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College of Life Sciences
General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety
Training Requirements
Individuals using multiple chemical procedures or chemicals in a laboratory must receive:
General Laboratory Safety training Laboratory Safety Training specific to lab in use
Questions? Contact College Safety Officer 422-687522
Training Requirements
General Safety Training Objectives
Awareness of government regulations Chemical handling and storage Biohazard handling and storage Disposal regulations College safety policies
Questions? Contact College Safety Officer 422-687533
Government Regulations
OSHA Laboratory Standard
OSHA Laboratory Standard 29 CFR 1910.1450 requirements:
Limiting exposure to airborne contaminants Assessing exposure to regulated contaminants Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for all chemicals Training requirements for laboratory workers Medical consultation and exam Record keeping Content requirements for Chemical Hygiene Plans
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Information on MSDS include:
Outline hazard information Describe physical and chemical properties Recommend precautions for handling, storage, and disposal
Always read MSDS before working with Chemicals
1. Supplier information2. Chemical name & CAS
number3. Physical & chemical
properties4. Physical hazards5. Health hazards6. Toxicity data
7. Storage & handling procedures
8. Emergency & first aid procedures
9. Disposal considerations10.Transportation information
Supplied by manufacturer Written and electronic versions available
No MSDS, contact manufacturer (see container label) No info on label, go online http://hazard.com/msds/
In lab all MSDS copies for chemicals maintained & available Written copies of highly toxic, explosive, or reactive
chemicals must be maintained in laboratory Online access to all others
If shipping chemicals must also ship MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
University Regulations
General Laboratory Training from Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)
Applies to all laboratories on campus using chemicals Explains how BYU is in compliance with OSHA laboratory
standard Includes Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) -- mandatory
practices Review CHP prior to working in laboratory using chemicals Access CHP http://lifesciences.byu.edu/safety/
ChemicalHygienePlan-1.pdf
Hazardous Materials Exposure
Hazardous materials include: Chemicals recognized to be harmful to
people Infectious biological agents Radioisotopes / ionizing radiation
emitted at harmful levels Chemical, biohazard, and radiation
waste
Hazardous materials enter the body via:
Inhalation* Skin absorption* Ingestion Injection
* Most common pathways for exposure
Methods to Control Hazardous Material Exposure
3 methods to minimize exposure:
1. Work Practice Controls2. Personal Protective Equipment3. Engineering Controls
Work Practice Controls: Lab
Reduce exposure duration, frequency, and severity to hazardous chemicals:
Adoption of SOPs Post hazard signs outside laboratory doors Post signs on computers, printers in lab if gloves necessary to
operate equipment Minimize exposure time when working with hazardous
materials Restrict access where hazardous materials used
- Isolate lab areas carcinogenic/reproductive hazardous chemicals
Wash hands when leaving lab Limit lab access to authorized individuals Keep doors close when lab not in use
Work Practice Controls: Lab
No children allowed Prior written approval needed for child between 12 -18 years
to enter No food consumption, storage in a refrigerator or freezer allowed No application of cosmetics including chap stick/lip balm No Pets allowed in the labs
Prior approval is needed for guide dogs
Avoid touching your face and nose while wearing gloves Avoid using your cell phone while wearing gloves
Report:1. Unusual occurrences2. Unknown people showing interest in
laboratory3. Ask who someone is, what doing in lab, if
you don’t know him/her 4. If someone doesn’t belong in lab, report
him/her to supervisor, the department, college safety coordinator, or University Police
Work Practice Controls: Clothing Requirements
DO NOTs No sandals or open-toed
shoes No loose or hanging
clothing No shorts Do not wear clothing that
exposes any skin other than your arms or face
DOs Use appropriate
personal protective equipment ( i.e gloves, lab coat, etc)
Increased hazards requires additional clothing
Wear clothing like fitted cotton shirts, long denim pants, closed toes shoes
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Necessary to prevent potential body injury or impairment
1. Gloves: Latex and Nitrile NEVER WORN IN HALLWAYS OR ELEVATORS Compatible with chemical or process used Chemical compatibility and manufacturer information: http
://risk.byu.edu/safety/Gloves.php fit snuggly –no bagging at fingers or wrist Double gloving with radioisotopes, carcinogens, etc.
