"i Bt~tu$ .Bureau of'
The au.t.i1o:t* i s grr~n:tly 1.r.l£!,abted to :;~r. H. ;<:1. LtlW1"'''''', .t,.~lng
~>a'pe::rinteDd$1'lt of the :Jisai•• :tpp:l \,:&.118:1 "Elxp9,rlunt ~1t&tlon of 1M
'Jn1ted.~;;tat$. a~~.f'anu o:f.' 7lil1flUl" lUlde:r wbose s"t,p~n·v1$ion thia work ._
..nled on; to G.. (. .. Bille to~ h.is 1n'8"'" a:a.d advioe, aDd 'to 'he
1'ari ')U:) ,line ~3maltf:tr$ a:neJ" ;roduilers ..*:r.l.('I bay. l1).t~;r••'.d 'thPl••l"'.s
1n 't13e work t1.i.1d who have tu.nU. 8hed.onae at ,be _t«rrials ustd. !ha
.aalbol" 1$ 1nd..~1;ed fiG E. 8. W'.a.eele:r, !:sa1atU,t;lt Mertallur£ist 01 the
l')tate 14iniIllExpen...t '::';~11u.u of tJw SOAool ot 1:\11•• awl .etallurg
iJt t.~.t.t.a.:t.e:r.lty of }fisswrl a:.u4 tvA. H.K"J.eOhler, Jalor »etallur
gilt. at ill. Ulllt.d sta'es :au:r.;au of Jli:aes, for t4elr ."ptJr..tlont
1;,0 Will:ba.~ X'&blbat~'faand o. W.. lIc.l l.,; OQoperatlYe~.tlJOf the
~;~'a.ta l~inin.mx:p.::rl_ntStation of the ~hool of :~~i..' aDl ...1....
lJ.rg)~ of the Univeraity qf MirUH711ri t(;)'1" the MNf:J.l .... CotI.Pl.'. oua
1081 E.IU!~.lr!'(n' 'that 'We·!"e l".qulre4_
117. 1~rtl:;:0at 1:.rra.;;:>'tlo6, :;:;~Luo I'€ft'Jrtf'~u;'e: tru:,de ot a. :.:.llxt':;;.re of
g'rog mat01·1:~.J, alJc.; rlJio'W elL.;;, tile lIlt tel' a.otil«~ a;~ ~!~ bond. Genot'Etll1,
tl:'$ [~rog is oO!Uj?osed o:~' $,.iOh ra,fr&.otor:l p..'e.terials as burned olay •
erus:h~ q.w.artz, q,uartsi.'tB" or fU::',Uo.. It 1s used 1~.iri.i&81~~ to red'J.ne the
pla..ati 01 to' ot tJle body t;:'~ld topra'\fE;nt too much sh.:r.1:n'k:aSe. AS & ~
sult of 'these tnllctioll$ it dnC;B.·e:,·1cei; t,JO t~nl(}Q;;H)~i to formJl"ac~s and
fiseu.res and" if' prl7perly;;:C:J.portlf)!l$rl, en'101.63 ti~e body r;~1%tuJ'. aa
a ,wnol£: to stan:lmore st1.~ah:t. }ltl1:..swi;j ·see. in. improving tJ.e quali
tie. of linc retorts, thl~t tn. grob ~~~tetlal$ ased ~181 n~ l$'s i~
portnnt .l ps.rt \,llM tb.e bond. olt:.J~-
'I'he aTerqe .iua maeltfl:r acnt&il11S '.from 4'1000 to 5,000 r ....
'tort. and thft reqU:S:rfI.:·n'~ Wil1,ol"1' f:" r~tol"t ~i;c.rt !ullril, ,[~rEl .:xo••4
1;:0«11 exa.eiint,. '2he re,ort 1$ s.bout eight .inoh.$s in internal dlra_tlr,
ha.uwall.! a'bout one lnoh thio](;. .1. rro::r: :tift:;: to $1xt~t inchelJ 1n
l.~h., and. I. S $UPport.a ouly a.t tatl two (nK!. Be.d.a..1 ita o.
night, 1. t eat":t":l.~HI> a, 1000 at a}HHtt Q:ne hundred pcn:md.a or ~m. o:r.
