Coal-Fired Power Plant

Energy ConversionGroup 5

Coal – Fired Power Plant

• Energy

Introduction

• from an Old English “col ” which means mineral of fossilized carbon

• is a black or brownish black, solid combustible rock containing less than 40% non-combustible inorganic components formed by the accumulation, decomposition and compaction of plant materials under long-acting geological processes

• is a variety of solid, combustible, sedimentary, organic rocks that are composed mainly of carbon and varying amounts of other components such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur and moisture

What is a Coal?

a.) Anthracite b.) Bituminous

c.) Subbituminous d.) Lignite

Types of Coal

History

Comparison and Graphs

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Parts and Cycle

Coal – Fired Power Plant (Thermal)

• Water from the condenser is pumped through the pipes to the boiler. In the boiler, coal is burnt and the chemical energy released heats up the water.

• 1. Boiler

Parts

• 3. Cooling water from sea

•Water from the condenser is pumped through the pipes to the boiler. In the boiler, coal is burnt and the chemical energy released heats up the water.

• This tall structure conducts the exhaust gas high above the ground, releasing it into the atmosphere.

• 2. Chimney

• In the condenser, seawater passing through metal pipes (made of a metal with high conductivity, such as copper) cools the hot steam outside the pipes, condensing it into water

• 4. Condenser

• In the condenser, seawater passing through metal pipes (made of a metal with high conductivity, such as copper) cools the hot steam outside the pipes, condensing it into water

• 5. Steam Pipe Line

• A turbine is made up of stationary blades and rotating blades stacked alternatively. The stationary blades, which do not rotate, function to angle the steam onto the rotating blades.

• 7. Turbine

• Electromagnetic induction is the basic working principle behind all kinds of generators. In power plant generators, the conducting coils are stationary and it is the magnets that are turned.

• 8. Generator

Cycle

• The first conversion of energy takes place in the boiler. Coal is burnt in the boiler furnace to produce heat. Carbon in the coal and Oxygen in the air combine to produce Carbon Dioxide and heat.

Stage 1

• The second stage is the thermodynamic process.

Stage 2

• 1. The heat from combustion of the coal boils water in the boiler to produce steam. In modern power plant, boilers produce steam at a high pressure and temperature.

• 2. The steam is then piped to a turbine.

• 3. The high pressure steam impinges and expands across a number of sets of blades in the turbine.

Stage 2

• 4. The impulse and the thrust created rotates the turbine.

Stage 2

• 5. The steam is then condensed and pumped back into the boiler to repeat the cycle.

• In the third stage, rotation of the turbine rotates the generator rotor to produce electricity based of Faraday’s Principle of electromagnetic induction.

Stage 3

ADVANTAGES OF COAL ENERGY FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

1. The abundance of coal energy is in a large number.

2. Coal is inexpensive to buy on open market due to large reserves and easy access ability.

3. Since coal is a fossil fuel, it can be used to build power stations almost anywhere as long as there are large amounts of it.

4. It's easily transported to many areas in the world.

5. Reliability is entailed and presented in this form of energy.

Energy Losses in Electricity Generation

(Different energy sources used for energy production in 2000)

6. This form of energy is producing high energy upon its combustion process. 7. The power generation scale of coal is great that makes it possible for building a range of sizes of generation plants.

DISADVANTAGES OF COAL ENERGY FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

1. Coal is nonrenewable.

2. Coal energy is producing tremendous amount of carbon emissions that results in climate change and global warming.

Unchecked carbon pollution leads to long-lasting changes in our climate, such as:

• Rising global temperatures

• Rising sea level

• Changes in weather and precipitation patterns

• Changes in ecosystems, habitats and species diversity

3. Coal burning is considered not environmental friendly.

4. Coal energy is fast depleting because many people consume a large amount of it inefficiently.

5. It is also ruining the ecosystem and environment and putting many people’s lives in danger especially

miners.

6. Mining of coal creates unstoppable damage to the environment around coal mines.

7. High levels of radiation.

8. Coal burning causes acid rain.