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Cold War Conflicts
OutlineHistorical ContextLeadership
1945 Origins until Death of Stalin1953-1964 Brinkmanship until Khrushchev1964-1972 Brezhnev Doctrine1972-1979 Begin Détente1979-1991 Too little reform, too late, too much spending
Proxy ‘Wars’BerlinHungaryPoland
Nuclear DevelopmentsRace for WeaponsDisarmament
Cold War Europe
Thesis
Where were the proxy wars? Who won them and why? How did the Cold War end?The Cold War, the struggle for economic and political dominance between USSR and USA, resulted in proxy wars in the developing world. These contests, USSR expenditures, and overextension of USSR power, led to the ultimate ‘triumph’ of the USA capitalist system.
Cold War Alliances
George Kennan, State Dept.
Truman Doctrine“It must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures”
Long TelegramX Article
Joseph Stalin 1929-1953
1949 COMENCONCouncil on Mutual Economic Assitance
Suspicious of the West
Exporting CommunismIran
Turkey and Greece
Korea
Dean Acheson
Secretary of State 1949 to 1953
Containment
Korean War
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
“eye ball to eye ball and they blinked”
Kitchen Debate
Nikita Krushchev, 1953-1964
1956 deStalinization Speech
1955 Warsaw Pact
1958 “Thaw” “Peaceful Co-existence” “We will bury you”
1962 Cuban Misslie Crisis
Falls in 1964
Eisenhower Doctrine
1956
American primacy in defense of Middle East
Military Industrial Complex
Today USA Troops:
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
John Foster Dulles
Secretary of State Eisenhower, 1952-1960
Massive Retaliation
Brinkmanship
Allen Dulles
Head of CIA 1953-1961
Eisenhower and Kennedy
Bay of Pigs
Coups in Iran and Guatemala
Leonid Brezhnev, 1964-1982
Brezhnev DoctrineSoviet can intervene to protect socialism and socialist govts against pro-capitalis change
Thaw is ‘over’“peaceful coexistence”
1972 DétenteHelsinki Accords
Ratifies WWII boundaries for EuropeHuman Rights watch
1979 Invade AfghanistanEnds Detente
Soviet Union 1991
Mikhail Gorbachev 1985-1991
GlasnotOpeness
PerestroikaFight against economic stagnation
1988 USSR Constitutional Reform
New national legislatureMulti candidate electionsno one party slate
1990 Const. ReformPresidencyYelstin Rises
Boris Yeltsin, 1991
Challenges Gorbachev
1991 Elected President of Russian Republic
Leningrad back to St. Petersburg
Soviet Union dissolves itself
Military Coup averted
Communism to Capitalism
Berlin
Airlift 1948- 19491961 Berlin Wall1965 Willy Brandt’s Ostpolitik
Former mayor of W. BerlinForeign Minister1969 is chancellor
1989 Berlin Wall comes downOctober 3, 1990 German Reunites
FRG incorporates GDR
Construction of the Wall
Checkpoint Charlie
The Wall in the 1980s
Demolishing the Wall
PolandDeStalinization as InspirationRevolt
European Communist Party Leaders 1956 Polish Steel Workers demand “Bread and Freedom”
National and RCC reglig sentimentsInp from Moscow
ResponseGomulka relaxed political and econ and curbed police terrorismShort lived
1970 Food RiotsTopple party boss Gomulka
Poland Cont.
1980-81 SolidarityLech Walensa leads strike at Lenin ShipyardsJaruzelski declares martial lawReform AttemptsRCC Support
1989 ElectionsSolidarity wins
Revolt in Hungary, 1956
Inspired by PolandToppled Statue of StalinImre Nagy Refomer into power
ResponseSoviets dispatch troopsSuppress ‘counter revolution’Nagy executed200,000 Hungarian Refugees
Hungary Revolts and Flees
1956, Poznan Tank in front of Secrity Police Building in
Wieslaw Wldyka
Soviet Military Intervention in Hungary 1956
Prague Spring, 1968
‘68
Arms Race
MAD1945 USA Atomic Bomb1949 USSR Atomic Bomb1952 US Hydrogen BombSputnik 19571958, USSR ICBMMissile Defense Systems
Weapons
Missile Stats
Nagasaki Before and After
Disarmament
1970 Non-Proliferation Treaty1972 SALT I
Strategic arms limitation talksNixon and
1979 SALT IIFord and Not ratified by Congress
1991 Strategic Arms Treay
Scale down long range missiles
Red NPTOrange Other Nuclear PowersPurple formerly possessed nuclearyellow suspected of developingpink had nuclear weapons and or research
programs
Post Cold War
http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect17.htm
Lecture notes Anna M. cienciala HI 557 2002 hanka@ku.edu
Gomulka speaks in Warsaw Oct. 1956
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