$.M fuel distI"l biJted unito:rmly 0"il6" lts IfJXl.ith. l,t is Jtea.t.d t·Q
l.:~bO"'ll 14000 c. on tile Gu'telde (oorre.potdinc' to a t••penit.a.n of
12500 to l~OOo C. all tha .1xusl(lel.. ~rhe retorts an 1n conl1J1UU$ \Ul.
and la,' trom th:trty to se.,enty'-li"'e day$t d.:p~:n.':~nc 1'.l,f>en tbelr
q;aall'" kind. of ore ohareed, li.i.nd ~l uMt, aDtl 8;180 o:t tlJ.8tlP_ of
r.'ont'J;nau It fte ret." 2lU:st no' on11 po..... illp. r.,na.tori••••
lIu' 1tal•• u. tor.slnd.formation, :tn.ian, torJlOllon, ltl'l&ld"q)"
~'t tal ,...\1... 01 gaMs and .81'10'" at; 81e.'. '.,_ft'''.,-1-
A.8 baf ;};r(; $tr..t e.", th-i :':,: rf:r f nt 1rr:v r:2 t't i e::;. t ion. 0 f nh! Oh
~(1.11 th",le oaYers ot11~" ;;:" J;l:l'''t. mlt';,~rt:.akor, to Gtn.Cy the COlttfatatl't't
"liluee c/t variou£: gl'oi: m;;",tel'iSt,l n i'\.;;r the UU:)'lJl,;f~.ctlln of l~l1Q ratOl"ts.
bATing ~10 i t$ 01,;~Jlct to :tiJJJl 'better f·rt.1g l:tltite rl~1 tor t:~iil l,urI'''••
than those eomof...ly in use at the prenel'lt t1rM, lind to dete:ralne the
D(n!t pX'vjlQrlntJ1u: of bOtl.fi cltJ,~;' \~) -.... :ua vii tI.i.. O~ilJ:J klw.t of er'J~ ..
• ')lvl 01.,.
1a o»der te slye & -"'.r •..,arl'Qn of In. prep.ltt.. 01
\lle wui..... erG&' ."1"1&18 a .ta~ ~Q_, 01&7--13'. L.t.d. elq-••
040... tor all t,l'ltt 1'1'01 _ter1al. , III thl. 1 '1,..'1...
91101., ft. oboMD. on aocou.a.' oft' 1"' ,. 1. qi
arOt:md ~i'. I~fItl1. 1n the f:tate ot J.U.$'oUi U4 allO , tt.
"arlo'll' pnpertle$ suitable tQ"t' thi.pVpO........ :pla.'S.elty, cOO4
);h:«1181' ,..er, and 1_ If.lUtinkage 111 th talr11 alp r"'c'ortual.
St. J..ouia elaJ' ._ };teeD. 1.'11 fa1r1:; setlt'ral ue " 'ht-Jetrlt7 of
A.IlIdeaa 'i. -.1,.,.8 •• bond alar f ... -*J' ,_ft.
1
2
4
•
1.0
eale~.ned F11!lt clay
Flfty :partaoarborrtadue1 fire.and and ti tty 'pari $ 'braun_!f?$81''IlI, b~r ..1gbt ..
Ra'¥J cyan! t$
,tfty pa:ttft oalo1ne4 flint01*'7' aad t1f'l1 part8 p01ld..r....... tl1~" ~ by _lgh1.
;:.;.ti.x'¥ i/~ ..rtis of i:rog a:t1d. torty ~,ns
of Don":: Ol~~', b::/ YloiGh~;'; '"
Mixture no. 2 -.b'itty pl~r'$ of srot' and fifty punscrfht·ud o}J",j~t b.. 1ieibht ..
1tlS'V$ !to. Z .. 'onr ,Par'. of irf.i)j; and. slxt~f ~:rt$
of b()nd elF!.3il', b:," ~~.ght.