2. Splash Goggles and Face Shields Impact, chemical or UV protection Select the correct type for process being used
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Necessary to prevent potential body injury or impairment
3. Lab Coat or Apron Protect against minor spills / splashes Removed before exiting lab
4. Respiratory Protection Highly toxic chemicals or biological hazards Special training and fit required Does not include surgical / dust masks
Engineering ControlsPhysical barriers minimize exposure, risk or injury
Controls can include: Chemical hoods
LRC video - “Using Chemical Hoods—A Laboratory Safety Test”
Biosafety cabinets (BSC) Radiation shields
Directional air ventilation Positive or negative
pressure Gas tank anchors
At 2/3 up (2nd at 1/3 if possible)
Biosafety cabinet Radiation shield
Gas tank anchors
Signs and Labels
NFPA Hazard Warning System(National Fire Protection Association)The NFPA diamond gives general hazard information
Blue – Health Hazard Red – Flammability Yellow – Chemical Reactivity White – Special Hazard
W - water contact hazard BIO - biological hazard - radiation hazard
Rating system is from 0 to 4 0 - no hazard 4 - severe hazard (can be
lethal etc.)
NFPA ratings for specific chemicals found in MSDS or on most primary containers
Laboratory Hazard Signs
Laboratory hazard signs are provided for emergency responders Contact information General hazard information Created by lab supervisor
Container LabelingThere are two types of containers, each is labeled
differently:
Primary Containers:
Container shipped from manufacturer with manufacturer’s labelLabels on a primary container MUST NOT BE:
Removed Refaced Scribbled out / written
over Improperly labeled primary container
Correctly labeled primary
container
Container LabelingThere are two types of containers, each is labeled
differently:
Secondary Containers:
Container holds contents of a primary container and bears a label by the lab
If contents will be used immediately label is not needed
Labels on a Secondary Container MUST HAVE:
Content’s chemical name as on MSDS (non abbreviated)
Indication of relative hazards of contents i.e. flammable, reactive, oxidizer, corrosive, target organs, etc.
Improperly labeled secondary container
Correct label for secondary container
Chemical Storage
Chemical StorageStorage basics: Group by compatibility Store dry and liquid chemicals separately Store in accordance with temperature requirements Store flammable chemicals away from ignition sources (i.e.,
computers, hotplates, burners) Oxidizers should not be stored on combustible shelving or next
to organic chemicals (fuels) Shelving used for chemical storage must have a lip, rail, or
door Lip keeps chemicals from falling off shelves during
earthquakes Glass panel doors do not qualify
Chemical Storage
Improper Storage 1. Incompatible chemicals
together 2. Oxidizers and fuel sources
together3. Liquid and dry chemicals on
same shelf
Proper Storage
Liquid Chemical Storage
Liquid chemicals should be stored at or below shoulder level to minimize the potential for liquid spills.
Flammable Liquids: Store in a flammable liquids cabinet. Flammable liquids that require refrigeration must be stored in a fireproof refrigerator or freezer which does not contain any ignition sources.
Liquid Acid and Bases: Store in a corrosives cabinet. Within the cabinet, the acids and bases should be stored in separate plastic tubs or other compatible secondary container.
Just-In-Time Acquisition of Chemicals Get rid of all un-needed chemicals
Contact Chemicals Management at 422-6156 to get rid of old chemicals.
When ordering chemicals, only order the amount currently needed for that semester - don’t order excess.
Note: Some chemicals are more dangerous the longer they are stored (i.e. peroxide forming chemicals like ethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran).
Benefits:
Minimization of accidents, fires, or other events. More efficient use of storage space. Lowered expense (consider - less inventory, storage facilities,
spill response measures and equipment, etc.)
