Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution 1700-1755 (Ch. 5 and 6)

Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution1700-1755 (Ch. 5 and 6)

As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial America during the eighteenth century

A. a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country.

B. the British government was pleased that more workers would be available to fill an increasing need for laborers in Britain.

C. the need for slave labor declined.D. the colonists became more dependent on Britain for the

goods that they needed to survive.E. the British government granted greater autonomy to

colonial governments.

As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial America during the eighteenth century

A. a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country.

B. the British government was pleased that more workers would be available to fill an increasing need for laborers in Britain.

C. the need for slave labor declined.D. the colonists became more dependent on Britain for the

goods that they needed to survive.E. the British government granted greater autonomy to

colonial governments.

KNOW YOUR REGIONS

• New England (Northern: Mass, RI, Conn., New Ham.

• Middle: Penn, NY, NJ, Delaware.

• South: Virginia, Maryland, North Car., South Car., Georgia The

Chesapeake (Virginia and Maryland)

Outline of our Discussion (your cues):Chapter 5 (1700-1776)

Review: Where did the colonies come from? New Ethnicities Bring New Issues Social Class in the New World The Great Awakening: Religion in the 18th Century Education in the Colonies Culture and Folkways The Press and Politics

Chapter 6 France and New France The French and Indian War Uh Oh… Colonials become Restless…like you pesky teenagers

Growth of America?

Jamestown & Plymouth?1607-1700

Growth of the colonies to 1776?

A Little Review to Help the BrainRemember the Colonies:

New England▪ Religious : Intolerant and

Puritanical (leading to Congregational)

▪ Political: Town Meetings, Majority Rule, Mayflower Compact

▪ Economic: Diversification, shipping, lumber, fish, subsistence ag.

The population growth of the American colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to

A. white immigration from Europe.B. the natural fertility of Native Americans.C. the importation of slaves from Africa.D. the influx of immigrants from Latin America.E. the natural fertility of all Americans.

The population growth of the American colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to

A. white immigration from Europe.B. the natural fertility of Native Americans.C. the importation of slaves from Africa.D. the influx of immigrants from Latin America.E. the natural fertility of all Americans.

A Little Review to Help the BrainRemember the Colonies:

Middle Colonies:▪ Religious: Diversity,

toleration, Quaker Haven▪ Political: Representative

Assemblies▪ Economic: Rich soil

produced grain, shipping and commercial centers in the cities

A Little Review to Help the BrainRemember the Colonies:

Southern Colonies:▪ Religious: Anglican

Church▪ Political: Ruled by

Aristocratic Elite (SlavocracySlavocracy)

▪ Economic: Focused on Cash Crops (Tobacco, Rice, Indigo)

Slavery• Northern and Middle Colonies:

– Domestic Servants, Urban Slaves– Little agricultural slaves– Merchants and traders profiting from

the slave trade.

• Southern Colonies:– Upper South – Tobacco

(poor man’s crop), gang system (Slaves developed more Euro-African American Culture)

– Lower South – Rice (rich man’s crop), task system (Slaves retained more African Traditions)

Slave Rebellions• Resistance:

– Runaways• Florida and the cities (why

Florida?)

– NYC Slave Revolt 1712• 1st in British North America

– Stono Rebellion 1739Stono Rebellion 1739• South Carolina• Largest pre-Revolutionary War

revolt• Put down by white militia

When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict or halt the importation of slaves, British authorities

A. applauded the efforts.B. vetoed such efforts.C. allowed only South Carolina's legislation to

stand.D. viewed such colonial actions as morally

callous.E. did nothing.

When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict or halt the importation of slaves, British authorities

A. applauded the efforts.B. vetoed such efforts.C. allowed only South Carolina's legislation to

stand.D. viewed such colonial actions as morally

callous.E. did nothing.

The average age of the American colonists in 1775 was

A. 30.B. 27.C. 25.D. 20.E. 16.

The average age of the American colonists in 1775 was

A. 30.B. 27.C. 25.D. 20.E. 16.

South Carolina

IMMIGRANTS AND ETHNICITIESCHANGES 1700 TO 1763

Immigrants and Ethnicities

• Talking about VOLUNTARY Immigrants (not involuntary slaves)

• Reasons for Immigration:– Chance to own land (do they?)– Greater social mobility (always?)– Religious freedom (everywhere?)– Lower taxes & Material Goods– Better diet (MORE MEAT!)

An armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker oligarchy's lenient policy toward the Indians was known as

A. Bacon's Rebellion.B. March of the Paxton Boys.C. Regulator Movement.D. Shays' Rebellion.E. Oligarchy Revolution

An armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker oligarchy's lenient policy toward the Indians was known as

A. Bacon's Rebellion.B. March of the Paxton Boys.C. Regulator Movement.D. Shays' Rebellion.E. Oligarchy Revolution.

Immigrant Groups

Immigration also contributed to population growth in the 18th century.

English and Welsh were still important, but other European groups arrive (Esp. the Middle Colonies)

25

In North Carolina, spearheaded by the Scotch-Irish, a small insurrection against eastern domination of the colony's affair was known as

A. Bacon's Rebellion.B. March of the Paxton Boys.C. Regulator Movement.D. Shays' Rebellion.E. Whiskey Rebellion.

In North Carolina, spearheaded by the Scotch-Irish, a small insurrection against eastern domination of the colony's affair was known as

A. Bacon's Rebellion.B. March of the Paxton Boys.C. Regulator Movement.D. Shays' Rebellion.E. Whiskey Rebellion.

Diversity through Immigration

28

More Immigrants Causes Complexity• Booming

immigrant population calls for more cheap land…

• Where (who?) do they get it from?

• Isolation on the frontier

– Scots-Irish

• Confrontation with the Natives

• Need of “protection” causes growth of militias (ready made army… kinda)

• East vs. west land conflicts

• Paxton BoysPaxton Boys

Discussion Question:

• How does the rising diversity in Ethnicity and Immigration affect colonial identity?

By 1775, the ____ were the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America

A. AfricansB. GermansC. West IndiansD. Scots-IrishE. Irish

By 1775, the ____ were the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America

A. AfricansB. GermansC. West IndiansD. Scots-IrishE. Irish

SOUTHERN Social Class: Rise of the Elites

Small Landowning

Farmers

Lesser Tradesmen, Manual Laborers, Hired Hands

Indentured Servants and JailbirdsSLAVES

Aristocrats: Leading Planters, Merchants, Lawyers, Officials, ClergymenLesser Professional Men

The Irish

Discussion Questions:

• Was there greater social mobility in the English colonies? What contributed to this social mobility?

• What was a major impediment to the idea of social mobility in the English colonies? Why?

The riches created by the growing slave population in the American South

A. were distributed evenly among whites.B. helped to narrow the gap between rich and

poor.C. created a serious problem with inflation.D. were not distributed evenly among whites.E. enabled poor whites to escape tenant

farming.

The riches created by the growing slave population in the American South

A. were distributed evenly among whites.B. helped to narrow the gap between rich and

poor.C. created a serious problem with inflation.D. were not distributed evenly among whites.E. enabled poor whites to escape tenant

farming.

RELIGION AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT

Whitefield

Charles FinneyMr. Finney

The most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was ____, whereas ____ was the least ethnically diverse.

A. New England, the SouthB. the middle colonies, the SouthC. the South, New EnglandD. the middle colonies, New EnglandE. the frontier regions, New England

The most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was ____, whereas ____ was the least ethnically diverse.

A. New England, the SouthB. the middle colonies, the SouthC. the South, New EnglandD. the middle colonies, New EnglandE. the frontier regions, New England

ReligionName of Religion Number of Members Chief Location

Congregationalist 575,000 New England

Anglicans 500,000 N.Y, Southern Colonies

Presbyterians 410,000 Frontier (West)

German Churches (Including Lutherans)

200,000 Pennsylvania

Dutch Reformed 75,000 N.Y., N.J.

Quakers 40,000 Pennsylvania, N.J., Delaware

Baptists 25,000 R.I., Penn, N.J., Del.