M1xtUNJrO. 1 .. Fortyptlrts of g1*O~~ and 11.'y pa~.
O"r olaj', by _18nt.
Thirt) p~:rti ot' ti;l""C$ and ....nt:/' l*I"~of cla:r, bJ' wttght ..
~ftll:t~! J!1.t:tte of wogan" .1..':7 P*'-"~
of el$i~. by we1t;ht ..
.. i ..
'l~b$ j:zy ~iStu.r.8, ...e1gh1:mg forty-fou.r pouu,_ were
1il:1IU·0U61ll;;ll Uiixed iIi a l.<::,ijGrstor~ ,pt.tglSlil1 .~or t;'Wenty ml1lU.tes, sul
tlo1t'nt M;~tarb.il16 8d.UfHl to mJ.~,t\:e a eutt; plcr-:tie~od.:T··. iHle "tu:-llr
]'~i%t .tI'6 s ';,fJX"f,? lc;ft to ~e~:ii;';'lJ.,ar fro;,;,:;. eig'ht it"; fo'ltrtee:n da;lE. "L&n't1"ler-'
i~' inC.lSa13eE tl.lt4 ,f-lf:tstle:J. ty of' the 1waiJ mixture so n e to facl11tate
the $tQ.ndard. t.:it:!thoda uf ~lt.~ Jlttu;;,"io~;cn ;:~ooiet:>'for.:e.ti:ugYatorbtl.
&llQ. 'ebB .merioo4 Ui;.l"uic ;QCi6t~f.
Ohemtoal Analys.1 e.
~1•• 01 all the Il"ol's a:rl.d 'he Olaf were portions of the
saMple. t*_ 'lor tn.. de1'o~tloXl Y~l1Ut d.t~Niutlon, but r;round in
an ..atemof't8l' to pa.•• $. 100 .Ih. 81..... 1'6'nlt10Jt 10al, a111ca.
alai_, 1r.11 onu, '1'£1818., 11_. IA...,.ln, .041- ox1de, aut!
po\.a.1UX1. oxide were a.'ermined on all ,regea" the .lay a....own
under ex",,'larlMatal n8ul"...
~o••en ~.l••
A 80Jtoen &118.1751$ •• I'W 001 allgro,; .-pl•• u,l.. ';v1tl'
",tand.a,rd 01.8V$8. SaNDle (,Ii' ekaJ.l. FOe. appro:u-.teq 1000 an-a,was uJ:wken in a aes:t uf sifn'•• 0):). a io'k&j,J ..hiM tor f1t,... •••
'\1t.ea y ad tJ.le pQJ'cen:age ot tn.. total ..lp, t1t_1Jti'Q8 OJi -..en-.Mt,....
...T ..
])etol!"t5.. 'tl0'l'l Vlilue.
~.i.l\\JrG,:ar(j'md the CIHl~n lnlt dld n01~ 00>1 the f~D'nQoe ttpprea1ably.
The rata of.' ntl~tinG e:Phn" 8000C.,t:Dtl appt'Ox1*t~ly ,en
......
