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Cold War Hot Spots
Unit 4
Lesson 11
Objectives:
Describe how Communists rose to power in China and how the US reacted.Explain why the US became involved in the affairs of Korea and summarize the events of the war.Identify other Cold War “hot spots.”Explain how US foreign policy changed through the course of the Cold War.
Warm Up
How did the Red Scare manifest itself in the US?
FELP- LRB
HUAC
Espionage Cases
McCarthyism
Review
Subversion: an attempt to transform the established social order and its structures of power, authority, and hierarchy
Communists Take China- 1949Chinese Civil War (28-38)
Nationalists: Chiang Kai-shekCommunists: Mao Zedong
Unite to fight WW2… temporaryPeople’s Republic of China
Mao’s CommunistsChou En-lai - Premier
Republic of China – aka Taiwan (Formosa)
Chiang’s NationalistsRecognized as official govt (US & UN)
Communists Take China- 1949
Reading Activity with worksheet
The Korean War
Japan occupied Korea from 1910-1945
Post WW2, Korea divided at 38th Parallel
USSR in North
US in South
Goal: reunification
UN in North Korea
USSR refuses UN-sponsored elections…
Republic of Korea in Seoul, S. Korea (Pres. Syngman Rhee)
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in Pyongyang, N. Korea (Kim Il Sung)
Occupying troops withdrew 48 & 49.
Close Reading Activity: Letter from Fredrick Brown Harris to Truman
Summarize both the letter to and the letter from Truman. You should have at least 1-2 sentences per paragraph.
What were the purposes of these letters?
What is the tone of each letter?
Open HostilitiesJune to Sept- North captures Seoul, most S. Korea!
Sept to Oct – Mac pushes back…to Chinese border!
Nov to Jan 51- Chinese get involved to stop US from entering China… push back to 38th parallel
“America in the 20th Century: The Cold War- Start of the Korean War”
Butting Heads
MacArthur : Invade China! Truman: No!
MacArthur appeals to media, criticizes Truman
Mac fired April 11, 1951.
Armistice1951-1953 stuck at 38th…nothing gained, much lost (54k dead, $67b)
Soviets suggest ceasefire38th Parallel
Demilitarized Zone
Exchange of POW’s
NK/UN signed July 1953No official NK/SK Treaty!“America in the 20th Century:
The Cold War- MacArthur and the Armistice”
Think-Pair-Share: Impact of Korea
How did the Korean War impact the United States and
its relation to the Soviet Union?
How has the Korean War impacted the Korean
Peninsula today?
Impact of Korea
UN gains authorityHostilities in Korea continue
N. Korea still communistUS commit to containment
US precedent for future intervention (Vietnam)
US rejects Dem Party, elects Republican Ike
Military-industrial complex
Eisenhower and the Cold War
Brinksmanship1949- Soviet A Bomb
Nov 52/Aug 53- H Bomb
John Foster DullesUse “full force”
NSC triples defense $
Deterrance
MAD Arms RaceAir Raid Drills Bomb Shelters“Living Under the Button”
Cold War Takes to the SkiesOct 4, 1957- Sputnik
Fear ICBM attackReading
US tries to duplicate and failsNASA
National Defense Education Act
U2 IncidentUS spy plane shot down over USSR
Other Confrontations
Asia: US doesn’t sign Geneva Accords, gives aid to S.Vietnam
Middle East: US supports creation Israel (‘47), Eisenhower Doctrine (‘57) after Suez Crisis – US force against communist aggression in ME
Latin America – Rio Pact & OAS Treaties
Kennedy & Flexible Response
Cuba: Recognize Castro (’59) then break off relations (’61)
1961 Bay of Pigs: CIA trains Cuban exiles in Cuba to overthrow Castro regime…Fails…JFK embarrassed
1962 Cuban Missile Crisis:Spy planes detect USSR missile sites in Cuba, world on edge for 13 days until Khruschev falters and agrees to remove. US-USSR Hotline
LBJ and Communism
Concerns tied up in Vietnam…to be discussed later
Nixon & A New Foreign Policy• Henry Kissinger –
Realpolitik
• Détente- Cooling of tension …“peaceful coexistence”• May 72 – 1st Pres to visit
• Brezhnev & SALT I
• China & Ping Pong Diplomacy• ‘71 end travel ban & trade
embargo
• ’72 Visit (1st Pres ever)
Cold War Ends
Reagan vs. Evil EmpireArms Race
Space Race – Star Wars
Soviet Union Falls
Apart (see Unit 1!)
Closure
What was US level of involvement in the Korean War?
How did Containment fail/succeed?
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