Roman Catholics 25,000 Maryland, Penn

Methodist 5,000 Scattered throughout

Jews 2,000 N.Y., R.I.

TOTAL MEMBERSHIP 1,857,000

TOTAL POPULATION 2,493,000

% of Population that were Members

74%

Religion ContinuedTax Supported (Established) Churches, 1775

Colonies Church Date of Disestablishment

Massachusetts Congregationalist 1833

Connecticut Congregationalist 1818

New Hampshire Congregationalist 1819

Rhode Island NONE

New York Anglican (Only in NYC) 1777

New Jersey NONE

Pennsylvania NONE

Delaware NONE

Maryland Anglican 1777

Virginia Anglican 1786

North Carolina Anglican 1776

South Carolina Anglican 1778

Georgia Anglican 1777

In contrast to the seventeenth century, by 1775, colonial Americans

A. had become more stratified into social classes and had less social mobility.

B. had all but eliminated poverty.C. found that it was easier for ordinary people

to acquire land.D. had nearly lost their fear of slave rebellion.E. had few people who owned small farms.

In contrast to the seventeenth century, by 1775, colonial Americans

A. had become more stratified into social classes and had less social mobility.

B. had all but eliminated poverty.C. found that it was easier for ordinary people

to acquire land.D. had nearly lost their fear of slave rebellion.E. had few people who owned small farms.

The Enlightenment

• Rule of reason and logic• Scientific Method• Philosophy that attempts to

explain the earth through human endeavors

• Creation of DeismCreation of Deism– Superior being created

Universe, universe is guided by logical principles

• Many founding fathers were followers of the Enlightenment and Deism– Jefferson, Washington, Franklin

God as the “watchmaker”

The Great Awakening:A Reaction to the Enlightenment

Jonathan Edwards

The “New Lights”The “New Lights”

Ron Weasley

Great Awakening (in 3 Parts)• Jonathon Edwards – “Sinners in the Hands of Jonathon Edwards – “Sinners in the Hands of

an Angry God”an Angry God”– Anti-Arminianism (unconditional salvation vs.

conditional salvation)– Helps orchestrated George Whitefield

• George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield– Conversion through emotion– Frontier, itinerant preacher– Preaches to the Poor– ““New lights”New lights”

• John WesleyJohn Wesley– Methodist (reform religion – anti-slavery, prison

reform, temperance)– Embraced Arminianism – (Faith leads to election)

Effects of the Great Awakening

• Short Term:– Americans become more

emotional– Churches split over

revivals (new denominations)

– More powerful amongst the Frontiersmen (poor people)

– More disunity between the colonies

Effects of the Great Awakening

• Long Term:– Inspired criticism of

colonial society– Breaks down localismBreaks down localism

• First mass movement that spread over all of the colonies

– Methodists, Baptists, Presbys grow… Anglicans, Catholics, and Quakers shrink.

Scots-Irish

Discussion Question

• How did the printing press change American society?

Benjamin FranklinThe First “American”

Born in Boston (moved to Philly)

Inventor, Scientist, Printer

Early career: satires of N.E. under the pseudonym Silence Dogooder

Later career: Poor Richard’s Almanack

Respected diplomat, author, philosopher

On the eve of the American Revolution, social and economic mobility decreased, partly because

A. some merchants made huge profits as military suppliers.

B. of peacetime economic developments.C. fewer yeoman farmers were arriving from

Europe.D. of the religious impact of the Puritans.E. of the increase in the slave trade.

On the eve of the American Revolution, social and economic mobility decreased, partly because

A. some merchants made huge profits as military suppliers.

B. of peacetime economic developments.C. fewer yeoman farmers were arriving from

Europe.D. of the religious impact of the Puritans.E. of the increase in the slave trade.

Things you didn’t know Benjamin

Franklin invented

Words of Poor Richard

A Flatterer never seems absurdThe Flattered always takes his Word

Beware of meat twice boil’dand an old foe reconcil’d

He’s the best physician that knowsthe worthlessness of most medicines

Art and Artists• Phyllis Wheatley

– Former Slave– Poet

• John Trumbull– Painter

• Charles Willson Peale– Painter– Washington’s portrait

• Benjamin West• John Singleton Copley

– Painters– Loyalists

Most had to go to England and Europe to become famous artists and train

Match each individual on the left with his or her talent.