i0+" It ..~~
,,' -_.... .__._-,.._.--->,
,__...._._.__. IJ" ...-------~
t~~st jli,'3UeS _6 removed. v'.i.til a. cloth a:od the rdaces dr1$d at rOQm
temp$n.ture 1".)1" twenty-fr.Yi 't1' t;i) t i11 rt:v-·~dx the::.::~ tf.t ,;,+0 to
l ·..~o .".... ",,,,
.. ql1nc1er a.lso :wad. orateei. 11'0 prtlv.:ut lea!Ue'6$ of .::aerQuu;·~~ bet._
ti1.eS& tQ part.... rl.1.ber rinfj;' 1a att$ohed 1.0 the 10W$l'" ."od of the
pl.,oll.. 1". a.M pl'GvidM. on t.he ald. of ,. pi.ton.. 'lib.1ob. fit laio
groo.·., ou.' in th4Jwalls of tne qltnde:r. 1111<.1 lMk tn. oylinder and
pi.ton toget.b.Etr. In a hole drilled. ·tuou,Jh. the leli6"th ot' the pieton
a. bUJ.tte·~a.s 'iiealed. !.b.e burette. f;:r'ad:uai-ri to 0.1 8Wiio centi
metal', proJeot. aluJ•• the l'.\l)le ot , ... OJli.-r for about ~_..i7...three
inches. A braes ell,ge' part! l?11y sur:rte!JJl.d$ the ...tlonof t.be 'ou.rt\'e,
the 1,18'on 1. cone-sMf·$d to t:L'\fold tt'upp1%)£ ~:1r bulibl.'h·
t~.t.L.n operat1:ng the vol'Wneter, '.\'.l:'Gffieleht t!!ftre'l~" mQll· I·,ourt"
1.1;01lhe 0)"11lt4"rto obta.tl'l. .i.n!'la:l 1'"eMltl8 .n'bI ......Ita ...... ,_
pl.,o» •• 'H..... iGWn ILlI4 10'*. 1. 1*-&t1",n ":a tu .11....... a.e
- 10 ..
::Itp" 2 •
........ :&NUJ7' V.l......
.. 11 ..
I
't$sti!lee"e r af"t,~l" 1)1;) 1'1;;.: to,"~:.ed :;. n :\;..ilJ;"OS$l;J1 £01" twelTE; il:;ru:rs were ,ti;lt
rate W~:Ui: ;;~l)prox1m;;lt.l~ ·ti fti Q.(iJt"retilS O• .u.t1gl'.v.d• .tier lloar, X.$\ pieoes
~i$re :a.e..1;Qu 1,;;, 80Q) C•• 1000° C... 1100° C., 12tOOr.) G.... l~Jt) Q_. Qd
l4QO° c.
.. 11.
!('che tElt';,t 'pleoe~ were 10l'lL19d in s sieel J.nt)ld one inch. by on$
inoh 1ll C'.raS2 seeti.oa. tLUa. 801'"011 inOMa 11:1 letlg'th. ~he wet pieces
'I'vere ari$d. by t110 1i.i~~ndard. !oothuc1 describelJ b&f"cre, OUN being tuen
to Jt$$V i.o.fit 4ir1ing un1t-orm iIi lil.t ~",rl:.' at.f.168U b)' ti.4;rnin~: en ,...1"'.
fl:JUl"~,. T'went:y te:;:t pi9ce~ 'wen tru::,d.o fr'.l'n fJt10h ea:t'lj,ile, fiT 11 '-1n£';
-tired a~ 8000 0'.. J.uOOo 0,.. l;:~o·iJ C., a,ud. 14000 C~ T1le i"il'&d tEuri
;leoe' \'liar., ft)l'UA.l;;4... iJU line .i..~!'t$ai:,r";l:.u::lY-i)..t:l:li~ t)\l"(;;'l~liJ.l. ~$ath.AI !Qtl;ohine
S.l:lUlltA in j;l'it\\'u:. 41:. :£f.H~ K'.!J.iie eU.i$il or IJllti ...fQ'o1r"tn. 1ncl:.I. ra4iu.a _re
B$' tlv~ iuoU$. ,.;~ti";;:,;4,ct;. s.'h(j &no;; ~iI red a.c.:proxilli:a.tely at tl~ rate ot
twel1'e poUJl4$ Ger l'Ylinuliel. :t'be ~rl()d\ll'tUl of .r.1,.l~tilr8 was oaleulat.4 rrom
data 10 ootainaa,.,
oa 'w tol1ft1rC J*Ce. 11111 .. 10_ the ia'tnl1at.ea. nault. ot
the Ie.,..... 0». I.M ...,,1-'1"I.il.1 ,",.a. \04)1 a1d1U'1tl .. locnhel' ",ith
Q. t'u.I'f'.' plo,'" '_hfrOlUt
GftS 1 I I 4 IS 6 '1 8 , 10 Olq..
SSOa 1'.14 47.'1 62.&6 ,.,. 52.sa .9.16 "'.40 fl.ao 24.86 9.80 &5.4.