BioSafety
Principles of Biosafety
Lab Practices and Techniques: Knowledgeable supervisor Personnel
Aware of potential hazards Proficient in practices/techniques
Biosafety manual specific to lab Decontaminate work surfaces daily Always wash hands when leaving Restrict or limit access to the lab when working
Principles of Biosafety
Safety Equipment (Engineering Controls): Biosafety cabinets (BSCs)
Not the same as chemical hoods Certified for different organisms types (level 2 or
3) Personal protective clothing
Gloves Gowns
Pipetting devices – No mouth pipetting permitted. Safety centrifuge cups and rotors Eye and face protection BSL3 level only:
Respiratory protection Double door entry Directional inward airflow Single-pass air
Principles of BiosafetyBiosafety Levels 1-3 Biosafety Level 1 (BSL1): The basic level for agents that are not
known to be human pathogens in normal healthy humans. Examples used here at BYU: E. Coli K12 Level of most teaching labs in the College
Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2): Moderate-risk agents that cause human disease. These diseases are not usually fatal. Infection path is most commonly through ingestion or mucous membrane exposure. Examples used here at BYU: Staph, Strep A, E. Coli O157:H7 Some research and teaching labs
Biosafety Level 3 (BSL3): High-risk agents that have potential for serious and potentially lethal infections as a result of exposure by the inhalation route in humans. Most agents can be treated with antibiotics or vaccines. Examples used here at BYU: HIV
Biosafety Level 4 (BSL4): High-risk agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted infections which cause severe to fatal disease in humans for which no known treatments are available.
Biosafety Level 1
Suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to cause disease in healthy humans and of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment.
Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices Personal protective clothing:
Gloves, lab coats, eye protection Work is generally conducted on open bench tops using
standard microbiological practices Wash hands when done Wash work surfaces daily Limit lab access to authorized personnel Eating, drinking and applying cosmetics are prohibited
Examples: E. Coli K12, Varicella (Chicken Pox)
Biosafety Level 2Suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment. Includes various bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting
Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices: Access to the lab is limited when work is being conducted.
Doors must be closed at all times Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items Biosafety cabinets (class II) for work with infectious agents
involving: Aerosols and splashes Large volumes High concentrations
Biosafety manual specific to lab Immunizations may be required by your Faculty mentor before
working in the lab
Examples: Measles virus, E. Coli O157:H7, Salmonellae, Hepatitis A, B, and C
Immunization or antibiotic treatment is available
Biosafety Level 3Suitable for work with infectious agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease as a result of exposure by the inhalation route.
Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices: BSL1 and 2 plus laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents
Separate, isolated zone with double door entry Directional inward airflow with signal-pass air Restricted access, always Criteria for entry (e.g. immunization) Biosafety cabinets class III Annual medical testing (e.g. TB skin test)
Know symptoms of pathogens you are working with in laboratory
Maintain lab entry log
Examples: M. tuberculosis, B. anthracis(anthrax), HIV. Infection serious, possibly lethal. Treatments or immunizations are available
Spills and Waste Disposal
Clean Release / SpillsWhat Can and Cannot be
Cleaned up Some chemical, biological, or radioisotope releases can be cleaned
up, whereas other releases create an emergency (evacuate). Laboratories must determine what can and cannot be cleaned up
should a release occur. Materials used to clean-up spills must be treated as hazardous
waste, placed in the proper container, labeled, and provided to Chemicals Management.
Do not place paper towels or other materials used for clean-up in the trash.
For help, contact Risk Management and Safety 422-4468, Chemicals Management 422-6156, or College Safety Coordinator 422-6875
Hazardous Releases / SpillsBE PREPARED
A spill kit, adequate with supplies needed to clean up materials that may spill, needs to be created and ready to use in the lab at all times.
A basic spill kit generally consists of: Spill Pillows Inert absorbent material (sand will usually work) Dust Pan & Broom Splash Goggles Pair of Chemical Resistant Nitrile Gloves Pair of Booties A Lab Apron Properly Labeled Waste Disposal Bags
Regulated Waste DisposalMost waste generated in a laboratory qualifies as regulated waste which can not be disposed of in the normal trash.