A. A-2, B-1, C-3B. A-1, B-3, C-2C. A-3, B-2, C-1D. A-1, B-2, C-3E. A-2, B-3, C-1

A. Jonathan Edwards 1. poetB. Benjamin Franklin 2. scientistC. Phillis Wheatley 3. theologian

4. portrait artist

Match each individual on the left with his or her talent.

A. A-2, B-1, C-3B. A-1, B-3, C-2C. A-3, B-2, C-1D. A-1, B-2, C-3E. A-2, B-3, C-1

A. Jonathan Edwards 1. poetB. Benjamin Franklin 2. scientistC. Phillis Wheatley 3. theologian

4. portrait artist

The Great AwakeningA. a. undermined the prestige of the learned

clergy in the colonies.B. b. split colonial churches into several

competing denominations.C. c. led to the founding of Princeton,

Dartmouth, and Rutgers colleges.D. d. was the first spontaneous mass movement

of the American people.E. e. All of these

The Great AwakeningA. a. undermined the prestige of the learned

clergy in the colonies.B. b. split colonial churches into several

competing denominations.C. c. led to the founding of Princeton,

Dartmouth, and Rutgers colleges.D. d. was the first spontaneous mass movement

of the American people.E. e. All of these

In colonial America, education was most zealously promotedA. in the South.B. in New England.C. on the frontier.D. in the middle colonies.E. in those areas controlled by Spain.

In colonial America, education was most zealously promotedA. in the South.B. in New England.C. on the frontier.D. in the middle colonies.E. in those areas controlled by Spain.

The first American college free from denominational control was

A. Harvard.B. Yale.C. New York University.D. Brown University.E. the University of Pennsylvania

The first American college free from denominational control was

A. Harvard.B. Yale.C. New York University.D. Brown University.E. the University of Pennsylvania

Culture in colonial America

A. involved heavy investment in art.B. was generally ignored and unappreciated.C. showed its native creativity in architecture.D. was always important to the colonists.E. for a long time rejected any European

influence.

Culture in colonial America

A. involved heavy investment in art.B. was generally ignored and unappreciated.C. showed its native creativity in architecture.D. was always important to the colonists.E. for a long time rejected any European

influence.

The person most often called the "first civilized American" was

A. Thomas Jefferson.B. John Trumbull.C. John Winthrop.D. Phillis Wheatley.E. Benjamin Franklin.

The person most often called the "first civilized American" was

A. Thomas Jefferson.B. John Trumbull.C. John Winthrop.D. Phillis Wheatley.E. Benjamin Franklin.

The jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer, was significant because

A. he was found guilty.B. it supported English law.C. it pointed the way to freedom of the press.D. the ruling prohibited criticism of political

officials.E. it allowed the press to print irresponsible

criticisms of powerful people.

The jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer, was significant because

A. he was found guilty.B. it supported English law.C. it pointed the way to freedom of the press.D. the ruling prohibited criticism of political

officials.E. it allowed the press to print irresponsible

criticisms of powerful people.

By 1775, most governors of American colonies were

A. appointed by colonial proprietors.B. appointed by the king.C. elected by popular vote.D. elected by the vote of colonial legislatures.E. appointed by the British Parliament.

By 1775, most governors of American colonies were

A. appointed by colonial proprietors.B. appointed by the king.C. elected by popular vote.D. elected by the vote of colonial legislatures.E. appointed by the British Parliament.

In colonial elections

A. most eligible voters zealously exercised their right to vote.

B. the right to vote was reserved for property holders.

C. only a small landed elite had the right to vote.D. average citizens were usually elected to office.E. true democracy had arrived.

In colonial elections

A. most eligible voters zealously exercised their right to vote.

B. the right to vote was reserved for property holders.

C. only a small landed elite had the right to vote.D. average citizens were usually elected to office.E. true democracy had arrived.

Chapter 6Chapter 6

When Empires Clash!When Empires Clash!

Potential Potential problems?problems?