!lao. 14.11 .'.11 12.1(. 88.1' 1&.40 44.11 "." 28.'. 69.10 1$." 2$.'3
1....'10.Ito•• .a4- .1$ .11 .12 .11 .41 ,,06 .11 .1' .10 10.-61
,.0 a.11 1.04 1.21 1.'" 1." 2.41 2.4. .61 1." 1.44 1.","0. 2•.10 1.1' 1.1i 1.'. I.'. a•.,o 2~'O .6' 1.60 1.60 1.1'
flO. 1.8' 2.44 1.8' 1.10 .'. I •.., a.6' l.d 1.10 1.60 1."JiIG .a fn.o. .11 !NO• .11 ,,..... !:raoe f ... !ftU ,.... .11
oao .1' .4.' •1' tao. •aa .11 .18 .2• fr..,_ traM .,.1fUO .11 .1. .00 .10 .00 .00 .00 .06 .10 fra" .1'De .&4 .11 •• .'2 .00 .00 .00 .15 .11 ... .1'SIC .00 .00 .00 0001 4&." .00 ~OQ .00 .00 .00
me 0 .00 .00 .00 .4-8 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00.00
D.t'....... lU,per Illp.r l1eul',toa -.1- 19-80· 3. 10.;031 t8U K It-If) Uaaa ~ It>.. (0..._18 " .,
0..)
·tIlI 1'"
alMOl.n1af'lI,ll1.aleftta of Grop on Baal. CIt A.la.2!.1tr.rll11*
411'."-1'
H 0 1 • • ~ 1 arE q • 1 ~ a 1 • at $.
-,---.........--+--........-.....-.....-~lt----+---+---+---.;-- .......---'
1
I
I
•I,,
10
1.00 1.941 .0941 .om .Oa1 .04.i .00& .008 ..OQO .00()
1.00 1.'00 ..Oil .0&6 .000 .011 .005 .00' .- .000
1.00 1.180 .01' .0'' .018 ..032 .000 .01. .000 .000
1.00 .19' .OID .OIK .000 .000 .001 .oot .OGO .000
1.00 ..... .110 •Ofl .01' .011 .000 .000 '1.110 ....1.00 1.1" .Of. •0'• •000 .01• ..000 .000 .000 .001
1.00; 1.... ..07' .0". .000 .011 .000 .000 .000 .000~,..
1.00 1.1" .80& .06' .000 .01a .OM .00' .000 •toe
1.00 ••11 .OR .060 .000 .000 .001 .01. .000 .000
1•• ..1" .OM •OIlS ..000 .000 .000 .006 .000 .000
.. 1t ..
Gr.N_bar 41.0. 810a
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'able x.
Nt6ul"u.• et Rupture ot B~' M1x\Uft. at
100° 0., 10000 0., 11000 O. e,nd 1400°0.
I P.r oec' of' i Mo4lil'U8 01' .J!tltt"e~I
1fUaHr GrOC oont..t If ' ltft.1nn. o.:!.~" 8000 cfloono Oilt.OOO 0:14.00° of
rt. I
60 429 ~ BtQ I 714 I11561 10 dl l 696 1014 1.'
I 40 468 '09 I 1162' l~OI Ij I
If to Q6 46e f 651 '11 !I a
1DO M6
1871
t67i
tDOL
tfrO SOl fit 6'8 100'1
i 60 349 f 456 i age • 13" I1• 50 382
16" I 959 • ll~l
40 616 66. t. IlM8
GO 6~2 11.29 I1600 15'£ I" j 10',: 61? I H&6 1620 I 16al t
f
I 4G 616f
1011 I1711I
lil760 368 485 '49 1~4,6• II 10 4fl1 l 686 f 810 1541
I 40 46"1 I H~ I aao 139't
4C 4rtD f till 11" f 889, i :ro 4'15 I 4V'T i 1216 ; 941It 1:0 461) ! 597 I 1334 I 1190.f,
I 4,0 416 511 911 '68, 30 600 Q8 1092 107020 628 '1a1 1301 1500
iO •• 3ft ,. 618
• 50 40'1 4,YO eoa '"~40 509 ue il6 t 1105
&0 MO 5e4 729 886
• 10 "''1 iI' 8" 100140 l1l8 181 113 986
ItO 50? .2 lIS' 1MO10 10 665 1001 1,a7 li'l
to ", fl. 1'" 104M
•
If'1... 11.