Chemical waste Aqueous Solid Other
Biohazardous waste Radioactive waste Sharps
In sharps container
only Other Wastes
Batteries Oil-bearing devices Circuit boards Aerosol cans
Chemicals Management will dispose of:
Chemicals Management can not dispose of: Mixed waste (any mix of the above wastes)
Regulated Waste DisposalMost waste generated in a laboratory qualifies as regulated waste which can not be disposed of in the normal trash.
Glass: Dispose in a sturdy cardboard box –not the trash Rinsed empty chemical bottles Large pieces of broken glass When full – seal tightly and mark broken glass for
custodians to remove If from acutely hazardous material it is managed as
hazardous waste
Contact Chemicals Management for waste storage containers and waste pickups at: 422-6156 or http://risk.byu.edu/environmental/Click on “Hazardous Waste Pickup”
Disposing of Chemical Waste
Use waste containers provided by Chemicals Management Label waste containers with the proper labels (those provided by
Chemicals Management) Have waste containers removed from the lab within 3 days of
being filled. Containers must be closed at all times except when adding or
removing waste. Incompatible wastes must be kept segregated.
Contact Chemicals Management (422-6156) for waste disposal
Disposing of Biohazardous WasteLiquid Biohazardous Waste: Autoclave or disinfect with bleach and
flush down the drain. Then disinfect the sink with additional bleach
Solid Biohazardous Waste: All waste should, except sharps, be double bagged before being disposed Must be packaged in either a red biohazard bag, or a bag
which is labeled as biohazardous and displays the biohazard symbol.
All Sharps are treated as a biohazard and should be disposed of in a sharps container separate from other biohazard waste.
All Petri dishes are treated as a biohazard, even if they are clean, and should be disposed in a biohazard bag. DO NOT PLACE IN THE NORMAL TRASH!
Low-risk biohazardous waste can be picked up by Chemicals Management. Request a biohazardous container.
High-risk biohazardous waste must be autoclaved and then received by Chemicals Management.
Animal remains or specimens must be frozen by the lab before disposal by Chemicals Management
Disposing of Radioactive Waste
All radioactive waste must be segregated by isotope Containers must be labeled with the isotope, the amount in
microcuries, the lab number, and the date. Liquids: Call Chemicals Management for more information Solids: Must contain NO liquid (including droplets)
Collect waste in clear plastic bags. Insure that the bags are labeled (see above) and closed before being received by Chemicals Management for disposal.
Radioactive sharps need to be separate from Biohazardous sharps. Do not use a red biohazard sharps container for radioactive sharps.
Other Safety Issues
Housekeeping
A well kept lab coincides with better research and a safe work environment
Keep carcinogenic and / or reproductive hazardous chemicals in a designated area to minimize exposure and contamination
Dispose of trash when it is generated. Prevent accumulation of waste
Don’t place empty bottles and other trip hazards in a walkway.
Keep chemicals and glassware away from the edge of counters.
Spills need to be cleaned up when generated.Good Housekeeping
Poor Housekeeping
Emergency EquipmentEyewash/ Shower
Suitable eyewash/shower stations must be immediately accessible and usable to lab personnel that are using chemicals that could injure the eyes/skin.
Rinse for 10-20 minutes Remove contacts (if present) while washing eyes Seek medical help as soon as possible
SuitableNot Suitable
Specific Laboratory Training
Lab training must include: The physical and health hazards of the chemicals being
used in the laboratory How individuals can protect themselves while using
hazardous materials Which PPE is required for the lab How to detect a release of chemicals or biohazards What to do if a release occurs (clean-up or evacuate the
lab/building?)
Specific lab training provided by those in charge of the lab
End of Safety Training Document Your Training
Document and receive credit for your training by completing the General Life Sciences Laboratory Safety Test online. Log into blackboard
Quiz is located in the Life Sciences Safety and Compliance Organization
80% score needed to be pass If you have any questions please contact Rebecca Scholl,
Life Sciences Safety Coordinator (422-6875) rebecca_scholl@byu.edu
Lab specific training must also be documented.
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