During the seventeenth century America established the precedent of

A. starting wars in Europe.B. being somewhat involved in every world war

since 1688.C. relying totally on the British for defense.D. staying out of European wars totally.

During the seventeenth century America established the precedent of

A. starting wars in Europe.B. being somewhat involved in every world war

since 1688.C. relying totally on the British for defense.D. staying out of European wars totally.

During a generation of peace following the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, Britain provided its American colonies with

A. a large military presence for protection.B. decades of salutary neglect.C. many, higher taxes passed by Parliament.D. all of the above.

During a generation of peace following the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, Britain provided its American colonies with

A. a large military presence for protection.B. decades of salutary neglect.C. many, higher taxes passed by Parliament.D. all of the above.

King William’s & Queen Anne’s War – 2 different events

• English colonists fought the French coureurs de bois beaver hunters) and the Indians

Video: King William’s War

King William’s & Queen Anne’s War – 2 different events

• The peace deal in Utrecht in 1713 gave Acadia, Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay to England

Video: Queen Anne’s War

In the various World Wars before 1754, Americans

A. functioned as a unified fighting force.B. received more support from France than

Britain.C. demonstrated a lack of unity between

coloniesD. were not involved in combat.

In the various World Wars before 1754, Americans

A. functioned as a unified fighting force.B. received more support from France than

Britain.C. demonstrated a lack of unity between

coloniesD. were not involved in combat.

France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of the

A. Protestant takeover of the French government.

B. end of the religious wars.C. revocation of the Edict of Nantes.D. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.

France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of the

A. Protestant takeover of the French government.

B. end of the religious wars.C. revocation of the Edict of Nantes.D. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.

British Territory after Two Wars, 1713

Unlike the first three Anglo-French wars, the French and Indian War

A. did not affect American colonists' attitudes toward England.

B. was fought initially on the North American continent.

C. united British colonists in strong support of the mother country

D. won the British territorial concessions.

Unlike the first three Anglo-French wars, the French and Indian War

A. did not affect American colonists' attitudes toward England.

B. was fought initially on the North American continent.

C. united British colonists in strong support of the mother country

D. won the British territorial concessions.

War of Jenkin’s Ear

• British Captain caught smuggling by Spanish• Spanish cut off his ear and sent him home to

the King• War broke out in 1739 between British and

Spanish• Confined to Caribbean

Turns into War of Austrian Succession in Europe

• Called King George’s War in the colonies

• France allied with Spain

• Peace terms gave Louisbourg back to France

Video: King George’s War

Colonial Participation

• As four “world” wars were fought the colonials participated when it met their needs:– Eng v. Spain = Ga and S.C.– England v. France = Pa, Ve, NH, NY.– Angered when lands they won were

given back to Fr. & Sp. In exchange for Eng. Land lost in Europe.

North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

The climactic clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of

A. Cape Breton Island.B. Ohio R. ValleyC. Mississippi River.D. Great Lakes.

The climactic clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of

A. Cape Breton Island.B. Ohio River ValleyC. Mississippi River.D. Great Lakes.

BritishBritish FrenchFrench

Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 Another First Clash Another First Clash1754 1754 Another First Clash Another First Clash

WeSurrender

RUNAWAY

In his first military command in the French and Indian War, George Washington

A. helped to force the French from Nova Scotia.B. was defeated, but allowed to surrender.C. received strong support from the British.D. won at Fort Duquesne.

In his first military command in the French and Indian War, George Washington

A. helped to force the French from Nova Scotia.B. was defeated, but allowed to surrender.C. received strong support from the British.D. won at Fort Duquesne.

1754 1754 Albany Plan of Union Albany Plan of Union

• Two part plan– Keep Iroquois on English side.