»o4'a1.1I• ., ..,.. ot iolJ ..,........
:fi... U-A.
M04\llu .~ b".. of ...,. 11btIrn1.
!.be allUd_ ttl" UaM 1ft ootaWq the 4810,.,1. "al••
of ~ _ ..Iou.e .r.__11 no' ata.n4& , •••t,.Uft abov. (Jon. 8th 'or
\hi , .....to-.\10•••1•• 01 Groet 'No. " and N"<h 10, which
_ ...,..,. ,,1..,•• we,.e DO" d."~'" •.:I....tl,- On Grog No. I,_lob. ._ .. m1.... ot .._1 ..lib" 01 OaF~O~'Wln,.e .... D.D4
...... .....r.. , th$ "'oration V..1M wall lao\ '.'eNiHt.the ,.,....'1011 ••1._ of' the " ..rIh• ..,_S nqe4 bol..
0-. It ,. COM ., UUl ll,P {'....lel). WI" \he ,tin .t G.. 10.
6. 'Whioh ••'.1M6 Sla... ,.,••'luft1... af U. 0'" 11
.1fpearei \.., '''.IN_'ll "laW 'tJ tAft n.o. ~ta\, _ 1 ne17
"1&t.u,io tJUt 510. oont.nt (iiM Table '1 and i"!i.-U:M is).
~.. .i.ing of the 4ttt.rent grQ~15 tha.t WfJ'N orutWt4, '" 0
.... , ••lth 1. t'tl1'. unltoru. ('1:).$ Flgu.re 6). G,rQs* Ho. 6 $oDd 'Ieh ,-
., S ,,_ atbt.1¥ OIUl1wcl oor.di'lo1h (Jro, 10.8 1'Il0'"
'al'" fl,t, JMtr .., 1*~ tlln'.
Be>q !U.•\u:NtJ.
!be _te.t of 1)las'101t;; !A%1d the 4J'7iuf; JhrlrJkaCe "..na....
ia .-.ral a. the i~ oontnt inG't'$.tu,.d. An 8.v&:r&ge ••, ••, of
Inn-a PI' ••, -~.r R$ requ.ired torot!C tl.SO t1: pl••tle .l~
to~ ,. 1&1'-' &"8 llod,J ~J::d;·u.:r.... 14.5 pe~ cent tel' tM -.s. tVO'
..,. au'..... &'Il4 tltt••n p.'" O.l1t for .. 1.. 1"1 ....., ala- -.
, .. 071.. -fJlUBe of t1:l.8 '041 Illsi••' a....... a1. PU' , Wi.
111.. IftI" , •• pel" OI».t_'h IMtH.l.. IftI aa( _1•••11 per cot ""h
low &J*OC. 1- '.-,.la'l.lI"88 .... from GJ'Oj;' No. , aDd No. 10, tM
i"" 'With 11 M41a ilt"OtJ ooa'••' __ low:r lli 'bo,a 121 _tel' 'f pl.....
'".1'~ ud 1a dJ71D1 ,uln~J t:bal1 tll6 bodie. with hl~r or lower
P'OC •••, ••, (,lgtU"e ').t_ Wl18M el~ OJ' ehrlaUp of tbe \8.t pi.oa. tina to
100° o 1••• , .. (hi per ..nt (r1~ 10. !he .,.lQ• • t
1M , ••, '1 ft..JIfId;. t. nt..... 'elapeftiun.l......ed. with Ul 1..
.... 1 , 4 In grog OOl'lt.Dt. !hi' hla'S...-
Illl» 1•••, the .-.t .f ria'1. in __ YOl ••
41tt_" aU. tM 1 1Jo4l.b' &1.. 111'... ...,..t .1M 1_ aal ."'"*",,1• • t '" tt_ t ••, 's .