(partially successful) – Create a combined NE government

(Total Failure, as Eng saw it as too independent, and colonies as too weak)

The immediate purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754 was to

A. support George Washington's desire to head the colonial militia.

B. prevent the French from attacking American outposts.

C. keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British.D. request the help of the British military

The immediate purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754 was to

A. support George Washington's desire to head the colonial militia.

B. prevent the French from attacking American outposts.

C. keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British.D. request the help of the British military

Albany Plan of Union

• Aware of the hard times that war could put on the colonies, English officials suggested a "union between ye Royal, Proprietary & Charter Governments." Some colonial leaders agreed and in June 1754 delegates from most of the northern colonies and representatives from the Six Iroquois Nations met in Albany, New York. They decided on a "plan of union" drafted by Benjamin Franklin. Under this plan each colonial legislature would elect delegates to an American continental assembly presided over by a royal governor.

• First of all, Franklin anticipated many of the problems that would beset the government created after independence, such as finance, dealing with the Indian tribes, control of trade, and defense.

• British officials realized that, if adopted, the plan could create a very powerful government that His Majesty's Government might not be able to control.

• The plan was rejected by the Crown and by the legislatures in several of the colonies.

Gen. Edward Braddock Gen. Edward Braddock evict the evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)

A Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,Valley, & Acadia. & Acadia.A Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian by 1500 French and Indian forces.forces.Only Br. Success Only Br. Success expelled expelled

French French from Acadia. from Acadia.

CAJUNSCAJUNS

1755 1755 Br. Decides Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. to Eliminate Fr. Presence in No. Presence in No.

Amer.Amer.

1755 1755 Br. Decides Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. to Eliminate Fr. Presence in No. Presence in No.

Amer.Amer.

Native American tribes Native American tribes exploited both sides! exploited both sides!

Lord Lord LoudouinLoudouin

Marquis Marquis de Montcalmde Montcalm

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne,

A. General Braddock was forced to leave the military

B. George Washington was left without a military command.

C. the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack.

D. the British controlled the frontier.

As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne,

A. General Braddock was forced to leave the military

B. George Washington was left without a military command.

C. the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack.

D. the British controlled the frontier.

BritishBritish

March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

Prima Donna Br. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganizationOrganization::

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

The British invasion of Canada in 1756 during the French and Indian War

A. ended in British defeat.B. concentrated on Quebec and Montreal.C. followed sound strategic planning.D. resulted in victory for Britain.

The British invasion of Canada in 1756 during the French and Indian War

A. ended in British defeat.B. concentrated on Quebec and Montreal.C. followed sound strategic planning.D. resulted in victory for Britain.

A He understood colonial concerns.He understood colonial concerns.

A He offered them a compromise:He offered them a compromise:

-- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. >Br. would reimburse col. assemblies would reimburse col. assemblies forfor their costs. their costs. -- Lord Loudoun would be Lord Loudoun would be removed.removed.

RESULTS?RESULTS? Colonial morale Colonial morale increased by 1758. increased by 1758.

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

** By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763

1.1. It increased her colonial empire It increased her colonial empire in in the Americas. the Americas.

2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s It greatly enlarged England’s debt.debt.

3.3. Britain’s contempt for the Britain’s contempt for the colonials colonials created bitter feelings. created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary! was necessary!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

With the end of the French and Indian War, the disunity jealousy and suspicion that had long existed amongst the American colonials

A. resulted in renewed acts of violence.B. finally came to a complete end.C. continued without change.D. began to melt somewhat.

With the end of the French and Indian War, the disunity jealousy and suspicion that had long existed amongst the American colonials

A. resulted in renewed acts of violence.B. finally came to a complete end.C. continued without change.D. began to melt somewhat.

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

17631763 Pontiac’s Pontiac’s RebellionRebellion

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

British “gifts” of smallpox-British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

British British ProclamationProclamation Line of 1763. Line of 1763.

Colonials Colonials Paxton Boys Paxton Boys (PA)(PA)

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!

Br. Gvt. measures to prevent Br. Gvt. measures to prevent smuggling:smuggling:

James Otis’James Otis’ case case

Protection of a citizen’sProtection of a citizen’s private property must private property must bebe held in higher regard held in higher regard than a parliamentary than a parliamentary statute. statute.

A 1761 1761 writs of assistancewrits of assistance

He lost He lost parliamentary parliamentary law and custom had law and custom had equalequalweight.weight.

Rethinking Their Rethinking Their EmpireEmpire

Rethinking Their Rethinking Their EmpireEmpire