"lit ,... , ...a. (Ileun.... t). fa. ,.n,i\7 .at u'••rp
_1...t •• , ••, pl.... firM. '0 800° o.......... altola' ••n'l-.....
ao'b. 'b.e lJVl"o.l" aud to.l a'bIOl",Pt ion 1:acreaaettfo't: "" '.a' 'p1.a..
fir«t to 10000 c. ud 'Cbel '.oroa* below ~heir rospee'iTe va.lue!!
., 100·°0. tor tbtJ· '.st pittoeD tl.. at '.mt~mt·u.re. 200". 100C'O:,.
PfJi flU"".' aDd q :.lXtVGrM nlatlon ~et'VH.!'i!t1 t~ ';li,;,SlrjJ'lon ~ W
eN, OQ»_t. ,. Oo:u."ora1oa 0:£ ~_:1io toIl\ll111.. ~t ."0.$ 14aOO"0.1
.: t
.... 00:.'*1.'" .xpu.'l~n 1s 01-r1l ... JJa ,_"al', u-
.....tl. nrtel t. ,_ Hil•• Ut WhiP •• tJM.l, pol-
... 'ZS ..
1M aOtlalua ofro,p'unQ'l the body mistures "a1'1t4 'be
......,hel' wi... llalta. '01' most bot, mixt.urel 'the mod'Qll1' of
hPW" _lOa 't) be d.lrectly rel~ted to tJle tetaptTtDtu:re and 1.....r$e
11 ftla'ed to the gros Of)n'teIl:~. Bodl mixture l:ro~ 5 :rea-ohM 1"
_xl..- 'f'i.tlue tor nM4bem g:rog 10,flt611' tired. '0 1400°0., 10. 6, low
Il'tlS OOl1teD'. a' 12000
C•• No. 10, medium f.-roe: oontent. lit 12000 a.,
and 7~(h 4, low gx-og Of'))t.t••t ...., 1200°0. There ~,re no _rkd 41f'..t.n... in U. Tal'll.. o'f the M04U1ll8 of ;¥tUJ?'htre of the bOClJ mlx
t1lfta tlN4 at 8008 C. and tho.. tln4 a' 1000$ e.
!be ObJ..' of' \hi. part of tbe 1nYf.u"iptlol$. ._ a -t.tall
ot \he plv'.loalpropenl•• ud nle eom.i.a:r:oat1'YG Talu.e$ of the '1 t
r."..1,1' ,:j:r/)f; .'.r5,fll19 anti t:h~ D~Opo:r'lon~ ":1.4,.02\ ~i~ht ;-1"o""Q !:1O~;t
1Jll\,tl\lJletn the bod:: m'-nll~ t -~1'f the$X;iOr!mtt'l1tEi>l ,?1!'OfHlfitb'Lnl hal:';
1l*>i; Mft o~l.'ed. .ott"WF:\•. t 1", l1l3dQ t'.l- g1Tf!9 .a~'· c,ef1111t. coa
e]:d1,." •• ,\) ,:tut relnt!'lff8Yl11 ':toe of th~ Tt'l.~·s.Q\:1. grOis !'udlo,j,..
l' 1$ JIIe' o~, flt ,1$00, llow",er. to trl~u1t1tla n tl!W J?0:1nt, *1.h aft
fal:.1,. _11 MOwn trc!!t the rern.tlt. th1'..t1 tn.,. o'b'ta1:ne4t
1. lor the arOC. .''''ltd t y alatan of equal
-iSh'$. of Ollq' - .. 81' '0 ....ore .'1.·tBotoJ7 ,.. a hOllJ Cltt ~'lMu' pr&ponloae ot
-lAIr .. _. 9Mb.. 1to~ hal a ts.lrlJ b.S.8I1
MdUlu ot t'tlP''ttN, low per"Jltnge of .Wl' of
pla.' \01,).•b~ d~1in,:, $.hrl:riJtil.(se. hd ()01n~:,::.r&1
-r...tH·t....b:ly 1~il t.h tj\~ ">0(1_$ il.ll:ld,e+;l't)r.'l ·)tt;,;;;~r !~r{};Jor
tifJllS ot" el'~;l aud. t<1"1)ft 1:n ab'J\J1"ptlo"l, ~A):,r:Hii t:! ~.tl(1
"ol~,~$ ~;1\arA(;;'.
dQaut:t't.~l j~G'.i" 'Uh'J t\!J gi:O~; 1n :&;}.:40 j;'f)\;orttri.
3_ t»loinot:, t. ,;.lJw.;'t~ O~l\4~: r:.o.l~~b::.elJi:,.en t)~ur. are ·1OOi
gl'og_teritr.l15' t"t'U~tl tAe aaulpea, of ,wl'7 ..
ot coct.
t. Iu ••e fIIanl'", ft,.11 1;;> lMt 11.•• a•• "'08 .,."Ul_
l' IlloQld 'It. O80101n84 allW'Yt 1400° C. to 11ft.·.'
, .. tomplet. alt.ration \0 mull1 te 4tt4 tAUI ..yold
$Ae pO.,i81. lha"ter1:ng of the _n 'ttl expaaelBIl
on 1'1'1113;8*
' ••'In. !;.ona.n.S.,r~ ~'tbllu~ of 1;146 CO_Qll tLot~.. l4t. $&n i·r*-l1.1'00 &0,4 ,'>onclo1'J" 1911. ~,~Q:t\:tao'ar8 01 retons aad eoMn...r.,116. .t,,~.r/O_
.va•. jt. ~.f 1{.i~Q'u:r1Qa iWd I\n~u.a. lJ&'t' YOlk-:':" 1911:'. Z5,11f: CJ.I"111~ .....11, .!:lp .. 2$'.'4&•
.."...., H. 0 •• ~".11~ of ,;l;o.e aa4 cadlllb, :~OGraw-i1111 :Sook Cr) ••:f•• '.rk. l~d. lte'UI"'~ anti. ~j1id«lW..r •• 91-. l.31-~3.
1~1..\;i'.1 '.1" ~Xit\JU. :eile ~tthllu.ri'1 at ~ inc tlil~, cau~~luuj. 1,:OG1'UW-Jl111 ... Co•• :'. YOR" 190'_ Ex..l •• fro. p,...",••_. ,p,_ ' 16.
&un., Alfreda., rhe 1h-.m18t'l'1 ad. piq.l0. of clql a.n4 o\be.r ..• 10 _"e.r1a18.. 11. lQJl ~No$tran4 00., lift York. 1924.
ami'n·s ~·~rn••' J. •• '!be Il1no 1_11.'1;l7'. ·,..,~~;tu,. G;Cltfhl .md 00-. r.ou....1916.
'llk_, O.;P •• :'alJnertotl _tae r.t.nLCton.4.1'raX).r.", AI~,t[, Yol. LVII,PJh 868-.a,.
~~t()net Gil> C*' .aet.ra.'.r1•• tor .lac ••1\111&, ,All!.. Cera:•• ;;«>•• .10111". t
Vel. 6. 1'••• '" H. ii7....01•
•••2'•••11", 0"0, fJu;PJ'I,paX'::v.ti;y;., ';) •..,"' Jll,ore'ti.Jrtf;' ~l.1~d '\'belr It.c.tl~Jn
1- ibefln* z.1'Mllr1t" tu.r ,~\Q8e..ui'. (heml.. , ;,2lirlh 12. 1903.vi- 1''''111.
J:W~l'_\\'G:r. o't'J,'tbe prCi;r$8$1Yii;.dl:"f!1:n.1t'<u1~!J;of' tL,e .f,1••'1'ltj of.11.7 wi,n ohmlO\tefW.ll44 ;&.l',o1u"lt' fur' .!,ut'S$-'IUid\. abed_, Vol.
XVl.1i·::;.4.C • .ii;~'V. 11, 1~'.:2.
- 4~ ....
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